Prenatal care and child growth and schooling in four low- and medium-income countries

PLoS ONE

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2017, Pages

  Liu, Xiaoying ^a   Behrman, Jere R ^a   Stein, Aryeh D ^b,c   Adair, Linda S ^d   Bhargava, Santosh K ^e   Borja, Judith B ^f   Da Silveira, Mariangela Freitas ^g   Horta, Bernardo L ^g   Martorell, Reynaldo ^b   Norris, Shane A ^c   Richter, Linda M ^c   Sachdev, Harshpal S ^h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^d University of North Carolina   (United States)

^e SL Jain Hospital   (India)

^f UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS   (Philippines)

^g FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PELOTAS   (Brazil)

^h SITARAM BHARTIA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND RESEARCH   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULTHOOD; BIRTH WEIGHT; BRAZIL; BRAZILIAN; CHILD; CHILD GROWTH; COHORT ANALYSIS; FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; GUATEMALA; GUATEMALAN; HEIGHT; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY; PHILIPPINES; PRENATAL CARE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTH AFRICAN; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EDUCATION; FEMALE; INCOME; MALE; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PREGNANCY; SCHOOL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCOME; MALE; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL CARE; SCHOOLS;

EID: 85011708832     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171299     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. United Nations Department of Economic. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2008. United Nations Publications; 2008.
2. United Nations. UN Sustainable Development Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. [Internet]. http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/health/
3. WHO, Antenatal care. [Internet]. http://www.who.int/gho/maternal-health/reproductive-health/ antenatal-care-text/en/
4. WHO. WHO launches programme to improve antenatal care in Mozambique [Internet]. http://www.who. int/features/2014/mozambique-antenatal-care/en/
5. Free obstetric care in Haiti [Internet]. http://www.who.int/features/2012/haiti-obstetric-care/en/
6. Kirkham C, Harris S, Grzybowski S. Evidence-based prenatal care: Part I. General prenatal care and counseling issues. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Apr 1; 71(7):1307-16. PMID: 15832534
7. Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial (SUMMIT) Study Group, Shankar AH, Jahari AB, Sebayang SK, Aditiawarman, Apriatni M, et al. Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant death in Indonesia: a double-blind cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2008 Jan 19; 371(9608):215-27.
8. Christian P, Tielsch JM. Evidence for multiple micronutrient effects based on randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in developing countries. J Nutr. 2012; 142(1):173S-177S. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.149898 PMID: 22157540
9. AbouZahr C, Wardlaw T. Antenatal care in developing countries: Promises, achievements and missed opportunities-an analysis of trends, levels and differentials, 1990-2001. World Health Organization; 2003.
10. Huntington J, Connell FA. For every dollar spent-the cost-savings argument for prenatal care. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331(19):1303-1307. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199411103311910 PMID: 7935689
11. Alexander GR, Korenbrot CC. The role of prenatal care in preventing low birth weight. Future Child. 1995;103-120. PMID: 7633858
12. Goldenberg RL, Rouse DJ. Prevention of premature birth. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339(5):313-320. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199807303390506 PMID: 9682045
13. Krueger PM, Scholl TO. Adequacy of prenatal care and pregnancy outcome. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000;( 100):485-92.
14. Alexander GR, Kotelchuck M. Assessing the role and effectiveness of prenatal care: history, challenges, and directions for future research. Public Health Rep. 2001; 116(4):306. PMID: 12037259
15. Lu MC, Tache V, Alexander G, Kotelchuck M, Halfon N. Preventing low birth weight: is prenatal care the answer? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003; 13(6):362-380. doi: 10.1080/jmf.13.6.362.380 PMID: 12962261
16. Conway KS, Deb P. Is prenatal care really ineffective? Or, is the "devil"in the distribution? J Health Econ. 2005; 24(3):489-513. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.09.012 PMID: 15811540
17. Noonan K, Corman H, Schwartz-Soicher O, Reichman NE. Effects of prenatal care on child health at age 5. Matern Child Health J. 2013; 17(2):189-199. doi: 10.1007/s10995-012-0966-2 PMID: 22374319
18. Hollowell J, Oakley L, Kurinczuk JJ, Brocklehurst P, Gray R. The effectiveness of antenatal care programmes to reduce infant mortality and preterm birth in socially disadvantaged and vulnerable women in high-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2011; 11(1):13.
19. Carroli G, Villar J, Piaggio G, Khan-Neelofur D, Gülmezoglu M, Mugford M, et al. WHO systematic review of randomised controlled trials of routine antenatal care. The Lancet. 2001; 357(9268): 1565-1570.
20. Todd Jewell R, Triunfo P. The impact of prenatal care on birthweight: the case of Uruguay. Health Econ. 2006; 15(11):1245-1250. doi: 10.1002/hec.1121 PMID: 16786548
21. Wehby GL, Murray JC, Castilla EE, Lopez-Camelo JS, Ohsfeldt RL. Prenatal care demand and its effects on birth outcomes by birth defect status in Argentina. Econ Hum Biol. 2009; 7(1):84-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2008.10.001 PMID: 19059012
22. Gajate-Garrido G. The impact of adequate prenatal care on urban birth outcomes: an analysis in a developing country context. Econ Dev Cult Change. 2013; 62(1):95-130.
23. Habibov NN, Fan L. Does prenatal healthcare improve child birthweight outcomes in Azerbaijan? Results of the national Demographic and Health Survey. Econ Hum Biol. 2011; 9(1):56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2010.08.003 PMID: 20851064
24. Ramakrishna T. Vitamins and brain development. Physiol Res. 1999; 48:175-188. PMID: 10523053
25. Eyles D, Brown J, Mackay-Sim A, McGrath J, Feron F. Vitamin D 3 and brain development. Neuroscience. 2003; 118(3):641-653. PMID: 12710973
26. Alderman H, Behrman JR. Reducing the incidence of low birth weight in low-income countries has substantial economic benefits. World Bank Res Obs. 2006; 21(1):25-48.
27. Behrman JR, Rosenzweig MR. Returns to birthweight. Rev Econ Stat. 2004; 86(2):586-601.
28. Conley D, Bennett NG. Birth weight and income: interactions across generations. J Health Soc Behav. 2001 Dec; 42(4):450-65. PMID: 11831142
29. Conley D, Strully KW, Bennett NG. Twin differences in birth weight: the effects of genotype and prenatal environment on neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. Econ Hum Biol. 2006; 4(2):151-183. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2005.12.001 PMID: 16439189
30. Kuzawa CW, Hallal PC, Adair L, Bhargava SK, Fall CH, Lee N, et al. Birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and adult body composition in five low and middle income countries. Am J Hum Biol. 2012; 24(1):5-13. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.21227 PMID: 22121058
31. Stein AD, Barros FC, Bhargava SK, Hao W, Horta BL, Lee N, et al. Birth status, child growth, and adult outcomes in low-and middle-income countries. J Pediatr. 2013; 163(6):1740-1746. doi: 10.1016/j. jpeds.2013.08.012 PMID: 24064150
32. Stein AD, Wang M, Martorell R, Norris SA, Adair LS, Bas I, et al. Growth Patterns in Early Childhood and Final Attained Stature: Data from Five Birth Cohorts from Low-And Middle-Income Countries. Am J Hum Biol. 2010; 22:353-359. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20998 PMID: 19856426
33. Haas JD, Murdoch S, Rivera J, Martorell R. Early nutrition and later physical work capacity. Nutr Rev. 1996; 54(s1):S41-S48.
34. Hoddinott J, Alderman H, Behrman JR, Haddad L, Horton S. The economic rationale for investing in stunting reduction. Matern Child Nutr. 2013; 9(S2):69-82.
35. Martorell R, Khan LK, Schroeder DG. Reversibility of stunting: epidemiological findings in children from developing countries. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994; 48:S45-57.
36. Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. The lancet. 2008; 371(9609):340-357.
37. Doyle O, Harmon CP, Heckman JJ, Tremblay RE. Investing in early human development: timing and economic efficiency. Econ Hum Biol. 2009; 7(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.002 PMID: 19213617
38. Victora CG, de Onis M, Hallal PC, Blössner M, Shrimpton R. Worldwide timing of growth faltering: revisiting implications for interventions. Pediatrics. 2010;peds-2009.
39. Becker GS, Becker GS. A Treatise on the Family. Harvard university press; 2009.
40. Behrman JR. Investment in Education Inputs and Incentives. Handb Dev Econ. 2010; 5:4883-4975.
41. Glewwe P, Kremer M. Schools, teachers, and education outcomes in developing countries. Handb Econ Educ. 2006; 2:945-1017.
42. Hanushek EA, Woessmann L. The role of cognitive skills in economic development. J Econ Lit. 2008;607-668.
43. Psacharopoulos G, Patrinos HA. Returns to investment in education: a further update. Educ Econ. 2004; 12(2):111-134.
44. Schultz TP. Education investments and returns. Handb Dev Econ. 1988; 1(1):543-630.
45. Schultz TW. Investment in human capital. Am Econ Rev. 1961;1-17.
46. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, Chou D, Moller A-B, Narwal R, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. The Lancet. 2012; 379(9832):2162-2172.
47. UNICEF. Low-birthweight babies (% of births).
48. WHO, UNICEF, UNIFPA, The World Bank, Division the UNP. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013. World Health Organization; 2014.
49. Victora CG, Barros FC. Cohort profile: the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;( 35):237-42.
50. Richter L, Norris S, Pettifor J, Yach D, Cameron N. Cohort profile: Mandela's children: The 1990 birth to twenty study in South Africa. Int J Epidemiol. 2007;( 36):504-11.
51. Antonisamy B, Raghupathy P, Christopher S, Richard J, Rao PSS, Barker DJ, et al. Cohort profile: the 1969-73 Vellore birth cohort study in south India. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;( 38):663-9.
52. Adair LS, Popkin BM, Akin JS, Guilkey DK, Gultiano S, Borja J, et al. Cohort profile: the Cebu longitudinal health and nutrition survey. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;( 40):619-25.
53. Stein AD, Melgar P, Hoddinott J, Martorell R. Cohort profile: The Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) nutrition trial cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2008; 37(4):716-720. doi: 10.1093/ije/ dyn028 PMID: 18285366
54. Reynes JF. Women in Transition: Patterns of Prenatal Care in Semi-rural Philippines. J Southeast Asian Stud. 1985; 16(2):292-303.
55. Shwartz S. Prenatal care, prematurity, and neonatal mortality. A critical analysis of prenatal care statistics and associations. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1962; 83:591-598. PMID: 139124592
56. Alexander GR, Kotelchuck M. Quantifying the adequacy of prenatal care: a comparison of indices. Public Health Rep. 1996; 111(5):408. PMID: 8837629
57. Simkhada B, van Teijlingen ER, Porter M, Simkhada P. Factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care in developing countries: systematic review of the literature. J Adv Nurs. 2008; 61(3):244-260. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04532.x PMID: 18197860
58. Wong EL, Popkin BM, Guilkey DK, Akin JS. Accessibility, quality of care and prenatal care use in the Philippines. Soc Sci Med. 1987; 24(11):927-944. PMID: 3616686
59. Rosenzweig MR, Schultz TP. Estimating a household production function: Heterogeneity, the demand for health inputs, and their effects on birth weight. J Polit Econ. 1983;723-746.
60. Grossman M, Joyce TJ. Unobservables, pregnancy resolutions, and birth weight production functions in New York City. J Polit Econ. 1990;983-1007.
61. Fall CH, Borja JB, Osmond C, Richter L, Bhargava SK, Martorell R, et al. Infant-feeding patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood: data from five cohorts in low-and middle-income countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2011; 40(1):47-62. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq155 PMID: 20852257
62. Ballard J, Novak H, Driver M. A simplified score for assessment of fetal maturation in newly born infants. J Pediatr. 1979;( 95):769-74.
63. Von Hippel PT. How to impute interactions, squares, and other transformed variables. Sociol Methodol. 2009; 39(1):265-291.
64. Glei DA, Goldman N, Rodríguez G. Utilization of care during pregnancy in rural Guatemala: does obstetrical need matter? Soc Sci Med. 2003; 57(12):2447-2463. PMID: 14572850
65. VanderWeele TJ, Lantos JD, Lauderdale DS. Rising preterm birth rates, 1989-2004: Changing demographics or changing obstetric practice? Soc Sci Med. 2012; 74(2):196-201. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed. 2011.10.031 PMID: 22177849
66. Ramakrishnan U, Imhoff-Kunsch B, Martorell R. Maternal nutrition interventions to improve maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes. 2014;
67. Haider BA, Olofin I, Wang M, Spiegelman D, Ezzati M, Fawzi WW, et al. Anaemia, prenatal iron use, and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj. 2013; 346.
68. Chamberlain C, O'Mara-Eves A, Oliver S, Caird JR, Perlen SM, Eades SJ, et al. Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 10.
69. Guilkey DK, Popkin BM, Akin JS, Wong EL. Prenatal care and pregnancy outcome in Cebu, Philippines. J Dev Econ. 1989; 30(2).
70. Behrman JR, Calderon MC, Preston SH, Hoddinott J, Martorell R, Stein AD. Nutritional supplementation in girls influences the growth of their children: prospective study in Guatemala. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 90(5):1372-1379. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27524 PMID: 19793851
71. Hoddinott J, Maluccio JA, Behrman JR, Flores R, Martorell R. Effect of a nutrition intervention during early childhood on economic productivity in Guatemalan adults. The Lancet. 2008; 371(9610):411-416.
72. Maluccio JA, Hoddinott J, Behrman JR, Martorell R, Quisumbing AR, Stein AD. The impact of improving nutrition during early childhood on education among guatemalan adults. Econ J. 2009; 119(537): 734-763.
73. Hoddinott J, Behrman JR, Maluccio JA, Melgar P, Quisumbing AR, Ramirez-Zea M, et al. Adult consequences of growth failure in early childhood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;ajcn-064584.
74. Woodhouse C, Lopez-Camelo J, Wehby GL. A Comparative Analysis of Prenatal Care and Fetal Growth in Eight South American Countries. PloS One. 2014; 9(3):e91292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0091292 PMID: 24625630