Legitimacy in the multilevel European polity

European Political Science Review

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 173-204

  Scharpf, Fritz W ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF SOCIETIES   (Germany)

Author keywords

ECJ; EU; legitimacy; liberalism; republicanism

Indexed keywords

EID: 85011485081     PISSN: 17557739     EISSN: 17557747     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1755773909000204     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Alter K. (2001), Establishing the Supremacy of European law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2. Anderson C., Blais A., Bowler S., Donovan T., Listhaug O. (2005), Losers's Consent. Elections and Democratic Legitimacy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Argument: voting rights. Florida Law Review, 41, 443–490.
3. Aristoteles (1989), Politik. Schriften zur Staatstheorie. Übersetzt und herausgegeben von Franz F. Schwarz, Stuttgart: Reclam.
4. Bartolini S. (2005), Restructuring Europe: Centre Formation, System Building, and Political Restructuring between the Nation State and the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. Bartolini S. (2008), Taking ‘Constitutionalism’ and ‘Legitimacy’ Seriously, Ms. Florence: Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute.
6. Bellamy R. (2007), Political Constitutionalism. A Republican Defence of the Constitutionality of Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Berlin I. (1958), Two Concepts of Liberty: An Inaugural Lecture, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
8. Bickel A. (1962), The Least Dangerous Branch. The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
9. Börzel T.A., Dudziak M., Hofmann T., Panke D., Sprungk C. (2007), ‘Why member states do (not) comply with European law’. CES Working Paper 148. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
10. Buchanan J.M., Tullock G. (1962), The Calculus of Consent. Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
11. Burkhart S. (2008), Blockierte Politik. Ursachen und Folgen von ‘Divided Government’ in Deutschland, Frankfurt/M.: Campus.
12. Caporaso J.A. (2000), The European Union. Dilemmas of Regional Integration, Boulder: Westview.
13. Caporaso J.A., Tarrow S. (2008), ‘Polanyi in Brussels: European institutions and the embedding of markets in society’. Paper presented at the APSA 2008 annual meeting, August 28, 2008, Boston.
14. Cappelletti M., Seccombe M., Weiler J.H.H. (eds) (1985a), Integration Through Law: Europe and the American Federal Experience, Berlin: DeGruyter.
15. Cappelletti M., Seccombe M., Weiler J.H.H. (1985b), ‘A general introduction’, in Cappelletti et al., Integration Through Law: Europe and the American Federal Experience, Berlin: DeGruyter, pp. 1–68.
16. Cicero M.T. (1995), De re publica, K. Büchner (Hrsg.), Stuttgart: Reclam.
17. Cichowski R.A. (2004), ‘Women's rights, the European Court, and supranational constitutionalism’, Law & Society Review 38(3): 489–512.
18. Dahl R.A. (1967), Pluralist Democracy in the United States: Conflict and Consent, Chicago: Rand McNally.
19. Dahl R.A. (1989), Democracy and Its Critics, New Haven: Yale University Press.
20. de Vreese C., Schmitt H. (eds) (2007), ‘A European public sphere: how much of it do we have and how much do we need?’, Connex report series no. 02, Mannheim: University of Mannheim.
21. Dryzek J.S. (2000), Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
22. Edin P.-A., Topel R. (1997), ‘Wage policy and restructuring: the Swedish labor market since 1960’, in R.B. Freeman, R. Topel and B. Swedenborg (eds), The Welfare State in Transition: Reforming the Swedish Model, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 155–201.
23. Egle C., Zohlhöfer R. (Hg.) (2007), Ende des rot-grünen Projekts. Eine Bilanz der Regierung Schröder 2002–2005, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.
24. Elster J. (1998), ‘Introduction’, in J. Elster (ed.), Deliberative Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–18.
25. Falkner G., Treib O., Hartlapp M., Leiber S. (2005), Complying with Europe. EU Harmonisation and Soft Law in the Member States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26. Ferrera M. (2005), The Boundaries of Welfare. European Integration and the New Spatial Politics of Social Protection, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
27. Fisher L. (1988), Constitutional Dialogues: Interpretation as Political Process, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
28. Follesdal A., Hix S. (2006), ‘Why there is a democratic deficit in the EU: a response to Majone and Moravcsik’, Journal of Common Market Studies 44(3): 533–562.
29. Ganghof S., Genschel P. (2008a), ‘Taxation and democracy in the EU’, Journal of European Public Policy 15(1): 58–77.
30. Ganghof S., Genschel P. (2008b), ‘Deregulierte Steuerpolitik: Körperschaftsteuerwettbewerb und Einkommensbesteuerung in Europa’, in M. Höpner and A. Schäfer (Hg.), Die politische Ökonomie der europäischen Integration, Frankfurt/M.: Campus, pp. 311–334.
31. Garrett G. (1992), ‘International cooperation and institutional choice: the European community's internal market’, International Organization 46: 533–560.
32. Garrett G. (1995), ‘The politics of legal integration in the European Union’, International Organization 49(1): 171–181.
33. Genschel P., Kemmerling A., Seils E. (2008), Accelerating Downhill: How the EU Shapes Corporate Tax Competition in the Single Market, Bremen: Ms. Jacobs University.
34. Greven M.T. (2000), ‘Can the European Union finally become a democracy?’, in M.T. Greven and L.W. Pauly (eds), Democracy Beyond the State? The European Dilemma and the Emerging Global Order, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 35–62.
35. Habermas J. (1962), Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit. Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft, Neuwied: Luchterhand.
36. Habermas J. (1992), Faktizität und Geltung. Beiträge zur Diskurstheorie des Rechts und des demokratischen Rechtsstaats, Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp.
37. Habermas J. (1996), Die Einbeziehung des Anderen. Studien zur politischen Theories, Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp.
38. Habermas J. (2008), ‘Hat die Demokratie noch eine epistemische Dimension? Empirische Forschung und normative Theorie’, in J. Habermas, Ach Europa Kleine politische Schriften XI, Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp, pp. 138–191.
39. Hall P.A., Soskice D. (eds) (2001), Varieties of Capitalism. The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
40. Haltern U. (2007), Europarecht. Dogmatik im Kontext. 2. Auflage, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
41. Harlow C. (2002), Accountability in the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
42. Hemerijck A., Unger B., Visser J. (2000), ‘How small countries negotiate change. Twenty-five years of policy adjustment in Austria, the Netherlands, and Belgium’, in F.W. Scharpf and V.A. Schmidt (eds), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, Vol. II: Diverse Responses to Common Challenges, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 175–263.
43. Héritier A. (2003), ‘New modes of governance in Europe: increasing political capacity and policy effectiveness?’, in T.A. Boerzel and R.A. Cichowski (eds), The State of the European Union, Vol. 6: Law, Politics and Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 105–126.
44. Héritier A., Lehmkuhl D. (2008), ‘Introduction: the shadow of hierarchy and new modes of governance’, Journal of Public Policy 28(1): 1–17.
45. Herzog R., Gerken L. (2008), ‘stoppt den Europäischen Gerichtshof’, in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, September 8, 2008, p. 8.
46. Hix S. (2008), What's Wrong with the European Union and How to Fix It, Cambridge: Polity.
47. Hobbes T. (1986), Leviathan: or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil, New York: Collier Books.
48. Höffe O. (2002), Demokratie im Zeitalter der Globalisierung. Überarbeitete und aktualisierte Neuausgabe, München: C.H. Beck.
49. Höpner M., Schäfer A. (2007), A New Phase of European Integration: Organized Capitalism in Post-Ricardian Europe. MPIfG discussion paper 2007/4. Cologne: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
50. Höreth M. (2008), Die Selbstautorisierung des Agenten. Der Europäische Gerichtshof im Vergleich zum US Supreme Court, Baden-Baden: Nomos.
51. Joerges C., Ghaleigh N.S. (eds) (2003), Darker Legacies of Law in Europe. The Shadow of National Socialism and Fascism Over Europe and Its Legal Traditions, Oxford: Hart Publishing.
52. Kant I. (1961) (zuerst 1785), Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, Stuttgart: Reclam.
53. Kant I. (1966) (zuerst 1797), Metaphysik der Sitten. Einleitung in die Rechtslehre, Hamburg: Felix Meiner.
54. Kant I. (1992) (zuerst 1793), Über den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht für die Praxis, Hamburg: Felix Meiner.
55. Kohler-Koch B., Rittberger B. (2006), ‘Review article: The “Governance Turn” in EU studies’, Journal of Common Market Studies 44: 27–49.
56. Kramer L.D. (2004), The People Themselves. Popular Constitutionalism and Judicial Review, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
57. Kurzer P. (2001), Markets and Moral Regulation. Cultural Changes in the European Union, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
58. Lewis J. (2005), ‘The Janus face of Brussels: socialization and everyday decision making in the European Union’, International Organization 59(4): 937–971.
59. Lübbe-Wolff G. (2007), ‘Expropriation der Jurisprudenz?’, in C. Engel and W. Schön (Hg.), Das Proprium der Rechtswissenschaft, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, pp. 282–292.
60. Machiavelli N. (1966), Discorsi. Gedanken über Politik und Staatsführung, Stuttgart: Kröner.
61. MacIntyre A. (1984), After Virtue, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
62. MacIntyre A. (1988), Whose Justice? Which Rationality?, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press.
63. Mair P. (2008), ‘Popular democracy and the European Union polity’, in D. Curtin and A. Wille (eds), Meaning and Practice of Accountability in the EU Multi-Level Context, Connex report series no. 07, Mannheim: University of Mannheim, pp. 19–62.
64. Majone G. (ed.) (1996), ‘Regulatory legitimacy’, in Regulating Europe, London: Routledge, pp. 284–301.
65. Majone G. (1998), ‘Europe's “democratic deficit”: the question of standards’, European Law Journal 4: 5–28.
66. March J.G., Olsen J.P. (1989), Rediscovering Institutions. The Organizational Basis of Institutions, New York: Free Press.
67. Martinsen D. (2005), ‘The Europeanization of welfare. The domestic impact of Intra-European social security’, Journal of Common Market Studies 43(5): 1027–1054.
68. Martinsen D. (2009), ‘Extending health care regulation in the European Union – through law and evidence’, West European Politics (in press).
69. Martinsen D., Vrangbaek K. (2008), ‘The Europeanization of health care governance. Implementing the market imperatives of Europe’, Public Administration 86(1): 169–184.
70. Maskin E., Tirole J. (1999), ‘Unforeseen contingencies and incomplete contracts’, Review of Economic Studies 66(1): 83–114.
71. Mény Y., Surel Y. (eds) (2002), Democracies and the Populist Challenge, Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan.
72. Michelman F.I. (1989), ‘Conceptions of democracy in American constitutional argument: the case of pornography regulation’, Tennessee Law Review 56(2): 203–304.
73. Möllers C. (2008), Die drei Gewalten. Legitimation der Gewaltengliederung in Verfassungsstaat, Europäischer Integration und Internationalisierung, Göttingen: Velbrück Wissenschaft.
74. Moravcsik A. (1998), The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
75. Moravcsik A. (2002), ‘In defence of the democratic deficit: reassessing legitimacy in the European Union’, Journal of Common Market Studies 40(4): 603–624.
76. Moravcsik A., Sangiovanni A. (2003), ‘On democracy and “public interest” in the European integration’, in R. Mayntz and W. Streeck (eds), Die Reformierbarkeit der Demokratie. Innovationen und Blockaden, Frankfurt/M.: Campus, pp. 122–150.
77. Münch R. (2008a), Die Konstruktion der europäischen Gesellschaft. Zur Dialektik von transnationaler Integration und nationaler Desintegration, Frankfurt/M.: Campus.
78. Münch R. (2008b), ‘Constructing a European society by jurisdiction’, European Law Journal 14(5): 519–541.
79. Nicolaidis K., Howse R. (eds) (2003), The Federal Vision. Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the United States and the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
80. Nicolaïdis K., Schmidt S.K. (2007), ‘Mutual recognition “on trial”: the long road to services liberalization’, Journal of European Public Policy 14: 717–734.
81. Pateman C. (1985), The Problem of Political Obligation. A Critique of Liberal Theory, Berkeley: University of California Press.
82. Pitkin H.F. (1981), ‘Justice. In relating private and public’, Political Theory 9: 327–352.
83. Pocock J.G.A. (1975), The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
84. Pollak J. (2008), ‘Ist eine europäische Identität möglich? Warum wir lernen müssen, Zwiebeln zu lieben’, in C. Joerges, M. Mahlmann and U.K. Preuß (Hrsg.), Schmerzliche Erfahrungen der Vergangenheit’ und der Prozess der Konstitutionalisierung Europas, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag, pp. 63–80.
85. Preuss U.K. (1999), ‘National, supranational and international solidarity’, in K. Bayertz (ed.), Solidarity. Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture, Vol. 5, Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 281–292.
86. Rousseau J.-J. (1972/1959), Der Gesellschaftsvertrag. Oder die Grundsätze des Staatsrechts. In der verbesserten Übersetzung von H. Denhardt, Stuttgart: Reclam 1769/70.
87. Scharpf F.W. (1988), ‘The joint decision trap. Lessons from German federalism and European integration’, Public Administration 66(3): 239–278.
88. Scharpf F.W. (1997), Games Real Actors Play. Actor-Centered Institutionalism in Policy Research, Boulder: Westview.
89. Scharpf F.W. (1999), Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic?, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
90. Scharpf F.W. (2001), ‘Notes toward a theory of multilevel governing in Europe’, Scandinavian Political Studies 24(1): 1–26.
91. Scharpf F.W. (2008), ‘Community, diversity and autonomy: the challenges of reforming German federalism’, German Politics 17(4), 501–521.
92. Scharpf F.W., Schmidt V.A. (eds) (2000), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, Vol. 2, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
93. Schmidt V.A. (2004), ‘The European Union: democratic legitimacy in a regional state’, Journal of Common Market Studies 42(4): 975–999.
94. Schmidt V.A. (2006), Democracy in Europe: The EU and National Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
95. Schmidt S.K. (2007), ‘Mutual recognition as a new mode of governance’, Journal of European Public Policy 14: 667–681.
96. Skinner Q. (1998), Liberty before Liberalism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
97. Somek A. (2008), Individualism: An Essay on the Authority of the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
98. Taylor C. (1992), The Ethics of Authenticity, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
99. Tsebelis G. (2002), Veto Players. How Political Institutions Work, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
100. Weaver R.K. (1986), ‘The politics of blame avoidance’, Journal of Public Policy 6(4): 371–398.
101. Weiler J.H.H. (ed.) (1999a), ‘The autonomy of the community legal order. Through a looking glass’, in The Constitution of Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 286–323.
102. Weiler J.H.H. (1999b) (ed.) ‘To be a European citizen: eros and civilization’, in The Constitution of Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 324–357.
103. Weiler J.H.H. (2003), ‘In defence of the status quo. Europe's Constitutional Sonderweg’, in J.H.H. Weiler and M. Wind (eds), European Constitutionalism Beyond the State, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7–23.
104. Weiler J.H.H., Lockhart N.J.S. (1995), ‘Taking rights seriously. The European Court and its fundamental rights jurisprudence’, Common Market Law Review 32(1): 51–94 and (3): 579–627.
105. Wollenschläger F. (2007), Grundfreiheit ohne Markt. Die Herausbildung der Unionsbürgerschaft im unionsrechtlichen Freizügigkeitsregime, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
106. Zürn M., Joerges C. (eds) (2005), Law and Governance in Postnational Europe. Compliance Beyond the Nation-State, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.