Energy saving potential of emerging technologies in milk powder production

Trends in Food Science and Technology

Volumn 60, Issue , 2017, Pages 31-42

  Moejes, S N ^a   van Boxtel, A J B ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Air dehumidification; Energy consumption; Membrane distillation; Milk powder; Monodisperse droplet drying; Radio frequency heating

Indexed keywords

CHAINS; DISTILLATION; DROPS; DRYING; ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; HUMIDITY CONTROL; RADIO WAVES; RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES;

AIR DEHUMIDIFICATION; MEMBRANE DISTILLATION; MILK POWDER; MONODISPERSE DROPLET DRYING; RADIO FREQUENCY HEATING;

ENERGY UTILIZATION;

EID: 85006832839     PISSN: 09242244     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.023     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Abdel-Salam, A.H., Ge, G., Simonson, C.J., Performance analysis of a membrane liquid desiccant air-conditioning system. Energy and Buildings 62 (2013), 559–569 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778813001965.
2. Alves, V.D., Coelhoso, I.M., Orange juice concentration by osmotic evaporation and membrane distillation: A comparative study. Journal of Food Engineering 74:1 (2006), 125–133, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.02.019.
3. Atkins, M.J., Walmsley, M.R.W., Neale, J.R., Integrating heat recovery from milk powder spray dryer exhausts in the dairy industry. Applied Thermal Engineering 31:13 (2011), 2101–2106 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431111001384.
4. Awuah, G.B., Ramaswamy, H.S., Economides, A., Mallikarjunan, K., Inactivation of Escherichia coli K-12 and Listeria innocua in milk using radio frequency (RF) heating. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 6:4 (2005), 396–402, 10.1016/j.ifset.2005.06.002.
5. Bagger-Jørgensen, R., Meyer, A.S., Varming, C., Jonsson, G., Recovery of volatile aroma compounds from black currant juice by vacuum membrane distillation. Journal of Food Engineering 64:1 (2004), 23–31, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2003.09.009.
6. Baker, C.G.J., Handbook of food factory design. 2013, Springer New York, New York, NY, 10.1007/978-1-4614-7450-0.
7. Barbosa-Cánovas, G.V., Ortega-Rivas, E., Juliano, P., Yan, H., Food powders - physical properties, processing and functionality. 2005, Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers, Boston, MA, 10.1007/0-387-27613-0.
8. Bergero, S., Chiari, A., Experimental and theoretical analysis of air humidification/dehumidification processes using hydrophobic capillary contactors. Applied Thermal Engineering 21:11 (2001), 1119–1135, 10.1016/S1359-4311(00)00107-1.
9. Bhandari, B., Bansal, N., Zhang, M., Schuck, P., Handbook of food powders: Processes and properties. 2013, Woodhead, Cambridge Retrieved from http://edepot.wur.nl/277633.
10. van Boxtel, A.J.B., Boon, M.A., van Deventer, H.C., Bussmann, P.J.T., Zeolites for reducing drying energy usage. Tsotsas, E., Mujumdar, A.S., (eds.) Modern drying technology, Vol. 4, 2012, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 163–197 Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527631681.ch5/summary.
11. Brennan, J.G., Food dehydration: A dictionary and guide, Vol. 1997, 1997, CRC Press Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=ylDaVUHneSwC&pgis=1.
12. Brenn, G., Helpiö, T., Durst, F., A new apparatus for the production of monodisperse sprays at high flow rates. Chemical Engineering Science 52:2 (1997), 237–244, 10.1016/S0009-2509(96)00397-1.
13. Bussmann, P.J., Heijmans, R., Method for drying a product using a regenerative adsorbent. Google Patents, 2006, January 19 Retrieved from http://www.google.nl/patents/US20060010713?hl=nl&dq=bussmann+2002+drying+adsorbent.
14. Calabro, V., Jiao, B.L., Drioli, E., Theoretical and experimental study on membrane distillation in the concentration of orange juice. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 33:7 (1994), 1803–1808, 10.1021/ie00031a020.
15. Deventer, H.C., van, Houben, R.J., Koldeweij, R.B.J., New atomization nozzle for spray drying. Drying Technology 31 (2013), 891–897 Retrieved from http://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:e669c75e-a268-48a9-b8d4-fe7551594aa1.
16. Djaeni, M., Bartels, P., Sanders, J., van Straten, G., van Boxtel, A.J.B., Process integration for food drying with air dehumidified by zeolites. Drying Technology 25:1 (2007), 225–239, 10.1080/07373930601161096.
17. Dow, N., Gray, S., Li, J., Zhang, J., Ostarcevic, E., Liubinas, A., et al. Pilot trial of membrane distillation driven by low grade waste heat: Membrane fouling and energy assessment. Desalination 391 (2016), 30–42, 10.1016/j.desal.2016.01.023.
18. Drioli, E., Criscuoli, A., Curcio, E., Membrane Contactors: Fundamentals, applications and potentialities. Membrane Science and Technology (Book Series) 11 (2006), 1–502 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/09275193/11.
19. Duong, H.C., Duke, M., Gray, S., Cooper, P., Nghiem, L.D., Membrane scaling and prevention techniques during seawater desalination by air gap membrane distillation. Desalination 397 (2016), 92–100, 10.1016/j.desal.2016.06.025.
20. El-Bourawi, M.S., Ding, Z., Ma, R., Khayet, M., A framework for better understanding membrane distillation separation process. Journal of Membrane Science 285:1–2 (2006), 4–29, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.08.002.
21. European Commission, Integrated pollution prevention and control. Reference document on best available techniques in the food, drink and milk industries. 2006 Retrieved from http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/fdm_bref_0806.pdf.
22. European Commission, 2015 low-carbon economy. 2016 Retrieved August 2, 2016, from http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2050/index_en.htm.
23. Eurostat, Milk and milk product statistics. 2015 Retrieved August 2, 2016, from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Milk_and_milk_product_statistics.
24. Evans, J.A., Frozen food science and technology. Evans, J.A., (eds.) Frozen food science and technology, 2008, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK, 10.1002/9781444302325.
25. FAO. n.d. FAOSTAT. Retrieved February 12, 2014, from. http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/home/E.
26. Fellows, P.J.J., Food processing technology. 2009, Elsevier, 10.1533/9781845696344.3.581.
27. Filková, I., Huang, L.X., Mujumdar, A.S., Industrial spray drying systems. Mujumdar, A.S., (eds.) Handbook of industrial drying, 2006, Taylor & Francis Group, 215–256.
28. FMP Technology Gmbh, Monodisperse droplet generator for industrial & university research applications. Erlangen, Germany. 2011 Retrieved from http://www.pulpandpaper-technology.com/pulppaperadmin/upload/productspec_pdf/1383738982FMP brochure Monodisperse DropletGenerator.pdf.
29. Fu, N., Zhou, Z., Jones, T.B., Tan, T.T.Y., Wu, W.D., Lin, S.X., et al. Production of monodisperse epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) microparticles by spray drying for high antioxidant activity retention. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 413:1–2 (2011), 155–166, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.056.
30. Gabites, J.R., Abrahamson, J., Winchester, J.A., Fines loadings in milk powder plants with washable baghouses. Food and Bioproducts Processing 85:4 (2007), 315–321, 10.1205/fbp07064.
31. Gabites, J.R., Abrahamson, J., Winchester, J.A., Design of baghouses for fines collection in milk powder plants. Powder Technology 187:1 (2008), 46–52 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032591008000582.
32. Gandhidasan, P., A simplified model for air dehumidification with liquid desiccant. Solar Energy 76:4 (2004), 409–416, 10.1016/j.solener.2003.10.001.
33. GEA n.d.). Advanced processing equipment for sterilisation. Retrieved March 2, 2015, from http://www.gea-liquid.com/gealiquid/cmsdoc.nsf/WebDoc/webb8g3kkg.
34. GEA Niro. n.d.-a. Agglomeration of instant milk powders. Retrieved from. http://www.niro.com/NIRO/cmsdoc.nsf/webdoc/ndkw5y8gef.
35. GEA Niro. n.d.-b. Hot air system and hot air distribution. Retrieved March 10, 2014, from. http://www.niro.com/NIRO/cmsdoc.nsf/webdoc/ndkw5y7dt2.
36. GEA Westfalia. n.d. Cold Milk Separation with GEA Westfalia Separator pro cool Technology Leadership Solution engineering for a better world GEA Mechanical Equipment. Retrieved from. http://www.westfalia-separator.com/fileadmin/Media/PDFs/Brochures/procool-cold-milk-separation-DA-13-04-0017.pdf.
37. GEA Wiegand Gmbh. n.d. Evaporation technology using mechanical vapour recompression.
38. Golman, B., Julklang, W., Analysis of heat recovery from a spray dryer by recirculation of exhaust air. Energy Conversion and Management 88 (2014), 641–649, 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.09.012.
39. Grubler, A., Johansson, T.B., Mundaca, L., Nakicenovic, N., Pachauri, S., Riahi, K., et al. Chapter 1-Energy primer. Global energy assessment - toward a sustainable future, 2012, Cambridge University Press, Laxenburg, Austria, 99–150 Retrieved from http://www.iiasa.ac.at/web/home/research/Flagship-Projects/Global-Energy-Assessment/GEA_Chapter1_primer_hires.pdf.
40. Guillén-Burrieza, E., Zaragoza, G., Miralles-Cuevas, S., Blanco, J., Experimental evaluation of two pilot-scale membrane distillation modules used for solar desalination. Journal of Membrane Science 409 (2012), 264–275, 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.063.
41. Guillén-Gosálbez, G., Caballero, J.A., Jiménez, L., Application of life cycle assessment to the structural optimization of process flowsheets. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47:3 (2008), 777–789, 10.1021/ie070448+.
42. Hanemaaijer, J.H., van Medevoort, J., Jansen, A.E., Dotremont, C., van Sonsbeek, E., Yuan, T., De Ryck, L., Memstill membrane distillation – a future desalination technology. Desalination 199:1–3 (2006), 175–176, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.163.
43. Hausmann, A., Sanciolo, P., Vasiljevic, T., Kulozik, U., Duke, M., Performance assessment of membrane distillation for skim milk and whey processing. Journal of Dairy Science 97:1 (2014), 56–71 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030213007947.
44. Hausmann, A., Sanciolo, P., Vasiljevic, T., Ponnampalam, E., Quispe-Chavez, N., Weeks, M., et al. Direct contact membrane distillation of dairy process streams. Membranes 1:4 (2011), 48–58, 10.3390/membranes1010048.
45. Hausmann, A., Sanciolo, P., Vasiljevic, T., Weeks, M., Duke, M., Integration of membrane distillation into heat paths of industrial processes. Chemical Engineering Journal 211–212 (2012), 378–387, 10.1016/j.cej.2012.09.092.
46. Hausmann, A., Sanciolo, P., Vasiljevic, T., Weeks, M., Schroën, K., Gray, S., et al. Fouling mechanisms of dairy streams during membrane distillation. Journal of Membrane Science 441 (2013), 102–111 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738813002469.
47. Isetti, C., Nannei, E., Magrini, A., On the application of a membrane air—liquid contactor for air dehumidification. Energy and Buildings 25:3 (1997), 185–193, 10.1016/S0378-7788(96)00993-0.
48. Jain, S., Tripathi, S., Das, R.S., Experimental performance of a liquid desiccant dehumidification system under tropical climates. Energy Conversion and Management 52:6 (2011), 2461–2466, 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.12.052.
49. Jansik, C., Irz, X., Kuosmanen, N., Competitiveness of Northern European dairy chains. Helsinki. 2014 Retrieved from https://portal.mtt.fi/portal/page/portal/mtt/mtt/julkaisut/Dairy%20chain%20competitiveness%20MTT%202014%20final%20version.pdf.
50. de Jong, P., Sustainable dairy production. 2013, Oxford [etc.]: Wiley-Blackwell.
51. Kalogirou, S.A., The potential of solar industrial process heat applications. Applied Energy 76:4 (2003), 337–361, 10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00176-9.
52. Kalogirou, S.A., Solar thermal collectors and applications. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 30:3 (2004), 231–295, 10.1016/j.pecs.2004.02.001.
53. Kelly, P.M., Innovation in milk powder technology. International Journal of Dairy Technology 59:2 (2006), 70–75, 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2006.00251.x.
54. Kessler, H.G., Food engineering and dairy technology. 1981, Kessler, Germany: Freising.
55. Kneifel, K., Nowak, S., Albrecht, W., Hilke, R., Just, R., Peinemann, K., Hollow fiber membrane contactor for air humidity control: Modules and membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 276:1–2 (2006), 241–251, 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.09.052.
56. Koltuniewicz, A., Noworyta, A., Dynamic properties of ultrafiltration systems in light of the surface renewal theory. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 33:7 (1994), 1771–1779, 10.1021/ie00031a016.
57. Koschikowski, J., Wieghaus, M., Rommel, M., Ortin, V.S., Suarez, B.P., Betancort Rodríguez, J.R., Experimental investigations on solar driven stand-alone membrane distillation systems for remote areas. Desalination 248:1 (2009), 125–131, 10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.047.
58. Kosmodem'yanskii, Y.V., Fokin, A.P., Planovskii, A.N., Effect of droplet size distribution on spray drying kinetics. Journal of Engineering Physics 14:1 (1968), 19–22, 10.1007/BF00826966.
59. Kudra, T., Voort, F.R., Raghavan, G.S.V., Ramaswamy, H.S., Heating characteristics of milk constituents in a microwave pasteurization system. Journal of Food Science 56:4 (1991), 931–934, 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb14608.x.
60. Kuipers, N., van Leerdam, R., van Medevoort, J., van Tongeren, W., Verhasselt, B., Verelst, L., et al. Techno-economic assessment of boiler feed water production by membrane distillation with reuse of thermal waste energy from cooling water. Desalination and Water Treatment 3994:September (2014), 1–13, 10.1080/19443994.2014.946722.
61. Laganà, F., Barbieri, G., Drioli, E., Direct contact membrane distillation: Modelling and concentration experiments. Journal of Membrane Science 166:1 (2000), 1–11 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738899002343.
62. Lauterbach, C., Schmitt, B., Jordan, U., Vajen, K., The potential of solar heat for industrial processes in Germany. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16:7 (2012), 5121–5130, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.032.
63. Lawson, K.W., Lloyd, D.R., Membrane distillation. Journal of Membrane Science 124:1 (1997), 1–25 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738896002360.
64. Li, J.-L., Chen, B.-H., Review of CO2 absorption using chemical solvents in hollow fiber membrane contactors. Separation and Purification Technology 41:2 (2005), 109–122, 10.1016/j.seppur.2004.09.008.
65. Liu, W., Duo Wu, W., Selomulya, C., Chen, X.D., Spray drying of monodispersed microencapsulates: Implications of formulation and process parameters on microstructural properties and controlled release functionality. Journal of Microencapsulation 29:7 (2012), 677–684, 10.3109/02652048.2012.680510.
66. Mar Camacho, L., Dumée, L., Zhang, J., De Li, J., Duke, M., Gomez, J., et al. Advances in membrane distillation for water desalination and purification applications. Water 5:1 (2013), 94–196, 10.3390/w5010094.
67. Marra, F., Zhang, L., Lyng, J.G., Radio frequency treatment of foods: Review of recent advances. Journal of Food Engineering 91:4 (2009), 497–508, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.10.015.
68. Membrane System Specialists Inc. n.d., Mss - reverse osmosis. Retrieved from, http://www.mssincorporated.com/reverseosmosis.htm.
69. Moejes, S., Romero Guzmán, M.J., Hanemaaijer, J.H., Barrera, K.H., Feenstra, L., van Boxtel, A.J.B., Membrane distillation for milk concentration. EFFoST 2015. Athens, 2015.
70. Mujumdar, A.S., 3rd ed. Mujumdar, A.S., (eds.) Handbook of industrial drying, Vol. 2006, 2007, CRC/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL [etc.] Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=uKOGg1vk61MC&pgis=1.
71. Nene, S., Kaur, S., Sumod, K., Joshi, B., Raghavarao, K.S.M.S., Membrane distillation for the concentration of raw cane-sugar syrup and membrane clarified sugarcane juice. Desalination 147:1–3 (2002), 157–160, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00604-5.
72. Okos, M., Rao, N., Drecher, S., Rode, M., Kozak, J., Energy usage in the food industry: A study. Washington D.C. 1998 Retrieved from http://www.aceee.org/research-report/ie981.
73. Patel, B.B., Patel, J.K., Chakraborty, S., Review of patents and application of spray drying in pharmaceutical, food and flavor industry. Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation 8:1 (2014), 63–78 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24720661.
74. Patil, K.R., Tripathi, A.D., Pathak, G., Katti, S.S., Thermodynamic properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions. 1. Vapor pressure of aqueous solutions of lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and lithium iodide. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 35:2 (1990), 166–168, 10.1021/je00060a020.
75. Pepper, D., Orchard, A.C.J., Improvements in the concentration of whey and milk by reverse osmosis. International Journal of Dairy Technology 35:2 (1982), 49–53, 10.1111/j.1471-0307.1982.tb02712.x.
76. Piyasena, P., Dussault, C., Koutchma, T., Ramaswamy, H.S., Awuah, G.B., Radio frequency heating of foods: Principles, applications and related properties–a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 43:6 (2003), 587–606, 10.1080/10408690390251129.
77. Poelarends, J., Slaghuis, B., de Koning, K., Mogelijkheden van indikken van melk op de boerderij = Possibilities of concentrating milk on-farm. 2009, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Lelystad Retrieved from http://edepot.wur.nl/16370.
78. Ramírez, C.A., Patel, M., Blok, K., From fluid milk to milk powder: Energy use and energy efficiency in the European dairy industry. Energy 31:12 (2006), 1984–2004 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544205001945.
79. Rogers, S., Fang, Y., Lin, Qi, X, S., Selomulya, C., Dong Chen, X., A monodisperse spray dryer for milk powder: Modelling the formation of insoluble material. Chemical Engineering Science 71 (2012), 75–84, 10.1016/j.ces.2011.11.041.
80. Schofield, R.W., Fane, A.G., Fell, C.J.D., Macoun, R., Factors affecting flux in membrane distillation. Desalination 77 (1990), 279–294, 10.1016/0011-9164(90)85030-E.
81. Schuck, P., Spray drying of dairy products: State of the art. Le Lait 82:4 (2002), 375–382, 10.1051/lait:2002017.
82. Schweiger, H., Farinha Mendes, J., Benz, N., Hennecke, K., Prieto, G., Cusí, M., et al. The potential of solar heat in industrial processes. A state of the art review for Spain and Portugal. Eurosun. Copenhagen, 2000 Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/224797195_The_Potential_of_Solar_Heat_in_Industrial_Processes._A_State_of_the_Art_Review_for_Spain_and_Portugal.
83. Schweiger, H., Mendes, J.F., Schwenk, C., Hennecke, K., Barquero, C.G., Sarvisé, A.M.I., et al. Poship the potential of solar heat for industrial processes. (Final Report. Barcelona), 1999.
84. Singh, R.P., Heldman, D.R., Singh, R.P., Heldman, D.R., (eds.) Introduction to food engineering, 5th ed., 2014, Academic Press, San Diego Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780123985309.
85. SPX, Apv SepStream system. 2012 Retrieved from http://www.spx.com/en/assets/pdf/SepStream_RO_6508_05_04_2012_GB.pdf.
86. Srivastava, N.C., Eames, I.W., A review of adsorbents and adsorbates in solid–vapour adsorption heat pump systems. Applied Thermal Engineering 18:9–10 (1998), 707–714, 10.1016/S1359-4311(97)00106-3.
87. Tian, Y., Zhao, C.Y., A review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage in solar thermal applications. Applied Energy 104 (2013), 538–553, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.051.
88. Tijing, L.D., Choi, J.-S., Lee, S., Kim, S.-H., Shon, H.K., Recent progress of membrane distillation using electrospun nanofibrous membrane. Journal of Membrane Science 453 (2014), 435–462 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738813009150.
89. U.S. Dairy Export Council. n.d., Production and quality. Arlington, USA, Retrieved from, http://www.usdec.org/files/pdfs/USMP15-22.pdf.
90. Vannoni, C., Battisti, R., Drigo, S., Potential of solar heat in idustrial processes. Report within IEA SHC Task 33/IV. Madrid, 2008 Retrieved from http://www.iea-shc.org/data/sites/1/publications/task33-Potential_for_Solar_Heat_in_Industrial_Processes.pdf.
91. Walker, M.E., Lv, Z., Masanet, E., Industrial steam systems and the energy-water nexus. Environmental Science & Technology 47:22 (2013), 13060–13067, 10.1021/es403715z.
92. Walmsley, T.G., Walmsley, M.R.W., Atkins, M.J., Neale, J.R., Improving energy recovery in milk powder production through soft data optimisation. Applied Thermal Engineering 61:1 (2013), 80–87 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431113001890.
93. Walstra, P., Geurts, T.J., Noomen, A., Jellema, A., van Boekel, M.A.J.S., Dairy Technology: Principles of milk. Properties and processes. 1999, Marcel Dekker inc., New York.
94. Wang, L., Energy efficiency and management in food processing facilities. 2008, CRC Press Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=JiqjUeGC-AIC&pgis=1.
95. Wang, P., Chung, T.-S., Recent advances in membrane distillation processes: Membrane development, configuration design and application exploring. Journal of Membrane Science 474 (2015), 39–56, 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.09.016.
96. Westergaard, V., Milk powder technology - evaporation and spray drying. 2004.
97. Wu, W.D., Patel, K.C., Rogers, S., Chen, X.D., Monodisperse droplet generators as potential atomizers for spray drying technology. Drying Technology 25:12 (2007), 1907–1916, 10.1080/07373930701727176.
98. Xu, T., Flapper, J., Reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from global dairy processing facilities. Energy Policy 39:1 (2011), 234–247 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510007238.
99. Yang, B., Yuan, W., Gao, F., Guo, B., A review of membrane-based air dehumidification. Indoor and Built Environment 24:1 (2013), 11–26, 10.1177/1420326X13500294.