Association between traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder: Results from the ESEMeD-Spain study

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 172-183

  Olaya, Beatriz ^a   Alonso, J ^b,c,d   Atwoli, L ^e,f   Kessler, R C ^g   Vilagut, G ^b,c   Haro, J M ^a,h  

^a CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED DE SALUD MENTAL CIBERSAM   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL DEL MAR   (Spain)

^c CIBER EPIDEMIOLOGÍA Y SALUD PÚBLICA CIBERESP   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRA   (Spain)

^e MOI UNIVERSITY   (Kenya)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^g HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; post traumatic stress disorder; PTSD burden; traumatic event

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEATH; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EUROPEAN STUDY OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INJURY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIAGE; MENTAL DISEASE ASSESSMENT; MIDDLE AGED; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL ASSAULT; SPAIN; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 84988227310     PISSN: 20457960     EISSN: 20457979     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S2045796014000092     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ahmed AS (2007). Post-traumatic stress disorder, resilience and vulnerability. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 13, 369-375.
2. Alonso J, Angermeyer MC, Bernert S, Bruffaerts R, Brugha TS, Bryson H, de Girolamo G, Graaf R, Demyttenaere K, Gasquet I, Haro JM, Katz SJ, Kessler RC, Kovess V, Lepine JP, Ormel J, Polidori G, Russo LJ, Vilagut G, Almansa J, Arbabzadeh-Bouchez S, Autonell J, Bernal M, Buist-Bouwman MA, Codony M, Domingo-Salvany A, Ferrer M, Joo SS, Martinez-Alonso M, Matschinger H, Mazzi F, Morgan Z, Morosini P, Palacin C, Romera B, Taub N, Vollebergh WA, ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators, European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) Project (2004). Sampling and methods of the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum 420, 8-20.
3. Alonso J, Lepine JP, ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Scientific Committee (2007). Overview of key data from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 68(Suppl. 2), 3-9.
4. Amaddeo F, Tansella M (2012). Mental health, natural and man-made disasters: lessons learnt and future needs. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 21, 1-5.
5. Baker CK, Norris FH, Diaz DM, Perilla JL, Murphy AD, Hill EG (2005). Violence and PTSD in Mexico: gender and regional differences. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40, 519-528.
6. Breslau N, Davis G (1992). Posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults: risk factors for chronicity. American Journal of Psychiatry 152, 529-539.
7. Breslau N, Kessler RC (2001). The stressor criterion in DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder: an empirical investigation. Biological Psychiatry 50, 699-704.
8. Breslau N, Kessler RC, Chilcoat HD, Schultz LR, Davis GC, Andreski P (1998). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry 55, 626-632.
9. Breslau N, Chilcoat HD, Kessler RC, Davis GC (1999). Previous exposure to trauma and PTSD effects of subsequent trauma: results from the Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry 156, 902-907.
10. Breslau N, Peterson EL, Poisson LM, Schultz LR, Lucia VC (2004). Estimating post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: lifetime perspective and the impact of typical traumatic events. Psychological Medicine 34, 889-898.
11. Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68, 748-766.
12. Brom D, Kleber RJ, Hofman MC (1993). Victims of traffic accidents: incidence and prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology 49, 131-140.
13. Bronner MB, Peek N, Vries M, Bronner AE, Last BF, Grootenhuis MA (2009). A community-based survey of posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands. Journal of Traumatic Stress 22, 74-78.
14. Carey PD, Stein DJ, Zungu-Dirwayi N, Seedat S (2003). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban Xhosa primary care population: prevalence, comorbidity, and service use patterns. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 191, 230-236.
15. Creamer M, Burgess P, McFarlane AC (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder: findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being. Psychological Medicine 31, 1237-1247.
16. Cusack K, Falsetti S, Arellano M (2003). Gender considerations in psychometric assessment. In Gender and PTSD (ed. R Kimerling, P Ouimette and J Wolfe), pp. 150-176. Guilford Press: New York.
17. Investigators (2008). Main traumatic events in Europe: PTSD in the European study of the epidemiology of mental disorders survey. Journal of Traumatic Stress 21, 455-462.
18. Feldner MT, Monson CM, Friedman MJ (2007). A critical analysis of approaches to targeted PTSD prevention: current status and theoretically derived future directions. Behavior Modification 31, 80-116.
19. Frans O, Rimmo PA, Aberg L, Fredrikson M (2005). Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 111, 291-299.
20. Hardt J, Rutter M (2004). Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: review of the evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines 45, 260-273.
21. Haro JM, Palacin C, Vilagut G, Romera B, Codony M, Autonell J, Ferrer M, Ramos J, Kessler R, Alonso J (2003). Epidemiology of mental disorders in Spain: methods and participation in the ESEMeD-Spain project. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatria 31, 182-191.
22. Haro JM, Arbabzadeh-Bouchez S, Brugha TS, de Girolamo G, Guyer ME, Jin R, Lepine JP, Mazzi F, Reneses B, Vilagut G, Sampson NA, Kessler RC (2006). Concordance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) with standardized clinical assessments in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 15, 167-180.
23. Hatch SL, Dohrenwend BP (2007). Distribution of traumatic and other stressful life events by race/ethnicity, gender, SES and age: a review of the research. American Journal of Community Psychology 40, 313-332.
24. Hepp U, Gamma A, Milos G, Eich D, Ajdacic-Gross V, Rössler W, Angst J, Schnyder U (2006). Inconsistency in reporting potentially traumatic events. British Journal of Psychiatry 188, 278-283.
25. Hinton DE, Lewis-Fernandez R (2011). The cross-cultural validity of posttraumatic stress disorder: implications for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety 28, 783-801.
26. Holbrook TL, Hoyt DB, Stein MB, Sieber WJ (2002). Gender differences in long-term posttraumatic stress disorder outcomes after major trauma: women are at higher risk of adverse outcomes than men. Journal of Trauma 53, 882-888.
27. Hollifield M, Warner TD, Jenkins J, Sinclair-Lian N, Krakow B, Eckert V, Karadaghi P, Westermeyer J (2006). Assessing war trauma in refugees: properties of the Comprehensive Trauma Inventory-104. Journal of Traumatic Stress 19, 527-540.
28. Jeon W, Hong C, Lee C, Kim DK, Han M, Min S (2005). Correlation between traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder among North Korean defectors in South Korea. Journal of Traumatic Stress 18, 147-154.
29. Kessler RC, Ustun TB (2004). The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 13, 93-121.
30. Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 52, 1048-1060.
31. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 62, 617-627.
32. López-Ibor JJ (1942). Neurosis de guerra. Científico-Técnica: Madrid.
33. Mladovsky P, Allin S, Masseria C, Hernández-Quevedo C, McDaid D, Mossialos E (2009). Health in the European Union: Trends and Analysis. World Health Organization on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies: Copenhagen.
34. Norris FH, Foster JD, Weisshaar DL (2003a). The epidemiology of sex differences in PTSD across developmental, societal, and research contexts. In Gender and PTSD (ed. R Kimerling, P Ouimette and J Wolfe), pp. 3-42. Guilford Press: New York.
35. Norris FH, Murphy AD, Baker CK, Perilla JL, Rodriguez FG, Rodriguez Jde J (2003b). Epidemiology of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in Mexico. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 112, 646-656.
36. Perkonigg A, Kessler RC, Storz S, Wittchen HU (2000). Traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: prevalence, risk factors and comorbidity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 101, 46-59.
37. Pimlott-Kubiak S, Cortina L (2003). Gender, victimization, and outcomes: reconceptualizing risk. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71, 528-539.
38. Pinto-Meza A, Haro JM, Palacin C, Torres JV, Ochoa S, Vilagut G, Martinez-Alonso M, Codony M, Alonso J (2007). The impact of mood and anxiety disorders, and physical chronic conditions in the quality of life of general population of Spain. Results of the ESEMeD-Spain study. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatria 35(Suppl 2), 12-20.
39. Porter S, Peace KA (2007). The scars of memory: a prospective, longitudinal investigation of the consistency of traumatic and positive emotional memories in adulthood. Psychological Science 18, 435-441.
40. Resnick HS, Kilpatrick DG, Dansky BS, Saunders BE, Best CL (1993). Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61, 984-991.
41. Rothschild B (2000). The Body Remembers: The Psychophysiology of Trauma and Trauma Treatment. Norton: New York.
42. Sabin M, Lopes Cardozo B, Nackerud L, Kaiser R, Varese L (2003). Factors associated with poor mental health among Guatemalan refugees living in Mexico 20 years after civil conflict. Journal of the American Medical Association 290, 635-642.
43. Saxe G, Wolfe J (1999). Gender and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (ed. P Saigh and J Bremner), pp. 160-179. Allyn and Bacon: Boston.
44. Sederer LI (2012). Are human disasters different? Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 21, 23-25.
45. Stein MB, Walker JR, Forde DR (2000). Gender differences in susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 38, 619-628.
46. SUDAAN 9.0.2 (2005). Professional Software for Survey Data Analysis. Research Triangle Institute: Research Triangle Parc, NC.
47. Villasante O (2010). War neurosis during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). History of Psychiatry 21, 424-435.
48. Weathers FW, Keane TM (2007). The Criterion A problem revisited: controversies and challenges in defining and measuring psychological trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress 20, 107-121.
49. Wolter KM (1985). Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer-Verlag: New York.
50. World Health Organization (2007). Rape: How women, the community and the health sector respond. Retrieved 18 February 2013 from http://www.svri.org/rape.pdf.