Meta-analyses of the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and mental health-related outcomes

Journal of Counseling Psychology

Volumn 64, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 80-93

  Wong, Y Joel ^a   Ho, Moon Ho Ringo ^b   Wang, Shu Yi ^a   Miller, I S Keino ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Conformity to masculine norms; Masculinities; Mental health; Meta analysis

Indexed keywords

FEMALE; HUMAN; MASCULINITY; MENTAL HEALTH; META ANALYSIS; PSYCINFO; SCIENTIST; SOCIAL INTERACTION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MASCULINITY; MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL CONFORMITY; SOCIAL VALUES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85000981877     PISSN: 00220167     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/cou0000176     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Addis, M. E., Mansfield, A. K., & Syzdek, M. R. (2010). Is "masculinity" a problem? Framing the effects of gendered social learning in men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11, 77-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0018602
2. Addis, M. E., Reigeluth, C. S., & Schwab, J. R. (2016). Social norms, social construction, and the psychology of men and masculinity. In Y. J. Wong & S. R. Wester (Eds.), APA handbook of men and masculinities (pp. 81-104). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14594-004
3. Alfred, G. C. (2011). Masculinity, hardiness, and psychological wellbeing in male student veterans (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3515801)
4. Berger, J. L., Addis, M. E., Green, J. D., Mackowiak, C., & Goldberg, V. (2013). Men's reactions to mental health labels, forms of help-seeking, and sources of help-seeking advice. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 14, 433-443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030175
5. Berger, J. L., Addis, M. E., Reilly, E. D., Syzdek, M. R., & Green, J. D. (2012). Effects of gender, diagnostic labels, and causal theories on willingness to report symptoms of depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31, 439-457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2012.31.5.439
6. Bishara, A. J., & Hittner, J. B. (2012). Testing the significance of a correlation with nonnormal data: Comparison of Pearson, Spearman, transformation, and resampling approaches. Psychological Methods, 17, 399-417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028087
7. Boman, E. K., & Walker, G. A. (2010). Predictors of men's health care utilization. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11, 113-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018461
8. Brabete, A. C., & Sánchez-López, M. P. (2012). How does the gender influence people's health? Data of a sample of Romanian people living in Spain. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33, 148-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.101
9. Brabete, A. C., Sánchez-López, M. P., Cuéllar-Flores, I., & Rivas-Diez, R. (2013). The impact of gender norms on alcohol and tobacco use at Romanians. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, 230-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.285
10. Burns, S. M., Boyd, B. L., Hill, J., & Hough, S. (2010). Psychosocial predictors of employment status among men living with spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55, 81-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0018583
11. Burns, S. M., Hough, S., Boyd, B. L., & Hill, J. (2009). Sexual desire and depression following spinal cord injury: Masculine sexual prowess as a moderator. Sex Roles, 61, 120-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9615-7
12. Burns, S. M., Hough, S., Boyd, B. L., & Hill, J. (2010). Men's adjustment to spinal cord injury: The unique contributions of conformity to masculine gender norms. American Journal of Men's Health, 4, 157-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988309332690
13. Burns, S. M., & Mahalik, J. R. (2006). Physical health, self-reliance, and emotional control as moderators of the relationship between locus of control and mental health among men treated for prostate cancer. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 561-572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s10865-006-9076-1
14. Burns, S. M., & Mahalik, J. R. (2008). Sexual functioning as a moderator of the relationship between masculinity and men's adjustment following treatment for prostate cancer. American Journal of Men's Health, 2, 6-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988307304325
15. Burn, S. M., & Ward, A. Z. (2005). Men's conformity to traditional masculinity and relationship satisfaction. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 254-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.6.4.254
16. Campbell, L. C., Keefe, F. J., McKee, D. C., Waters, S. J., & Moul, J. W. (2012). Masculinity beliefs predict psychosocial functioning in African American prostate cancer survivors. American Journal of Men's Health, 6, 400-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312450185
17. Chitkara, A. (2011). Heterosexual male's attitudes and experiences of help seeking for dating violence (Master's thesis). New Platz, NY: SUNY College at New Paltz. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1951/ 52169
18. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Cole, B. P. (2013). An exploration of men's attitudes regarding depression and help-seeking (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3558850)
20. Cooper, H. M. (2017). Research synthesis and meta-analysis: A step-bystep approach (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
21. Cummings, J. R. (2014). Contextual socioeconomic status and mental health counseling use among US adolescents with depression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1151-1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s10964-013-0021-7
22. Dik, B. J., Byrne, Z. S., & Steger, M. F. (Eds.). (2013). Purpose and meaning in the workplace. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14183-000
23. Easton, S. D., Coohey, C., Rhodes, A. M., & Moorthy, M. V. (2013). Posttraumatic growth among men with histories of child sexual abuse. Child Maltreatment, 18, 211-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 1077559513503037
24. Ferns, T. J. (2006). Examining coping styles, instrumental support and partners' conformity to masculine gender roles as predictors of working mothers' well-being (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3238825)
25. Fu, R., Gartlehner, G., Grant, M., Shamliyan, T., Sedrakyan, A., Wilt, T. J., ... Trikalinos, T. A. (2011). Conducting quantitative synthesis when comparing medical interventions: AHRQ and the Effective Health Care Program. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 64, 1187-1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.08.010
26. Gillespie, J. B. (2013). The impact of gender role conformity, ethnic identity, and relational aggression on psychological distress among African-American undergraduates (Doctoral dissertation). Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/ 6396
27. Good, G. E., Schopp, L. H., Thomson, D., Hathaway, S. L., Mazurek, M. O., & Sanford-Martens, T. C. (2008). Men with serious injuries: Relations among masculinity, age, and alcohol use. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53, 39-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.53.1.39
28. Good, G. E., Schopp, L. H., Thomson, D., Hathaway, S., Sanford- Martens, T., Mazurek, M. O., & Mintz, L. B. (2006). Masculine roles and rehabilitation outcomes among men recovering from serious injuries. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 7, 165-176. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/1524-9220.7.3.165
29. Gordon, D. M., Hawes, S. W., Perez-Cabello, M. A., Brabham-Hollis, T., Lanza, A. S., & Dyson, W. J. (2013). Examining masculine norms and peer support within a sample of incarcerated African-American males. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 14, 59-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0028780
30. Graef, S. T., Tokar, D. M., & Kaut, K. P. (2010). Relations of masculinity ideology, conformity to masculine role norms, and masculine gender role conflict to men's attitudes toward and willingness to seek career counseling. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11, 319-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019383
31. Green, J. D., & Addis, M. E. (2012). Individual differences in masculine gender socialization as predictive of men's psychophysiological responses to negative affect. International Journal of Men's Health, 11, 63-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.1101.63
32. Greenberg, S. T., Shepard, S. J., Chuick, C. D., & Cochran, S. V. (2009). Clinical and personality features of depressed college males: An exploratory investigation. International Journal of Men's Health, 8, 169-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0802_169
33. Hamilton, C. J. (2011). Determinants of gay men's identity and outness: Examining the roles of minority stress, masculinity, childhood gender behavior, social support and socioeconomic status (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3466620)
34. Hamilton, C. J., & Mahalik, J. R. (2009). Minority stress, masculinity, and social norms predicting gay men's health risk behaviors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 132-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0014440
35. Hammer, J. H., & Good, G. E. (2010). Positive psychology: An empirical examination of beneficial aspects of endorsement of masculine norms. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11, 303-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019056
36. Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal, 327, 557-560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
37. Iwamoto, D. K., Cheng, A., Lee, C. S., Takamatsu, S., & Gordon, D. (2011). "Man-ing" up and getting drunk: The role of masculine norms, alcohol intoxication and alcohol-related problems among college men. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 906-911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.04.005
38. Iwamoto, D. K., Gordon, D., Oliveros, A., Perez-Cabello, A., Brabham, T., Lanza, S., & Dyson, W. (2012). The role of masculine norms and informal support on mental health in incarcerated men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 13, 283-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025522
39. Iwamoto, D. K., Liao, L., & Liu, W. M. (2010). Masculine norms, avoidant coping, Asian values, and depression among Asian American men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11, 15-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017874
40. Iwamoto, D. K., & Smiler, A. P. (2013). Alcohol makes you macho and helps you make friends: The role of masculine norms and peer pressure in adolescent boys' and girls' alcohol use. Substance Use & Misuse, 48, 371-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.765479
41. Keyes, C. L. M. (2005). Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 539-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539
42. Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. American Psychologist, 62, 95-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95
43. Kimmel, S. B., & Mahalik, J. R. (2004). Measuring masculine body ideal distress: Development of a measure. International Journal of Men's Health, 3, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0301.1
44. Kimmel, S. B., & Mahalik, J. R. (2005). Body image concerns of gay men: The roles of minority stress and conformity to masculine norms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1185-1190. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.6.1185
45. Kivisalu, T. M., King, C., Phillips, C. E., & O'Toole, S. K. (2015). Reliability generalization of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI). Race, Gender, & Class, 22, 173-188.
46. Levant, R. F., Hall, R. J., Weigold, I. K., & McCurdy, E. R. (2015). Construct distinctiveness and variance composition of multidimensional instruments: Three short-form masculinity measures. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62, 488-502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ cou0000092
47. Levant, R. F., Wimer, D. J., & Williams, C. M. (2011). An evaluation of the Health Behavior Inventory-20 (HBI-20) and its relationships to masculinity and attitudes towards seeking psychological help among college men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12, 26-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021014
48. Levant, R. F., Wimer, D. J., Williams, C. M., Smalley, K. B., & Noronha, D. (2009). The relationships between masculinity variables, health risk behaviors and attitudes toward seeking psychological help. International Journal of Men's Health, 8, 3-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0801.3
49. Levant, R. F., & Wong, Y. J. (2013). Race and gender as moderators of the relationship between the endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology and alexithymia: An intersectional perspective. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 14, 329-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029551
50. Levant, R. F., Wong, Y. J., Karakis, E., & Welsh, M. (2015). Mediated moderation of the relationship between the endorsement of restrictive emotionality and alexithymia. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 16, 459-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039739
51. Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
52. Liu, W. M., & Iwamoto, D. K. (2007). Conformity to masculine norms, Asian values, coping strategies, peer group influences and substance use among Asian American men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8, 25-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.8.1.25
53. Locke, B. D., & Mahalik, J. R. (2005). Examining masculinity norms, problem drinking, and athletic involvement as predictors of sexual aggression in college men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 279-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.279
54. Lupton, D., & Tulloch, J. (2002). "Life would be pretty dull without risk": Voluntary risk-taking and its pleasures. Health, Risk & Society, 4, 113-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698570220137015
55. MacNamara, M. M. (2010). Interpersonal problems, attachment, and personality as predictors of response to an empathy-based rape prevention intervention for men (Doctoral dissertation). University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee. Retrieved from http://trace.tennessee.edu/ utk_graddiss/822/
56. Magovcevic, M., & Addis, M. E. (2008). The Masculine Depression Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 9, 117-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.9.3.117
57. Mahalik, J. R., Lagan, H. D., & Morrison, J. A. (2006). Health behaviors and masculinity in Kenyan and U.S. male college students. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 7, 191-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.7.4.191
58. Mahalik, J. R., Locke, B. D., Ludlow, L. H., Diemer, M. A., Scott, R. P., Gottfried, M., & Freitas, G. (2003). Development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 4, 3-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.4.1.3
59. Mahalik, J. R., Pierre, M. R., & Wan, S. S. (2006). Examining racial identity and masculinity as correlates of self-esteem and psychological distress in black men. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 34, 94-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2006.tb00030.x
60. Mahalik, J. R., & Rochlen, A. B. (2006). Men's likely responses to clinical depression: What are they and do masculinity norms predict them? Sex Roles, 55, 659-667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9121-0
61. Mahalik, J. R., Talmadge, W. T., Locke, B. D., & Scott, R. P. (2005). Using the conformity to masculine norms inventory to work with men in a clinical setting. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61, 661-674. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20101
62. Mansfield, A. K., Addis, M. E., Cordova, J. V., & Dowd, L. (2009). Emotional skillfulness as a key mediator of aggression. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 18, 221-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926770902809811
63. McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22, 276-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/BM.2012.031
64. McKelley, R. A., & Rochlen, A. B. (2010). Conformity to masculine norms and preferences for therapy or executive coaching. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017224
65. McNulty, J. K., & Fincham, F. D. (2012). Beyond positive psychology? Toward a contextual view of psychological processes and well-being. American Psychologist, 67, 101-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0024572
66. Meyers, N. M. (2012). The effect of traditional masculine gender role adherence on community reintegration following traumatic brain injury in military veterans (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3516983)
67. Mitchell, D. (2012). Influences in the platonic same-sex friendships of heterosexual Black males (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Pro- Quest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3536223)
68. Morrison, J. A. (2012). Masculinity moderates the relationship between symptoms of PTSD and cardiac-related health behaviors in male veterans. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 13, 158-165. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/a0024186
69. Murray, S. B., Rieger, E., Karlov, L., & Touyz, S. W. (2013). Masculinity and femininity in the divergence of male body image concerns. Journal of Eating Disorders, 1, 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-11
70. O'Neil, J. M. (2008). Summarizing 25 years of research on men's gender role conflict using the gender role conflict scale new research paradigms and clinical implications. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 358-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000008317057
71. O'Neil, J. M. (2012). The psychology of men: Theory, research, clinical knowledge, and future directions. In E. Altmaier & J. Hansen (Eds.), Oxford handbook of counseling psychology (pp. 375-408). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
72. Owen, J. (2011). Assessing the factor structures of the 55- and 22-item versions of the conformity to masculine norms inventory. American Journal of Men's Health, 5, 118-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 1557988310363817
73. Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3-72. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3
74. Parent, M. C., & Moradi, B. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory and development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 10, 175-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015481
75. Parent, M. C., & Moradi, B. (2011). An abbreviated tool for assessing conformity to masculine norms: Psychometric properties of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12, 339-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021904
76. Parent, M. C., Moradi, B., Rummell, C. M., & Tokar, D. M. (2011). Evidence of construct distinctiveness for conformity to masculine norms. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12, 354-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023837
77. Pino, M. (2011). Effects of exposure to objectified images of males and females on college males' sexual self-esteem (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3460540)
78. Quintana, S. M., & Minami, T. (2006). Guidelines for meta-analyses of counseling psychology research. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 839-877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286991
79. Rankin, Z. J. (2013). Conformity to masculine norms, gender role conflict and relationship satisfaction in inter-male friendships (Master's thesis). Arcata, CA: Humboldt State University. Retrieved from http:// scholarworks.calstate.edu/bitstream/handle/2148/1540/Rankin_ Zachary_J_Sp2013.pdf;sequence1.
80. Rice, S. M., Fallon, B. J., Aucote, H. M., & Möller-Leimkühler, A. M. (2013). Development and preliminary validation of the male depression risk scale: Furthering the assessment of depression in men. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151, 950-958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.013
81. Rice, S., Fallon, B., & Bambling, M. (2011). Men and depression: The impact of masculine role norms throughout the lifespan. The Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 28, 133-144. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1375/aedp.28.2.133
82. Rochlen, A. B., McKelley, R. A., Suizzo, M. A., & Scaringi, V. (2008). Predictors of relationship satisfaction, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction among stay-at-home fathers. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 9, 17-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.9.1.17
83. Rochlen, A. B., Whilde, M. R., & Hoyer, W. D. (2005). Real Men. Real Depression: Overview, theoretical implications, and research considerations. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 6, 186-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.6.3.186
84. Sánchez-López, M. P., Cuellar-Flores, I., & Dresch, V. (2012). The impact of gender roles on health. Women & Health, 52, 182-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2011.652352
85. Schopp, L. H., Good, G. E., Barker, K. B., Mazurek, M. O., & Hathaway, S. L. (2006). Masculine role adherence and outcomes among men with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 20, 1155-1162. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/02699050600983735
86. Schopp, L. H., Good, G. E., Mazurek, M. O., Barker, K. B., & Stucky, R. C. (2007). Masculine role variables and outcomes among men with spinal cord injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29, 625-633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638280600902620
87. Scott, L. D., Jr., McMillen, J. C., & Snowden, L. R. (2015). Informal and formal help seeking among older Black male foster care youth and alumni. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 264-277.
88. Scott, L. D., Jr., Munson, M. R., McMillen, J. C., & Snowden, L. R. (2007). Predisposition to seek mental health care among Black males transitioning from foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 29, 870-882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.01.003
89. Scott, L. D., Jr., Munson, M. R., & White, T. (2009). Satisfaction with counseling among Black males in transition from the foster care system. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 161-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.07.008
90. Sears, H. A., Graham, J., & Campbell, A. (2009). Adolescent boys' intentions of seeking help from male friends and female friends. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 738-748. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.appdev.2009.02.004
91. Skorska, M. N. (2012). Investigation of the relationship between sexual orientation and objective height, along with predictors of height distortion (Master's thesis). St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada: Brock University. Retrieved from http://www.citefast.com/styleguide.php? styleAPA&secThesis
92. Smith, T. B., & Silva, L. (2011). Ethnic identity and personal well-being of people of color: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 42-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021528
93. Steinfeldt, J. A., Zakrajsek, R., Carter, H., & Steinfeldt, M. C. (2011). Conformity to gender norms among female student-athletes: Implications for body image. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12, 401-416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023634
94. Sterne, J. A. C., Egger, M., & Moher, D. (2011). Addressing reporting biases. In J. P. T. Higgins & S. Green (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Version 5.1.0). Retrieved from http://handbook.cochrane.org/
95. Syzdek, M. R., & Addis, M. E. (2010). Adherence to masculine norms and attributional processes predict depressive symptoms in recently unemployed men. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 533-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9290-6
96. Tager, D., & Good, G. E. (2005). Italian and American masculinities: A comparison of masculine gender role norms. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 264-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.6.4.264
97. Tager, D., Good, G. E., & Brammer, S. (2010). "Walking over'em": An exploration of relations between emotion dysregulation, masculine norms, and intimate partner abuse in a clinical sample of men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11, 233-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0017636
98. Tager, D., Good, G. E., & Morrison, J. B. (2006). Our bodies, ourselves revisited: Male body image and psychological well-being. International Journal of Men's Health, 5, 228-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0503.228
99. Tyer, A. R. (2011). Conformity to male norms and platonic relationship satisfaction among college men (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 3442306)
100. Vogel, D. L., Heimerdinger-Edwards, S. R., Hammer, J. H., & Hubbard, A. (2011). "Boys don't cry": Examination of the links between endorsement of masculine norms, self-stigma, and help-seeking attitudes for men from diverse backgrounds. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 368-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023688
101. Wide, J., Mok, H., McKenna, M., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2011). Effect of gender socialization on the presentation of depression among men: A pilot study. Canadian Family Physician, 57, e74-e78.
102. Wilson, D. B. (2005). Meta-analysis macros for SAS, SPSS, and Stata. Retrieved from http://mason.gmu.edu/~dwilsonb/ma.html
103. Wong, Y. J., Burkley, M., Bell, A. C., Wang, S.-Y., & Klann, E. M. (2017). Manly to the core: Measuring men's implicit masculine self-concept via the Semantic Misattribution Procedure. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 320-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.026
104. Wong, Y. J., Ho, R. M., Wang, S.-Y., & Fisher, A. (2016). Subjective masculine norms among university students in Singapore: A mixedmethods study. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 17, 30-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039025
105. Wong, Y. J., & Horn, A. J. (2016). Enhancing and diversifying research methods in the psychology of men and masculinities. In Y. J. Wong & S. R. Wester (Eds.), APA handbook of men and masculinities (pp. 231-255). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14594-011
106. Wong, Y. J., Klann, E. M., Bijelić, N., & Aguayo, F. (2016). The link between men's zero-sum gender beliefs and mental health: Findings from Chile and Croatia. Psychology of Men & Masculinity. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/men0000035
107. Wong, Y. J., Levant, R. F., Welsh, M., Zaitsoff, A., Garvin, M., King, D., & Aguilar, M. (2015). Priming masculinity: Testing the causal influence of subjective masculinity experiences on self-esteem. Journal of Men's Studies, 23, 98-106.
108. Wong, Y. J., Liu, T., & Klann, E. M. (in press). The intersection of race, ethnicity, and masculinities: Progress, problems, and prospects. In R. F. Levant & Y. J. Wong (Eds.), Psychology of Men and Masculinities. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
109. Wong, Y. J., Owen, J., & Shea, M. (2012). A latent class regression analysis of men's conformity to masculine norms and psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 176-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026206
110. Wong, Y. J., Shea, M., Hickman, S. J., LaFollette, J. R., Cruz, N., & Boghokian, T. (2013). The Subjective Masculinity Stress Scale: Scale development and psychometric properties. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 14, 148-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027521
111. Wong, Y. J., Steinfeldt, J. A., LaFollette, J. R., & Tsao, S. C. (2011). Men's tears: Football players' evaluations of crying behavior. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12, 297-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0020576
112. Wong, Y. J., Steinfeldt, J. A., Speight, Q. L., & Hickman, S. J. (2010). Content analysis of the Psychology of Men & Masculinity (2000-2008). Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11, 170-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019133
113. Yoon, E., Chang, C. T., Kim, S., Clawson, A., Cleary, S. E., Hansen, M., ... Gomes, A. M. (2013). A meta-analysis of acculturation/enculturation and mental health. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 15-30. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030652