메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 401-416

Conformity to gender norms among female student-athletes: Implications for body image

Author keywords

Body esteem; Conformity to Feminine Norms (CFNI); Conformity to Masculine Norms (CMNI); Female college student athletes; Gender socialization in sport

Indexed keywords


EID: 82455192556     PISSN: 15249220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0023634     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (61)
  • 2
    • 0037265893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help-seeking
    • Addis M.E., Mahalik J.R. Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help-seeking. American Psychologist 2003, 58:5-14. 10.1037/0003-066X.58.1.5PMid:12674814.
    • (2003) American Psychologist , vol.58 , pp. 5-14
    • Addis, M.E.1    Mahalik, J.R.2
  • 3
    • 79955466172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is " masculinity" a problem?: Framing the effects of gendered social learning in men
    • Addis M.E., Mansfield A.K., Syzdek M.R. Is " masculinity" a problem?: Framing the effects of gendered social learning in men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2010, 11:77-90. 10.1037/a0018602.
    • (2010) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.11 , pp. 77-90
    • Addis, M.E.1    Mansfield, A.K.2    Syzdek, M.R.3
  • 4
    • 33846807299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Love thyself before loving others? A qualitative and quantitative analysis of gender differences in body image and romantic love
    • Ambwani S., Strauss J. Love thyself before loving others? A qualitative and quantitative analysis of gender differences in body image and romantic love. Sex Roles 2007, 56:13-21. 10.1007/s11199-006-9143-7.
    • (2007) Sex Roles , vol.56 , pp. 13-21
    • Ambwani, S.1    Strauss, J.2
  • 6
    • 0003249317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative masculinity and its effects on gender relations in the subculture of skateboarding
    • Beal B. Alternative masculinity and its effects on gender relations in the subculture of skateboarding. Journal of Sport Behavior 1996, 19:204-220.
    • (1996) Journal of Sport Behavior , vol.19 , pp. 204-220
    • Beal, B.1
  • 7
    • 0001677717 scopus 로고
    • Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing
    • Benjamini Y., Hochberg Y. Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 1995, 57:289-300.
    • (1995) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , vol.57 , pp. 289-300
    • Benjamini, Y.1    Hochberg, Y.2
  • 9
    • 0007118734 scopus 로고
    • Sport participation and women's personal empowerment: Experiences of the college athlete
    • Blinde E.M., Taub D.E., Han L. Sport participation and women's personal empowerment: Experiences of the college athlete. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 1993, 17:47-60. 10.1177/019372359301700107.
    • (1993) Journal of Sport & Social Issues , vol.17 , pp. 47-60
    • Blinde, E.M.1    Taub, D.E.2    Han, L.3
  • 10
    • 0002450246 scopus 로고
    • Understanding the dark side of masculinity: An interactive systems model
    • Basic Books, New York, R.F. Levant, W.S. Pollack (Eds.)
    • Brooks G.R., Silverstein L.B. Understanding the dark side of masculinity: An interactive systems model. The new psychology of men 1995, 280-336. Basic Books, New York. R.F. Levant, W.S. Pollack (Eds.).
    • (1995) The new psychology of men , pp. 280-336
    • Brooks, G.R.1    Silverstein, L.B.2
  • 11
    • 12144285741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image in an interpersonal context: Adult attachment, fear of intimacy, and social anxiety
    • Cash T.F., Thériault J., Annis N.M. Body image in an interpersonal context: Adult attachment, fear of intimacy, and social anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2004, 23:89-103. 10.1521/jscp.23.1.89.26987.
    • (2004) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 89-103
    • Cash, T.F.1    Thériault, J.2    Annis, N.M.3
  • 12
    • 0000283893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and compliance
    • McGraw-Hill, Boston, D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, G. Lindzy (Eds.)
    • Cialdini R.B., Trost M.R. Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and compliance. The handbook of social psychology 1999, Vol. 2:151-192. McGraw-Hill, Boston. D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, G. Lindzy (Eds.).
    • (1999) The handbook of social psychology , vol.2 , pp. 151-192
    • Cialdini, R.B.1    Trost, M.R.2
  • 14
    • 33845640528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal investigation of sport participation, peer acceptance, and self-esteem among adolescent girls and boys
    • Daniels E., Leaper C. A longitudinal investigation of sport participation, peer acceptance, and self-esteem among adolescent girls and boys. Sex Roles 2006, 55:875-880. 10.1007/s11199-006-9138-4.
    • (2006) Sex Roles , vol.55 , pp. 875-880
    • Daniels, E.1    Leaper, C.2
  • 15
    • 0021207060 scopus 로고
    • The Body Esteem Scale: Multidimensional structure and sex differences in a college population
    • Franzoi S.L., Shields S.A. The Body Esteem Scale: Multidimensional structure and sex differences in a college population. Journal of Personality Assessment 1984, 48:173-178. 10.1207/s15327752jpa4802_12.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.48 , pp. 173-178
    • Franzoi, S.L.1    Shields, S.A.2
  • 16
    • 34247330126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coaching life skills through football: A study of award winning high school football coaches
    • Gould D., Collins K., Lauer L., Chung Y. Coaching life skills through football: A study of award winning high school football coaches. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 2007, 19:16-37. 10.1080/10413200601113786.
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 16-37
    • Gould, D.1    Collins, K.2    Lauer, L.3    Chung, Y.4
  • 20
    • 12444308637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived characteristics of sports categorized as gender-neutral, feminine, and masculine
    • Koivula N. Perceived characteristics of sports categorized as gender-neutral, feminine, and masculine. Journal of Sport Behavior 2001, 24:377-393.
    • (2001) Journal of Sport Behavior , vol.24 , pp. 377-393
    • Koivula, N.1
  • 21
    • 0007222241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • " We can be athletic and feminine," but do we want to? Challenges to femininity and heterosexuality in women's sport
    • Krane V. " We can be athletic and feminine," but do we want to? Challenges to femininity and heterosexuality in women's sport. Quest 2001, 53:115-133.
    • (2001) Quest , vol.53 , pp. 115-133
    • Krane, V.1
  • 22
    • 0742265472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Living the paradox: Female athletes negotiate femininity and muscularity
    • Krane V., Choi P.Y.L., Baird S.M., Aimar C.M., Kauer K.J. Living the paradox: Female athletes negotiate femininity and muscularity. Sex Roles 2004, 50:315-329. 10.1023/B:SERS.0000018888.48437.4f.
    • (2004) Sex Roles , vol.50 , pp. 315-329
    • Krane, V.1    Choi, P.Y.L.2    Baird, S.M.3    Aimar, C.M.4    Kauer, K.J.5
  • 23
    • 69949146038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Femininity, masculinity, and body image issues among college age women: An in-depth and written interview study of the mind-body dichotomy
    • Leavy P., Gnong A., Ross L.S. Femininity, masculinity, and body image issues among college age women: An in-depth and written interview study of the mind-body dichotomy. The Qualitative Report 2009, 14:261-292.
    • (2009) The Qualitative Report , vol.14 , pp. 261-292
    • Leavy, P.1    Gnong, A.2    Ross, L.S.3
  • 25
    • 0029869413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues and concerns associated with different risk models for eating disorders
    • Leung F., Geller J., Katzman M. Issues and concerns associated with different risk models for eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1996, 19:249-256. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199604)19:3<249::AID-EAT3>3.0.CO;2-M.
    • (1996) International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.19 , pp. 249-256
    • Leung, F.1    Geller, J.2    Katzman, M.3
  • 26
    • 33846613269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conformity to masculine norms, Asian values, coping strategies, peer group influences, and substance use among Asian American men
    • Liu W.M., Iwamoto D.K. Conformity to masculine norms, Asian values, coping strategies, peer group influences, and substance use among Asian American men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2007, 8:25-39. 10.1037/1524-9220.8.1.25.
    • (2007) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.8 , pp. 25-39
    • Liu, W.M.1    Iwamoto, D.K.2
  • 27
    • 23244447610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining masculinity norms, problem drinking, and athletic involvement as predictors of sexual aggression in college men
    • Locke B.D., Mahalik J.R. Examining masculinity norms, problem drinking, and athletic involvement as predictors of sexual aggression in college men. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2005, 92:279-283. 10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.279.
    • (2005) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 279-283
    • Locke, B.D.1    Mahalik, J.R.2
  • 31
    • 21244472646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory to work with men in a clinical setting
    • Mahalik J.R., Talmadge W.T., Locke B.D., Scott R.P.J. Using the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory to work with men in a clinical setting. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2005, 61:661-674. 10.1002/jclp.20101.
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 661-674
    • Mahalik, J.R.1    Talmadge, W.T.2    Locke, B.D.3    Scott, R.P.J.4
  • 32
    • 0032329825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in undergraduates' body esteem: The mediating effect of objectified body consciousness and actual/ideal weight discrepancy
    • McKinley N.M. Gender differences in undergraduates' body esteem: The mediating effect of objectified body consciousness and actual/ideal weight discrepancy. Sex Roles 1998, 39:113-123. 10.1023/A:1018834001203.
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.39 , pp. 113-123
    • McKinley, N.M.1
  • 33
    • 45949103650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • " I would just like to be known as an athlete": Managing hegemony, femininity, and heterosexuality in female sport
    • Meân L.J., Kassing J.W. " I would just like to be known as an athlete": Managing hegemony, femininity, and heterosexuality in female sport. Western Journal of Communication 2008, 72:126-144. 10.1080/10570310802038564.
    • (2008) Western Journal of Communication , vol.72 , pp. 126-144
    • Meân, L.J.1    Kassing, J.W.2
  • 34
    • 33747486321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of athletic participation on the college adjustment of freshmen and sophomore student athletes
    • Melendez M.C. The influence of athletic participation on the college adjustment of freshmen and sophomore student athletes. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice 2006, 8:39-55.
    • (2006) Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice , vol.8 , pp. 39-55
    • Melendez, M.C.1
  • 37
    • 0030507738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender role conflict, gender-typed characteristics, self concepts, and sport socialization in female athletes and non-athletes
    • Miller J.L., Levy G.D. Gender role conflict, gender-typed characteristics, self concepts, and sport socialization in female athletes and non-athletes. Sex Roles 1996, 35:111-122. 10.1007/BF01548178.
    • (1996) Sex Roles , vol.35 , pp. 111-122
    • Miller, J.L.1    Levy, G.D.2
  • 38
    • 38749124003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical comments about body shape and weight: Disordered eating of female athletes and sport participation
    • Muscat A.C., Long B.L. Critical comments about body shape and weight: Disordered eating of female athletes and sport participation. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 2008, 20:1-24. 10.1080/10413200701784833.
    • (2008) Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 1-24
    • Muscat, A.C.1    Long, B.L.2
  • 40
    • 67650646494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmatory factor analysis of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory and development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46
    • Parent M.C., Moradi B. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory and development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2009, 10:175-189. 10.1037/a0015481.
    • (2009) Psychology of Men & Masculinity , vol.10 , pp. 175-189
    • Parent, M.C.1    Moradi, B.2
  • 41
    • 77952941514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory and Development of the Abbreviated CFNI-45
    • Parent M.C., Moradi B. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory and Development of the Abbreviated CFNI-45. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2010, 34:97-109. 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01545.x.
    • (2010) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.34 , pp. 97-109
    • Parent, M.C.1    Moradi, B.2
  • 42
    • 0035457196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of participation in sports and physical activity to body objectification, instrumentality, and locus of control among young women
    • Parsons E.M., Betz N. The relationship of participation in sports and physical activity to body objectification, instrumentality, and locus of control among young women. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2001, 25:209-222. 10.1111/1471-6402.00022.
    • (2001) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.25 , pp. 209-222
    • Parsons, E.M.1    Betz, N.2
  • 43
    • 0030516178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between male and female college lean sport athletes, nonlean sport athletes, and nonathletes on behavioral and psychological indices of eating disorders
    • Petrie T.A. Differences between male and female college lean sport athletes, nonlean sport athletes, and nonathletes on behavioral and psychological indices of eating disorders. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 1996, 8:218-230. 10.1080/10413209608406478.
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , vol.8 , pp. 218-230
    • Petrie, T.A.1
  • 44
    • 0034422313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If you let me play sports: How might sport participation influence the self-esteem of adolescent females?
    • Richman E.L., Shaffer D.R. If you let me play sports: How might sport participation influence the self-esteem of adolescent females?. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2000, 24:189-199. 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00200.x.
    • (2000) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.24 , pp. 189-199
    • Richman, E.L.1    Shaffer, D.R.2
  • 45
    • 38049139061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives of women college athletes on sport and gender
    • Ross S.R., Shinew K.J. Perspectives of women college athletes on sport and gender. Sex Roles 2008, 58:40-57. 10.1007/s11199-007-9275-4.
    • (2008) Sex Roles , vol.58 , pp. 40-57
    • Ross, S.R.1    Shinew, K.J.2
  • 46
    • 84934182043 scopus 로고
    • Sport, patriarchy, and male identity: New questions about men and sport
    • Sabo D. Sport, patriarchy, and male identity: New questions about men and sport. Arena Review 1985, 9:1-30.
    • (1985) Arena Review , vol.9 , pp. 1-30
    • Sabo, D.1
  • 47
    • 53349150207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in sport morality research
    • Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, G. Tenenbaum, R. Eklund (Eds.)
    • Shields D.L., Bredemeier B.L. Advances in sport morality research. Handbook of Sport Psychology 2007, 662-684. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. 3rd ed. G. Tenenbaum, R. Eklund (Eds.).
    • (2007) Handbook of Sport Psychology , pp. 662-684
    • Shields, D.L.1    Bredemeier, B.L.2
  • 48
    • 34250086845 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and psychological Implications of body dissatisfaction: Do men and women differ?
    • Silberstein L., Streigel-Moore R., Timko C., Rodin J. Behavioral and psychological Implications of body dissatisfaction: Do men and women differ?. Sex Roles 1988, 19:219-232. 10.1007/BF00290156.
    • (1988) Sex Roles , vol.19 , pp. 219-232
    • Silberstein, L.1    Streigel-Moore, R.2    Timko, C.3    Rodin, J.4
  • 49
    • 0034074440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female athletes and eating problems: A meta analysis
    • Smolak L., Murnen S.K., Ruble A.E. Female athletes and eating problems: A meta analysis. Journal of Eating Disorders 2000, 27:371-380. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(200005)27:4<371::AID-EAT1>3.0.CO;2-Y.
    • (2000) Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.27 , pp. 371-380
    • Smolak, L.1    Murnen, S.K.2    Ruble, A.E.3
  • 50
    • 79955646789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • November 15. Masculinity socialization in sports: influence of college football coaches. Psychology of Men & Masculinity. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0020170
    • Steinfeldt, J. A., Foltz, B. D., Mungro, J., Speight, Q. L., Wong, Y. J., & Blumberg, J. (2010, November 15). Masculinity socialization in sports: influence of college football coaches. Psychology of Men & Masculinity. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0020170.
    • (2010)
    • Steinfeldt, J.A.1    Foltz, B.D.2    Mungro, J.3    Speight, Q.L.4    Wong, Y.J.5    Blumberg, J.6
  • 52
    • 58149122781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The last word on the 29th Olympiad: Redundant, revealing, remarkable, and redundant
    • Thompson R.A., Sherman R.T. The last word on the 29th Olympiad: Redundant, revealing, remarkable, and redundant. Eating Disorders 2009, 17:97-102. 10.1080/10640260802570163.
    • (2009) Eating Disorders , vol.17 , pp. 97-102
    • Thompson, R.A.1    Sherman, R.T.2
  • 53
    • 15944393453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The female athlete triad: Nutrition, menstrual disturbances, and low bone mass
    • Thrash L.E., Anderson J.J.B. The female athlete triad: Nutrition, menstrual disturbances, and low bone mass. Nutrition Today 2000, 35:168-174. 10.1097/00017285-200009000-00002.
    • (2000) Nutrition Today , vol.35 , pp. 168-174
    • Thrash, L.E.1    Anderson, J.J.B.2
  • 54
    • 13244254152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Men, sport, body performance and the maintenance of 'exclusive masculinity.'
    • Wellard I. Men, sport, body performance and the maintenance of 'exclusive masculinity.'. Leisure Studies 2002, 21:235-248. 10.1080/0261436022000030641.
    • (2002) Leisure Studies , vol.21 , pp. 235-248
    • Wellard, I.1
  • 55
    • 0002529932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The female athlete: The triad of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis
    • West R.V. The female athlete: The triad of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Sports Medicine 1998, 26:63-71. 10.2165/00007256-199826020-00001.
    • (1998) Sports Medicine , vol.26 , pp. 63-71
    • West, R.V.1
  • 56
    • 84909013412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediating masculinities: The production of media representations in sport
    • Routledge, London, C. Carmichael Atkinson (Ed.)
    • Whannel G. Mediating masculinities: The production of media representations in sport. Sport and gendered identities: Masculinities, femininities, and sexualities 2007, 7-21. Routledge, London. C. Carmichael Atkinson (Ed.).
    • (2007) Sport and gendered identities: Masculinities, femininities, and sexualities , pp. 7-21
    • Whannel, G.1
  • 57
    • 47249130459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustaining male dominance in interscholastic athletics: A case of homologous reproduction or not?
    • Whisenant W.A. Sustaining male dominance in interscholastic athletics: A case of homologous reproduction or not?. Sex Roles 2008, 58:768-775. 10.1007/s11199-008-9397-3.
    • (2008) Sex Roles , vol.58 , pp. 768-775
    • Whisenant, W.A.1
  • 58
    • 0002131921 scopus 로고
    • The embodiment of gender: Discipline, domination, and empowerment
    • Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, S. Birrell, C. Cole (Eds.)
    • Whitson D. The embodiment of gender: Discipline, domination, and empowerment. Women, sport and culture 1994, 353-372. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL. S. Birrell, C. Cole (Eds.).
    • (1994) Women, sport and culture , pp. 353-372
    • Whitson, D.1
  • 59
    • 33845666154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten years of research on the psychology of men and masculinity in the United States: Methodological trends and critique
    • Whorley M., Addis M.E. Ten years of research on the psychology of men and masculinity in the United States: Methodological trends and critique. Sex Roles 2006, 55:649-658. 10.1007/s11199-006-9120-1.
    • (2006) Sex Roles , vol.55 , pp. 649-658
    • Whorley, M.1    Addis, M.E.2
  • 61
    • 84970459673 scopus 로고
    • Sport, physical danger, and injury: The experiences of elite women athletes
    • Young K., White P. Sport, physical danger, and injury: The experiences of elite women athletes. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 1995, 19:45-61. 10.1177/019372395019001004.
    • (1995) Journal of Sport & Social Issues , vol.19 , pp. 45-61
    • Young, K.1    White, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.