A personal network approach to the study of immigrant structural assimilation and transnationalism

Social Networks

Volumn 53, Issue , 2018, Pages 72-89

  Vacca, Raffaele ^a   Solano, Giacomo ^b   Lubbers, Miranda Jessica ^c   Molina, José Luis ^c   McCarty, Christopher ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Acculturation; Connectivity; Ego networks; Personal networks; Social capital; Transnationalism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84995549294     PISSN: 03788733     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2016.08.007     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Alba, R., Nee, V., Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration. 2003, Harvard University Press, Princeton, NJ.
2. Alba, R., Nee, V., Rethinking assimilation theory for a new era of immigration. Int. Migr. Rev. 31 (1997), 826–874.
3. Basch, L., Schiller, N.G., Blanc, C.S., Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments, and Deterritorialized Nation-States. 1994, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York.
4. Bauböck, R., Faist, T., Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods. 2010, Amsterdam University Press.
5. Beauchemin, C., A manifesto for quantitative multi-sited approaches to international migration. Int. Migr. Rev. 48 (2014), 921–938, 10.1111/imre.12157.
6. Berry, J.W., Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Appl. Psychol. 46 (1997), 5–34, 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x.
7. Berry, J.W., Kim, U., Minde, T., Mok, D., Comparative studies of acculturative stress. Int. Migr. Rev., 21, 1987, 491, 10.2307/2546607.
8. Bilecen, B., Sienkiewicz, J.J., Informal social protection networks of migrants: typical patterns in different transnational social spaces. Popul. Space Place 21 (2015), 227–243, 10.1002/psp.1906.
9. Bloemraad, I., Korteweg, A., Yurdakul, G., Citizenship and immigration: multiculturalism, assimilation, and challenges to the nation-state. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 34 (2008), 153–179, 10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134608.
10. Bolíbar, M., Martí J., Verd, J.M., Just a question of time? The composition and evolution of immigrants’ personal networks in Catalonia. Int. Sociol. 30 (2015), 579–598, 10.1177/0268580915579925.
11. Borjas, G.J., Ethnic enclaves and assimilation. Swed. Econ. Policy Rev. 7 (2000), 89–122.
12. Borjas, G.J., Assimilation, changes in cohort quality, and the earnings of immigrants. J. Labor Econ. 3 (1985), 463–489.
13. Boyd, M., Family and personal networks in international migration: recent developments and new agendas. Int. Migr. Rev. 23 (1989), 638–670.
14. Brandes, U., Lerner, J., Lubbers, M.J., McCarty, C., Molina, J.L., Nagel, U., Recognizing modes of acculturation in personal networks of migrants. Proc. Soc. Behav. Sci. 4 (2010), 4–13, 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.478.
15. Brandes, U., Lerner, J., Nagel, U., Network ensemble clustering using latent roles. Adv. Data Anal. Classif., 2010, 10.1007/s11634-010-0074-3.
16. Budescu, D.V., Budescu, M., How to measure diversity when you must. Psychol. Methods 17 (2012), 215–227, 10.1037/a0027129.
17. Burt, R.S., Structural holes versus network closure as social capital. Lin, N., Cook, K.S., (eds.) Social Capital: Theory and Research, 2001, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 31–56.
18. Castles, S., de Haas, H., Miller, M.J., The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. 5th ed., 2013, The Guilford Press, New York.
19. Chiswick, B.R., The effect of Americanization on the earnings of foreign-born men. J. Polit. Econ. 86 (1978), 897–921.
20. Chua, V., Madej, J., Wellman, B., Personal communities: the world according to me. Scott, J., Carrington, P.J., (eds.) The Sage Handbook of Social Network Analysis, 2011, SAGE Publications, 101–115.
21. Coleman, J.S., Social capital in the creation of human capital. Am. J. Sociol. 94 (1988), S95–S120.
22. Cooley, C.H., Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind. 1909/2009, Cornell University Library.
23. Cuellar, I., Arnold, B., Maldonado, R., Acculturation rating scale for Mexican Americans-II: a revision of the original ARSMA scale. Hisp. J. Behav. Sci. 17 (1995), 275–304, 10.1177/07399863950173001.
24. Dahinden, J., Are we all transnationals now? Network transnationalism and transnational subjectivity: the differing impacts of globalization on the inhabitants of a small Swiss city. Ethn. Racial Stud. 32 (2009), 1365–1386, 10.1080/01419870802506534.
25. Dahinden, J., Contesting transnationalism? Lessons from the study of Albanian migration networks from former Yugoslavia. Glob. Netw. 5 (2005), 191–208, 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2005.00114.x.
26. Diehl, C., Schnell, R., “Reactive ethnicity” or “Assimilation”? Statements, arguments, and first empirical evidence for labor migrants in Germany. Int. Migr. Rev. 40 (2006), 786–816, 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00044.x.
27. Elliott, A., Urry, J., Mobile Lives. 2010, Routledge, London/New York, NY.
28. Faist, T., Brokerage in cross-border mobility: social mechanisms and the (re)production of social inequalities. Soc. Incl., 2, 2014, 38, 10.17645/si.v2i4.29.
29. Farver, J.A.M., Narang, S.K., Bhadha, B.R., East meets west: ethnic identity, acculturation, and conflict in Asian Indian families. J. Fam. Psychol. 16 (2002), 338–350, 10.1037/0893-3200.16.3.338.
30. Feld, S.L., Structural embeddedness and stability of interpersonal relations. Soc. Netw. 19 (1997), 91–95, 10.1016/S0378-8733(96)00293-6.
31. FitzGerald, D., The sociology of international migration. Brettell, C., Hollifield, J., (eds.) Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines, 2014, 115–147.
32. Fox, J., Applied Regression Analysis and Generalized Linear Models. 2nd ed., 2008, Sage Publications, Inc., Los Angeles.
33. Gans, H.J., Second-generation decline: scenarios for the economic and ethnic futures of the post-1965 American immigrants. Ethn. Racial Stud. 15 (1992), 173–192, 10.1080/01419870.1992.9993740.
34. Glazer, N., Moynihan, D.P., Beyond the Melting Pot; The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City. 2nd ed., 1970, Publications of the Joint Center for Urban Studies, MIT Press, Cambridge.
35. Glick Schiller, N., Basch, L., Blanc-Szanton, C., Transnationalism: a new analytic framework for understanding migration. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 645 (1992), 1–24, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb33484.x.
36. Gold, S.J., Migrant networks: a summary and critique of relational approaches to international migration. Romero, Mary, Eric, Margolis, (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to Social Inequalities, 2005, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 257–285.
37. Gordon, M.M., Assimilation in American Life. 1964, Oxford University Press, New York.
38. Granovetter, M., Problems of explanation in economic sociology. Eccles, R.G., Nohria, N., (eds.) Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action, 1992, McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA, 25–56.
39. Granovetter, M., Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. Am. J. Sociol., 1985, 481–510.
40. Greenman, E., Xie, Y., Is assimilation theory dead? The effect of assimilation on adolescent well-being. Soc. Sci. Res. 37 (2008), 109–137, 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.07.003.
41. Guarnizo, L.E., Portes, A., Haller, W., Assimilation and transnationalism: determinants of transnational political action among contemporary migrants. Am. J. Sociol. 108 (2003), 1211–1248.
42. Haikkola, L., Making connections: second-generation children and the transnational field of relations. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 37 (2011), 1201–1217, 10.1080/1369183X.2011.590925.
43. Harary, F., Graph Theory. 1969, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Cambridge, MA.
44. Herz, A., Relational constitution of social support in migrants’ transnational personal communities. Soc. Netw. 40 (2015), 64–74, 10.1016/j.socnet.2014.08.001.
45. Itzigsohn, J., Saucedo, S.G., Immigrant incorporation and sociocultural transnationalism. Int. Migr. Rev. 36 (2002), 766–798, 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00104.x.
46. Jadalla, A., Lee, J., Validation of Arabic and English versions of the ARSMA-II acculturation rating scale. J. Immigr. Minor. Health 17 (2015), 208–216, 10.1007/s10903-013-9889-2.
47. Kalmijn, M., The socioeconomic assimilation of Caribbean American Blacks. Soc. Forces 74 (1996), 911–930, 10.1093/sf/74.3.911.
48. Kaufman, L., Rousseeuw, P.J., Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis. 1990, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ.
49. Kennedy, D., Zhang, D., EgoWeb 2.0. 2016 http://github.com/qualintitative/egoweb.
50. King, R., Towards a new map of European migration. Int. J. Popul. Geogr. 8 (2002), 89–106, 10.1002/ijpg.246.
51. Kivisto, P., The revival of assimilation in historical perspective. Kivisto, P., (eds.) Incorporating Diversity: Rethinking Assimilation in a Multicultural Age, 2005, Routledge, Boulder, CO, 5–14.
52. Kivisto, P., Social spaces, transnational immigrant communities, and the politics of incorporation. Ethnicities 3 (2003), 5–28, 10.1177/1468796803003001786.
53. Koopmans, R., Does assimilation work? Sociocultural determinants of labour market participation of European Muslims. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 42 (2016), 197–216, 10.1080/1369183X.2015.1082903.
54. Landolt, P., Salvadoran economic transnationalism: embedded strategies for household maintenance, immigrant incorporation, and entrepreneurial expansion. Glob. Netw. 1 (2001), 217–242, 10.1111/1471-0374.00014.
55. Lee, R.M., Yoon, E., Liu-Tom, H.-T.T., Structure and measurement of acculturation/enculturation for Asian Americans using the ARSMA-II. Meas. Eval. Couns. Dev. 39 (2006), 42–55.
56. Levitt, P., Glick Schiller, N., Conceptualizing simultaneity: a transnational social field perspective on society. Int. Migr. Rev. 38 (2004), 1002–1039, 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00227.x.
57. Levitt, P., Jaworsky, B.N., Transnational migration studies: past developments and future trends. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 33 (2007), 129–156, 10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131816.
58. Light, I.H., Ethnic Enterprise in America: Business and Welfare Among Chinese, Japanese, and Blacks. 1972, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
59. Light, I.H., Gold, S.J., Ethnic Economies. 2000, Academic Press, San Diego.
60. Lubbers, M.J., Molina, J.L., Lerner, J., Brandes, U., Ávila, J., Longitudinal analysis of personal networks. The case of Argentinean migrants in Spain. Soc. Netw., 2009, 32.
61. Lubbers, M.J., Molina, J.L., McCarty, C., Personal networks and ethnic identifications. The case of migrants in Spain. Int. Sociol. 22 (2007), 721–741, 10.1177/0268580907082255.
62. Mazzucato, V., Operationalising transnational migrant networks through a simultaneous matched sample methodology. Bauböck, R., Faist, T., (eds.) Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods, 2010, Amsterdam University Press, 205–226.
63. McCarty, C., Structure in personal networks. J. Soc. Struct. 3 (2002), 1–11.
64. McCarty, C., Bernard, H.R., Killworth, P.D., Shelley, G.A., Johnsen, E.C., Eliciting representative samples of personal networks. Soc. Netw. 19 (1997), 303–323, 10.1016/S0378-8733(96)00302-4.
65. McCarty, C., Killworth, P.D., Rennell, J., Impact of methods for reducing respondent burden on personal network structural measures. Soc. Netw. 29 (2007), 300–315, 10.1016/j.socnet.2006.12.005.
66. McCarty, C., Smith, M., EgoNet. 2015 https://github.com/egonet/egonet.
67. Meissner, F., Vertovec, S., Comparing super-diversity. Ethn. Racial Stud. 38 (2015), 541–555, 10.1080/01419870.2015.980295.
68. Mingione, E., Embeddedness. Beckert, J., Zafirovski, M., (eds.) International Encyclopedia of Economic Sociology, 2006, Routledge, London, 231–236.
69. Molina, J.L., Petermann, S., Herz, A., Defining and measuring transnational social structures. Field Methods 27 (2015), 223–243, 10.1177/1525822X14556254.
70. Moody, J., White, D.R., Structural cohesion and embeddedness: a hierarchical concept of social groups. Am. Sociol. Rev. 68 (2003), 103–127, 10.2307/3088904.
71. Morawska, E., Immigrant transnationalism and assimilation: a variety of combinations and the analytic strategy it suggests. Joppke, C., Morawska, E., (eds.) Toward Assimilation and Citizenship: Immigrants in Liberal Nation-States, 2003, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 133–176.
72. Mouw, T., Chavez, S., Edelblute, H., Verdery, A., Binational social networks and assimilation: a test of the importance of transnationalism. Soc. Probl. 61 (2014), 329–359, 10.1525/sp.2014.12192.
73. Nee, V., Sanders, J.M., Understanding the diversity of immigrant incorporation: a forms-of-capital model. Ethn. Racial Stud. 24 (2001), 386–411.
74. Newman, M.E.J., Girvan, M., Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. Phys. Rev. E, 69, 2004, 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.026113 026113–1–026113–15.
75. Pachucki, M.A., Breiger, R.L., Cultural holes: beyond relationality in social networks and culture. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 36 (2010), 205–224, 10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102615.
76. Pathirage, J., Collyer, M., Capitalizing social networks: Sri Lankan migration to Italy. Ethnography 12 (2011), 315–333, 10.1177/1466138110362013.
77. Pedhazur, E., Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research: Explanation and Prediction. 3rd ed., 1997, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Fort Worth.
78. Portes, A., (eds.) Economic Sociology of Immigration: Essays on Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship, 1st ed., 1998, Russell Sage Foundation, New York.
79. Portes, A., Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 24 (1998), 1–24.
80. Portes, A., Guarnizo, L.E., Haller, W.J., Transnational entrepreneurs: an alternative form of immigrant economic adaptation. Am. Sociol. Rev. 67 (2002), 278–298.
81. Portes, A., Sensenbrenner, J., Embeddedness and immigration: notes on the social determinants of economic action. Am. J. Sociol. 98 (1993), 1320–1350.
82. Portes, A., Zhou, M., The new second generation: segmented assimilation and its variants. Ann. Am. Acad. Pol. Soc. Sci. 530 (1993), 74–96.
83. Qian, Z., Lichter, D.T., Social boundaries and marital assimilation: interpreting trends in racial and ethnic intermarriage. Am. Sociol. Rev. 72 (2007), 68–94, 10.1177/000312240707200104.
84. R Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. 2015, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
85. Reardon, S.F., O'Sullivan, D., Measures of spatial segregation. Sociol. Methodol. 34 (2004), 121–162.
86. Richter, M., Nollert, M., Transnational networks and transcultural belonging: a study of the Spanish second generation in Switzerland. Glob. Netw. 14 (2014), 458–476, 10.1111/glob.12044.
87. Rousseeuw, P.J., Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 20 (1987), 53–65, 10.1016/0377-0427(87)90125-7.
88. Rusinovic, K., Transnational embeddedness: transnational activities and networks among first- and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs in the Netherlands. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 34 (2008), 431–451, 10.1080/13691830701880285.
89. Schönhuth, M., Kronenwett, M., Gamper, M., VennMaker 1.4.0. 2014 http://www.vennmaker.com.
90. Schrover, M., van der Leun, J., Quispel, C., Niches, labour market segregation, ethnicity and gender. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 33 (2007), 529–540, 10.1080/13691830701265404.
91. Shalizi, C.R., Thomas, A.C., Homophily and contagion are generically confounded in observational social network studies. Sociol. Methods Res. 40 (2011), 211–239, 10.1177/0049124111404820.
92. Smith, J.A., Macrostructure from microstructure: generating whole systems from ego networks. Sociol. Methodol. 42 (2012), 155–205, 10.1177/0081175012455628.
93. Snel, E., Engbersen, G., Leerkes, A., Transnational involvement and social integration. Glob. Netw. 6 (2006), 285–308, 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2006.00145.x.
94. Solano, G., Multifocal entrepreneurial practices: the case of Moroccan import/export businesses in Milan. Int. J. Entrep. Small Bus. 29 (2016), 176–198, 10.1504/IJESB.2016.078698.
95. Thomson, M.D., Hoffman-Goetz, L., Defining and measuring acculturation: a systematic review of public health studies with Hispanic populations in the United States. Soc. Sci. Med. 69 (2009), 983–991, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.011.
96. Vertovec, S., Cheap calls: the social glue of migrant transnationalism. Glob. Netw. 4 (2004), 219–224, 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2004.00088.x.
97. Waters, M.C., Jiménez, T.R., Assessing immigrant assimilation: new empirical and theoretical challenges. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 31 (2005), 105–125.
98. Wellman, B., Studying personal communities. Marsden, P.V., Lin, N., (eds.) Social Structure and Network Analysis, 1982, Sage Publications, Inc.
99. Wellman, B., Frank, K.A., Network capital in a multi-level world: getting support from personal communities. Lin, N., Cook, K.S., Burt, R.S., (eds.) Social Capital: Theory and Research, 2001, Transaction Publishers, 233–273.
100. White, D.R., Harary, F., The cohesiveness of blocks in social networks: node connectivity and conditional density. Sociol. Methodol. 31 (2001), 305–359, 10.1111/0081-1750.00098.
101. White, M.J., Segregation and diversity measures in population distribution. Popul. Index 52 (1986), 198–221.
102. Wimmer, A., Schiller, N.G., Methodological nationalism, the social sciences, and the study of migration: an essay in historical epistemology. Int. Migr. Rev. 37 (2003), 576–610, 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00151.x.
103. Xie, Y., Gough, M., Ethnic enclaves and the earnings of immigrants. Demography 48 (2011), 1293–1315, 10.1007/s13524-011-0058-8.