How communities build stronger schools: Stories, strategies, and promising practices for educating every child

How Communities Build Stronger Schools: Stories, Strategies, and Promising Practices for Educating Every Child

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 1-347

  Dodd, Anne Wescott ^a   Konzal, Jean L ^b  

^a BATES COLLEGE   (United States)

^b The College of New Jersey   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84993661936     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-230-60214-4     Document Type: Book

References (205)

1. National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, 1983), p. 5.
2. Michael G. Fullan, The Meaning of Educational Change (New York: Teachers College Press, 1982), p. 245.
3. Lawrence A. Cremin, Public Education (New York: Basic Books, 1976).
4. Robert Friedman and David Meltzer, "Family Factors in Learning Disability," in Family Roots of School Learning and Behavior Disorders, ed. Robert Friedman (Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1973), pp. 55-67.
5. Sanford M. Dornbusch and Philip L. Ritter, "When Effort in Schools Does Not Produce Better Grades: A Family Environment Affects School Practice," in Parent-Adolescent Relationships, ed. Brian K. Barber and Boyd C. Rollins (New York: University Press of America, 1990), pp. 75-93.
6. Robert Friedman, "School Behavior Disorder and the Family," in Family Roots of School Learning and Behavior Disorders, pp. 68-69.
7. Saul Brown, "Family Experience and Change," in Family Roots of School Learning and Behavior Disorders, p. 36.
8. Strong Families, Strong Schools: Building Community Partnerships for Learning (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, 1994), p. 2.
9. Carol Ames et al., Parent Involvement: The Relationship between School-to-Home Communication and Parents' Perceptions and Beliefs, ERIC document #ED362271, Report No. 15, 1993.
10. Anne Wescott Dodd and Jean L. Konzal, Making Our High Schools Better: How Parents and Teachers Can Work Together (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999).
11. Jack Edward Wilhite, "The Response of a Small Rural Community in the Midwest to the Recommendations of the Anglo-American Conference on the Teaching of English" (Ph.D. dissertation: University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, 1973), p. 224.
12. Dodd and Konzal, Making Our High Schools Better.
13. "Number of Home-Schoolers Shows Steep Rise in Maine," Portland Press Herald, August 28, 2001, p. 2B.
14. Catherine Tsai, "More Grandparents Getting Second Chance at Raising Babies," Associated Press story, The Times Record (Brunswick, ME) (July 7, 2001): 13.
15. National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education 2001 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, 2001), 93. Online at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch-key in publication number 2001072.
16. Andy Hargreaves, "Beyond Anxiety and Nostalgia: Building a Social Movement for Educational Change," Phi Delta Kappan 82, no. 5 (September 2001): 377.
17. Jean L. Konzal, Our Changing Town, Our Changing School: Is Common Ground Possible?, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1995, 103.
18. Thomas F. Green, The Activities of Teaching (New York: McGraw Hill, 1971), 55.
19. M. Frank Pajares, "Teachers' Beliefs and Educational Research: Cleaning Up a Messy Construct," Review of Educational Research 62:3 (1992): 321.
20. Milton Rokeach, The Open and Closed Mind (New York: Basic Books, 1960); Beliefs, Attitudes and Values (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1968).
21. Paul Ernest, "The Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes of the Mathematics Teacher: A Model," Journal of Education for Teaching 15:1 (1989): 30.
22. Milton Rokeach, The Open and Closed Mind, 38.
23. Anne Wescott Dodd, Parents as Partners in Learning: Their Beliefs about Effective Practices for Teaching and Learning High School English, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maine, 1994.
24. William W. Cutler III, Parents and Schools: The 150-Year Struggle for Control in American Education (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), p. 3.
25. Paul Houston, "Superintendents for the 21st Century," Phi Delta Kappan 82:6 (February 2001): 431.
26. Lawrence A. Cremin, Public Education (New York: Basic Books, 1976).
27. Shirley Brice Heath, Ways with Words (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983).
28. Michael Young and Patrick McGeeney, Learning Begins at Home: A Study of a Junior School and Its Parents (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968), 102.
29. Daphne Johnson and Elizabeth Ransom, Family and School (London: Croom Helm, 1983), 89.
30. Margaret A. Gibson, Accommodation without Assimilation: Sikh Immigrants in an American High School (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988).
31. William Kay, Moral Education: A Sociological Study of the Influence of Society, Home and School (London: Linnet Books, 1975).
32. Sara Lawrence Lightfoot, Worlds Apart: Relationships Between Families and Schools (New York: Basic Books, 1978).
33. Daphne Johnson and Elizabeth Ransom, Family and School; Jean Anyon, "Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work," Journal of Education 162 (1980): 67-92, in Society and Education, 7th ed., Daniel U. Levine and Robert J. Havighurst (Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1989).
34. Anne Wescott Dodd and Jean L. Konzal, Making Our High Schools Better: How Parents and Educators Can Work Together (New York: St Martin's Press, 1999).
35. Harriet Tyson, "A Load off the Teachers' Backs: Coordinated School Health Programs," Phi Delta Kappan 80:5 (January 1999): K3.
36. Michelle Fine, "[Ap]parent Involvement: Reflections on Parents, Power, and Urban Public Schools," Teachers College Record 94:4 (1993): 682.
37. Thomas P. Carey, letter sent to all superintendents in the state of Pennsylvania, October 14, 2001.
38. Jane Roland Martin, The Schoolhome (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), pp. 170-171.
39. Theodore R. Sizer and Nancy Foust Sizer, The Students Are Watching: Schools and the Moral Contract (Boston: Beacon Press, 1999), p. 121.
40. Nan Henderson, "Connectedness Is Crucial," Student Assistance Journal (January/ February 1999): 30.
41. Paul Houston, "Superintendents for the 21st Century," Phi Delta Kappan 82, no. 6 (February 2001): 431.
42. Sam Redding, "The Community of the School," in The Community of the School, ed. S. Redding and Lori G. Thomas (Kickapoo, IL: Academic Development Institute, 2001), p. 6.
43. Robert Bellah et al., Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life (New York: Harper Collins, 1985).
44. Amitai Etzioni, The Spirit of Community (New York: Crown, 1993).
45. Mary Henry, Parent-School Collaboration (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), p. 17.
46. James Gleick, Chaos: Making a New Science (New York: Penguin, 1987), p. 8.
47. Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (New York: Morrow, 1980), p. 119.
48. Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (New York: Morrow, 1980), p. 287.
49. Ira J. Gordon, "The Effects of Parent Involvement in Schooling," in Parents and Schools, ed. R. S. Brandt (Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1979)
50. Joyce L. Epstein, "School/Family/Community Partnerships: Caring for the Children We Share," Phi Delta Kappan 76, no. 9 (1995): 702.
51. Houston, "Superintendents for the 21st Century," p. 431.
52. Erwin Flaxman, "The Promise of Urban Schooling," Eric Review 8, no. 2 (Winter 2001): 9.
53. D. Mathews, Is There a Public for Public Schools? (Dayton, OH: Charles F. Kettering Foundation, 1996), p. 25.
54. William W. Cutler III, Parents and Schools: The 150-Year Struggle for Control in American Education (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), p. 13.
55. Lisa Delpit, Other People's Children: Cultural Conflict in the Classroom (New York: New Press, 1996).
56. William Ayers, To Teach: The Journey of a Teacher (New York: Teachers College Press, 1993), pp. 64-65.
57. Emily Style, "Curriculum as Window and Mirror," in Listening for All Voices: Gender Balancing the School Curriculum, proceedings of a conference held at Oak Knoll School, Summit, NJ, 1988, pp. 6-12.
58. Janet Atkin and John Bastiani (with Jackie Goode), Listening to Parents: An Approach to the Improvement of Home/School Relations (London: Croom Helm, 1988), 18.
59. Anne Wescott Dodd and Jean L. Konzal, Making Our High Schools Better: How Parents and Educators Can Work Together (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999).
60. Andy Hargreaves, "Beyond Anxiety and Nostalgia: Building a Social Movement for Educational Change," Phi Delta Kappan 82, no. 5 (January 2001): 377.
61. Michele Foster, Black Teachers on Teaching (New York: New Press, 1997), p. 146.
62. National Council of Teachers of English, "Volunteering Can Be Good for You," Council-Grams: News and Information for Leaders of NCTE, 64, no. 1 (September 2001), e-mail version, p. 1.
63. "Value of Volunteer Time on the Rise," Council-Grams: News and Information for Leaders of NCTE.
64. Flaxman, "The Promise of Urban Schooling," pp. 12-13.
65. John O'Neill, "On Schools as Learning Organizations: A Conversation with Peter Senge," Educational Leadership 52, no. 7 (April 1995): 22.
66. Michelle Fine, "[Ap]parent Involvement: Reflections on Parents, Power, and Urban Public Schools," Teachers College Record 94, no. 4 (1993): 20; online at www.tcrecord.org.
67. John Dewey, Democracy and Education (New York: Macmillan, 1916/1944), p. 9.
68. Meredith Maran, "Damage Control," Teacher Magazine (August/September 2001): 25-37.
69. Thomas J. Sergiovanni, Building Community in Schools (San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1994), p. 4.
70. J. W. Gardner, "School and Community," Community Education Journal 23, nos. 1-2 (1995/1996): 6-8,
71. National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education 2001 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, 2001), p. 115. Online at nces.ed.gov/pubsearch-key in publication number 2001072.
72. Bruce Joyce and Emily Calhoun, "School Renewal: An Inquiry, Not a Formula," Educational Leadership 52, no. 7 (April 1995); online at www.ascd.org.
73. B. A. Miller, The Role of Rural Schools in Rural Community Development (Charleston, WV: ERIC Digest, ERIC document ED 384 479)
74. Timothy Collins, "Rural Schools and Communities: Perspectives on Interdependence," Eric Review 8, no. 2 (Winter 2001): 18.
75. Mary Ann Zehr, "One School, Two Cultures," Education Week, 21, no. 2 (September 12, 2001), pp. 35-39.
76. National Center for Community Education, "Parents Empowered to Take the Lead in Pharr, Texas," The Community Educator 3, no. 3 (Fall 2001): 4.
77. Edgar Allen Beem, "We'll Do It Our Way," Down East 48, no. 4 (November 2001): 69.
78. Roger D. Goddard, Megan Tschannen-Moran, and Wayne K. Hoy, "A Multilevel Examination of the Distribution and Effects of Teacher Trust in Students and Parents in Urban Elementary Schools," The Elementary School Journal 102, no. 1 (2001): 3-17.
79. Kimberly Sue Adams, "Trust Within the Home-School Relationship: An Empirical Investigation of Parent and Teacher Perspectives." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1997.
80. Michelle D. Young, "Importance of Trust in Increasing Parental Involve ment and Student Achievement in Mexican American Communities," paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Educational Researchers, San Diego, CA, 1998.
81. C. J. Dunst, C. Johanson, T. Rounds, C. M. Trivette, and D. Hamby, "Characteristics of Parent and Professional Partnerships, in Home- School Collaboration: Enhancing Children's Academic and Social Competence, ed. S. L. Christenson and J. C. Conoley (Colesville, MD: NASP, 1992), pp. 157-174.
82. Adams, "Trust within the Home-School Relationship," p. 23.
83. Sharon M. Allen, Ray H. Thompson, Michael Hoadley, and Jeri Engelking, "What Teachers Want from Parents and What Parents Want from Teachers: Similarities and Differences," paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL, 1997.
84. A. K. Mishra, "Organizational Responses to Crisis: The Centrality of Trust," in Trust in Organizations, ed. R. Kramer, and T. Tyler (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996).
85. Megan Tschannen-Moran and Wayne Hoy, "Faculty Trust: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis," paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL, 1997, p. 2.
86. John K. Rempel, John G. Holmes, and M. P. Zanna, "Trust in Close Relationships," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, no. 1 (1985): 93-112.
87. Tschannen-Moran and Hoy, "Faculty Trust," pp. 24-25.
88. Kathy Murfitt, "Addressing the State of Parent-Teacher Relations." Washington Post, May 22, 2001, CO4.
89. www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/education/ teachers.
90. Adams, "Trust within the Home-School Relationship," p. 25.
91. Jean L. Konzal, "Our Changing Town, Our Changing School: Is Common Ground Possible," Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1995, p. 87.
92. Linda Perlstein, "Suspicious Minds" (Washington D.C.: Washington Post July 22, 2001), p. 1.
93. Murfitt, "Addressing the State of Parent-Teacher Relations," p. 2.
94. Murfitt, "Addressing the State of Parent-Teacher Relations," p. 2.
95. Colleen Pohlig, "Schools Spelling Out Need for Parental Civility" (Seattle, WA: Seattle Times Company), p. 2
96. Colleen Pohlig, "Schools Spelling Out Need for Parental Civility" (Seattle, WA: Seattle Times Company), p. 110.
97. Goddard, Tschannen-Moran, and Hoy, "A Multilevel Examination of the Distribution and Effects of Teacher Trust," p. 15.
98. Peter Senge, The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization (New York: Doubleday, 1990).
99. William Boyd, "The Public, the Professionals, and Educational Policy-Making, Who Governs?" Teachers College Record 77 (May 1976): 539-577.
100. Jeannie Oakes, Keeping Track: How Schools Structure Inequality (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985).
101. Tim Zukas, "An Open Letter from a Parent: So You Want to Implement Reform" Educational Leadership (April 2000): 54.
102. Editorial, "Classroom 'Socialism,' or a Lesson in Sharing?" Bucks County Courier Times, September 15, 2000, p. 14A.
103. Anne Wescott Dodd and Jean Konzal, Making Our High Schools Better: How Parents and Teachers Can Work Together (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999).
104. Wayne K. Hoy, C. J. Tarter, and L. Witkoskie, "Faculty Trust in Colleagues: Linking the Principal with School Effectiveness," Journal of Research and Development In Education 26, no. 1 (1992): 38-45.
105. David Bensman, Building School-Family Partnerships in a South Bronx Classroom (New York: National Center for Restructuring Education, Schools and Teaching, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1999).
106. Michelle Galley, "Chicago to Size Up Parents with 'Checklists,'" Education Week, May 31 (2000): 3.
107. Joyce Epstein, School, Family, and Community Partnerships: Preparing Educators and Improving Schools (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001).
108. Bensman, Building School-Family Partnerships, p. iii.
109. Roland S. Barth, Improving Schools from Within: Teachers, Parents, and Principals Can Make the Difference (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1990), p. 122.
110. Goddard, Tschannen-Moran, and Hoy, "A Multilevel Examination of the Distribution and Effects of Teacher Trust."
111. Mary Henry, Parent-School Collaboration: Feminist Organizational Structures and School Leadership (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996).
112. Ernest Boyer, High School: A Report on Secondary Education in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1983).
113. groups.yahoo.com/group/crossroadssc/messages, January 14, 2000, message 362.
114. groups.yahoo.com/group/crossroadssc/messages, January 15, 2000, message 371.
115. groups.yahoo.com/group/crossroadssc/messages, January 15, 2000, message 365.
116. Crossroads School, A Handbook for Crossroads School, 2000, p. 4.
117. Emily Style, "Curriculum as Window and Mirror," in Listening for All Voices: Gender Balancing the School Curriculum, proceedings of a conference held at Oak Knoll School, Summit, NJ, 1988, pp. 6-12.
118. Ana Chanlatte, "Discipline . . . with Love and Caring," in ed. Michelle Fine, Talking Across Boundaries: Participatory Evaluation Research in an Urban Middle School (New York: Bruner Foundation, 1996), p. 57.
119. Ana Chanlatte, "Discipline . . . with Love and Caring," in ed. Michelle Fine, Talking Across Boundaries: Participatory Evaluation Research in an Urban Middle School (New York: Bruner Foundation, 1996), pp. 57-61.
120. Jianzhong Xu, Reaching Out to Other People's Children in an Urban Middle School: The Families' Views (New York: National Center for Restructuring Education, Schools and Teaching, 2000).
121. Jianzhong Xu, Reaching Out to Other People's Children in an Urban Middle School: The Families' Views (New York: National Center for Restructuring Education, Schools and Teaching, 2000), p. 62.
122. Thomas J. Sergiovanni, "Value-Driven Schools: The Amoeba Theory," in Organizing for Learning: Toward the 21st Century, ed. Harry Walberg and John Lane (Reston, VA: National Association of Secondary School Principals, 1989), pp. 31-40.
123. Ann Wiener, "Participatory Leadership: Inside the Circle, Outside the Circle, Expanding the Circle," in Talking Across Boundaries, p. 35.
124. Michelle Fine, "At a Crossroads," in Talking Across Boundaries, p. 13.
125. Mary E. Henry, Parent-School Collaboration: Feminist Organizational Structures and School Leadership (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996).
126. Kathleen F. Malu, "A Study of Parent Concerns for Children's Work in Schools," in Talking Across Boundaries, p. 65.
127. Kathleen F. Malu, "A Study of Parent Concerns for Children's Work in Schools," in Talking Across Boundaries, p. 67.
128. Jianzhong Xu, Reaching Out to Other People's Children, p. 47.
129. Ernest L. Boyer, The Basic School: A Community for Learning (San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1995).
130. Home Communications Affect Their Involvement in Their Children's Learning," Research and Development Report (Baltimore: Center on Families, Communities, Schools, & Children's Learning, Johns Hopkins University), p. 5.
131. Nicole Nichols-Solomon, "Conquering the Fear of Flying," Phi Delta Kappan (September 2000): 19-21.
132. Robert C. Johnston, "Polling Parents," Education Week 20, no. 37 (May 23, 2001): 5.
133. Nancy S. Grasmuck, "How Maryland Communicates Change," Educational Leadership 57, no. 7 (April 2000): 44-47.
134. Teresa Jo Clemens-Brower, "Recruiting Parents and the Community," Educational Leadership 54, no. 5 (February 1997): 58-60.
135. Dianna Just, "Parent-Teacher Conferences in the Aisles of Wal-Mart," The Voice 3, no. 3, (Fall 1998): 3.
136. Public Education Fund Network, "KIVA: A Strategy For Public Engagement," Connections, 3, no. 2 (Winter 1996): 7.
137. Wayne Jacobsen, "Why Common Ground Thinking Works," Educational Leadership, 57, no. 4 (January 2000): 76-80.
138. Nichols-Solomon, "Conquering the Fear of Flying," p. 21.
139. Luis C. Moll, C. Amanti, D. Neff, and N. Gonzalez, "Funds of Knowledge for Teaching: Using a Qualitative Approach to Connect Homes and Classrooms," Theory into Practice, 31, no. 2 (November 1992): 132-141.
140. Susan M. Swap, "Reaching Out to Culturally Diverse Families," unpublished paper, Boston: Wheelock College, 1991, pp. 5-7.
141. Edwards, Patricia A., and Heather M. Pleasants, "Uncloseting Home Literacy Environments: Issues Raised through the Telling of Parent Stories," Early Child Development and Care, 127-128 (1997): 27-46.
142. Jessica L. Sandham, "Home Visits Lead to Stronger Ties, Altered Perceptions," Education Week 49, no. 14 (December 1, 1999): 6.
143. Sudia Paloma McCaleb, Building Communities of Learners (Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997).
144. Jane Spielman, "The Family Photography Project," Family, School, Community Partnerships Newsletter (Fall 1998): 3-5.
145. equals.lhs.berkeley.edu/.
146. National Network of Partnership-2000 Schools, "School Report: School Wide Interactive Homework Project Involves Families in Enfield, Connecticut," Type 2 (Johns Hopkins University) 2 (Spring 1997): 6.
147. Illinois Family Education Center, "Chicago Public Schools: Partnering with Parents," Families & Schools: Building Learning Communities for Parents 3, no. 2 (Fall 2000): 2.
148. Gerardo R. Lopez, Jay D. Scribner, and Kanya Mahitvanichcha, "Redefining Parent Involvement: Lessons from High-Performing Migrant-Impacted Schools," American Educational Research Journal 38, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 253-288.
149. Illinois Family Education Center, "Parent Connection Is Integral to School- Family Partnership," Families and Schools 1, no. 2 (Fall 1998): 2.
150. Illinois Family Education Center, "F.A.S.T. a Success in Oregon-Mt. Morris," Families & Schools: Building Learning Communities for Parents 3, no. 2 (Fall 2000): 5.
151. Illinois Family Education Center, "Teaching English as a Second Language," Families & Schools: Building Learning Communities for Parents 3, no. 2 (Fall 2000): 6.
152. John O'Neil, "Building Schools as Communities," Educational Leadership 54, no. 7 (May 1997): 6-10.
153. Linda Jacobson, "First Things First," Education Week 20, no. 1 (September 6, 2000): 52-56.
154. Clemens-Brower, "Recruiting Parents and the Community," pp. 58-60.
155. Illinois Family Education Center, "Metro East Parent Connection Opens in East St. Louis Area," Families & Schools: Building Learning Communities for Parents 3, no. 2 (Fall 2000): 1.
156. Susan Connell Biggs, "Writing Workshops: Linking Schools and Families," English Journal 90, no. 5 (May 2001): 45-51.
157. Seymour B. Sarason, Parental Involvement and the Political Principle: Why the Existing Governance Structure of Schools Should Be Abolished (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1995), p. 39.
158. Mavis G. Sanders, "Building Family Partnerships That Last," Educational Leadership 54, no. 3 (November 1996): 61-66.
159. John H. Hollifield, ed., "Parent-Teacher Action Research: The Larger Meaning," Research and Development Report (Baltimore: Center on Families, Communities, Schools, & Children's Learning, Johns Hopkins University) 6 (September 1995): 1-4.
160. Illinois Family Education Center, "School Community Councils Help Grow Strong Minds," (Families & Schools: Building Learning Communities for Parents 3, no. 2 (Fall 2000): 10-11.
161. Jacqueline Edmonson, Gregory Thorson, and David Fluegel, "Big School Change in a Small Town," Educational Leadership 57, no. 7 (April 2000): 51-53.
162. John Conyers and W. Christine Rauscher, "An Antarctic Adventure," Educational Leadership 58, no. 4 (December 2000): 69-72.
163. U.S. Department of Education, "Partnership for Family Involvement in Education," Community Update 91 (September 2001): 6.
164. Betty L. Dixon, "The Great Family Network," Educational Leadership 53, no. 7 (April 1996): 27-29.
165. Eva Marx and Daphne Northrop, "Partnerships to Keep Students Healthy," Educational Leadership 57, no. 6 (March 2000): 22-24.
166. John H. Hollifield, ed., "Projects at a Glance," Research and Development Report. (Baltimore: Center on Families, Communities, Schools, & Children's Learning, Johns Hopkins University, September 1995): 11.
167. Anne Wescott Dodd and Jean L. Konzal, Making Our High Schools Better: How Parents and Teachers Can Work Together (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), pp. 187-191.
168. www.pureparents.org.
169. Karla Scoon Reid, "Black, Hispanic Parents Urged to Support Education," Education Week 21, no. 1 (September 5, 2001): 3.
170. Derrick Smith, "Staying Involved During the High School Years," Community Update 91 (September 2001), 3.
171. Jay Mathews, "Blacks Battle Achievement Gap: Parents Unite to Make Sure Children Aren't Shortchanged," The Washington Post (December 31, 2000).
172. Joy Dryfoos, "The Mind-Body Building Equation," Educational Leadership 57, no. 6 (March 2000): 14-17.
173. Sue Maguire, "A Community School," Educational Leadership 57, no. 6 (March 2000): 18-21.
174. www.census.gov/ftp/pub/hhes/poverty/poverty00/pov00hi.html.
175. S. Jody Heymann and Allison Earle, "Low-Income Parents: How Do Working Conditions Affect Their Opportunity to Help School-Age Children at Risk?" American Educational Research Journal 37, no. 4 (2000): 842.
176. Harriet Tyson, "A Load off the Teachers' Backs," Phi Delta Kappan, 80, no. 5 (January 1999): K2.
177. U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 2000, Table 106; online at nces.ed.gov/index. html.
178. "Maine Has Nation's Highest High School Graduation Rate," Portland Press Herald (November 16, 2001): 16A.
179. M. Mauer and T. Huling, Young Black Americans and the Criminal Justice System: Five Years Later (Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project, 1995) online at www.csdp.org/factbook/racepris.htm+african+american+males+ percent2B+ prison&hl=en.
180. Craig Haney and Philip Zimbardo, "The Past and Future of U.S. Prison Policy: Twenty-five Years after the Stanford Prison Experiment," American Psychologist 53, no. 7 (July 1998): 716; online at: csdp.org/factbook/racepris. htm+african+american+males+ percent2B+prison&hl=en.
181. Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (New York: Morrow, 1980), p. 119.
182. Jane Roland Martin, The Schoolhome (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992).
183. David Tyack and Elisabeth Hansot, Managers of Virtue (New York: Basic Books, 1982), p. 257.
184. David Tyack and Elisabeth Hansot, Managers of Virtue (New York: Basic Books, 1982), p. 261.
185. Poems for Modern Youth, Adolph Gillis and William Rose Benet, eds. (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1938), pp. 190-191.
186. National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education 2001 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, 2001), p. 115; online at nces.ed.gov/pubsearch-key in publication number 2001072.
187. Tyack and Hansot, Managers of Virtue, p. 254.
188. Sharon L. Kagan and Lynda G. Hallmark, "Early Care and Education Policies in Sweden: Implications For the United States," Phi Delta Kappan 83, no. 3 (November, 2001): 241.
189. Sharon L. Kagan and Lynda G. Hallmark, "Early Care and Education Policies in Sweden: Implications For the United States," Phi Delta Kappan 83, no. 3 (November, 2001), p. 245.
190. Heymann and Earle, "Low Income Parents," p. 842.
191. Heymann and Earle, "Low Income Parents,", p. 844.
192. Anne C. Lewis, "Time To Talk of Early Childhood," Phi Delta Kappan 83, no. 2 (October 2001): 104.
193. Janet Atkin and John Bastiani (with Jackie Goode), Listening to Parents: An Approach to the Improvement of Home/School Relations (London: Croom Helm, 1988), p. 17.
194. Tyack and Hansot, Managers of Virtue, p. 13.
195. Tyack and Hansot, Managers of Virtue, p. 260-261.
196. Arthur G. Powell, Eleanor Farrar, and David K. Cohen, The Shopping Mall High School: Winners and Losers in the Education Marketplace (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985).
197. Tyack and Hansot, Managers of Virtue, p. 257.
198. Tyack and Hansot, Managers of Virtue, p. 259.
199. Atkin and Bastiani, Listening to Parents, pp. 16-17.
200. Toffler, The Third Wave, p. xx.
201. Tyack and Hansot, Managers of Virtue, p. 260.
202. Carol Merz and Gail Furman, Community and Schools: Promise and Paradox (New York: Teachers College Press, 1997), p. 98.
203. Carol Merz and Gail Furman, Community and Schools: Promise and Paradox (New York: Teachers College Press, 1997), 98.
204. Jane Roland Martin, "Women, Schools, and Cultural Wealth," in Women's Philosophies of Education: Thinking Through Our Mothers, ed. Connie Titone and Karen E. Maloney (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill, 1999), p. 161.
205. John Dewey, The School and Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1900/1990), p. 7.