메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 11, 2016, Pages 2733-2747

Experts Opinion on the Practical Use of Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Author keywords

6 mercaptopurine; azathioprine; inflammatory bowel disease; therapy; thiopurines

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; LIVE VACCINE; MERCAPTOPURINE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

EID: 84992735295     PISSN: 10780998     EISSN: 15364844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000923     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 84884369477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early administration of azathioprine vs conventional management of Crohn's disease: A randomized controlled trial
    • Cosnes J, Bourrier A, Laharie D, et al. Early administration of azathioprine vs conventional management of Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:758-765.
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.145 , pp. 758-765
    • Cosnes, J.1    Bourrier, A.2    Laharie, D.3
  • 2
    • 84884411282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early azathioprine therapy is no more effective than placebo for newly diagnosed Crohn's disease
    • Panes J, Lopez-Sanroman A, Bermejo F, et al. Early azathioprine therapy is no more effective than placebo for newly diagnosed Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:766-774.
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.145 , pp. 766-774
    • Panes, J.1    Lopez-Sanroman, A.2    Bermejo, F.3
  • 3
    • 84884387216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there still a role for thiopurines in Crohn's disease?
    • Rogler G, Sandborn WJ. Is there still a role for thiopurines in Crohn's disease? Gastroenterology. 2013;145:714-716.
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.145 , pp. 714-716
    • Rogler, G.1    Sandborn, W.J.2
  • 4
    • 43049113533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
    • Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924-926.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 924-926
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Oxman, A.D.2    Vist, G.E.3
  • 5
    • 84992686024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances to optimize 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy in the management of IBD
    • Amin J, Huang B, Yoon J, et al. Update 2014: advances to optimize 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy in the management of IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;21:1-8.
    • (2014) Inflamm Bowel Dis. , vol.2014 , Issue.21 , pp. 1-8
    • Amin, J.1    Huang, B.2    Yoon, J.3    Update, E.4
  • 7
    • 13244277605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of inflammatory gene expression in activated T lymphocytes: A mechanism of immune suppression by thiopurines
    • Thomas CW, Myhre GM, Tschumper R, et al. Selective inhibition of inflammatory gene expression in activated T lymphocytes: a mechanism of immune suppression by thiopurines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005; 312:537-545.
    • (2005) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.312 , pp. 537-545
    • Thomas, C.W.1    Myhre, G.M.2    Tschumper, R.3
  • 8
    • 0242464926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD28-dependent Rac1 activation is the molecular target of azathioprine in primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes
    • Tiede I, Fritz G, Strand S, et al. CD28-dependent Rac1 activation is the molecular target of azathioprine in primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:1133-1145.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.111 , pp. 1133-1145
    • Tiede, I.1    Fritz, G.2    Strand, S.3
  • 9
    • 59149103298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: Does concurrent therapy with 5-ASA and immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease improve outcomes?
    • Andrews JM, Travis SP, Gibson PR, et al. Systematic review: does concurrent therapy with 5-ASA and immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease improve outcomes? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29: 459-469.
    • (2009) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.29 , pp. 459-469
    • Andrews, J.M.1    Travis, S.P.2    Gibson, P.R.3
  • 10
    • 0036790212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiopurine methyltransferase activity and the use of azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Ansari A, Hassan C, Duley J, et al. Thiopurine methyltransferase activity and the use of azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16:1743-1750.
    • (2002) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 1743-1750
    • Ansari, A.1    Hassan, C.2    Duley, J.3
  • 11
    • 83555174812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: The benefits of pharmacogenetics for improving thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Chouchana L, Narjoz C, Beaune P, et al. Review article: the benefits of pharmacogenetics for improving thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;35:15-36.
    • (2012) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.35 , pp. 15-36
    • Chouchana, L.1    Narjoz, C.2    Beaune, P.3
  • 12
    • 77954360099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiopurine S-methyltransferase polymorphisms and thiopurine toxicity in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Dong XW, Zheng Q, Zhu MM, et al. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase polymorphisms and thiopurine toxicity in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:3187-3195.
    • (2010) World J Gastroenterol , vol.16 , pp. 3187-3195
    • Dong, X.W.1    Zheng, Q.2    Zhu, M.M.3
  • 13
    • 0034067784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Dubinsky MC, Lamothe S, Yang HY, et al. Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2000;118:705-713.
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , pp. 705-713
    • Dubinsky, M.C.1    Lamothe, S.2    Yang, H.Y.3
  • 14
    • 0036202803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6-MP metabolite profiles provide a biochemical explanation for 6-MP resistance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Dubinsky MC, Yang H, Hassard PV, et al. 6-MP metabolite profiles provide a biochemical explanation for 6-MP resistance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:904-915.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.122 , pp. 904-915
    • Dubinsky, M.C.1    Yang, H.2    Hassard, P.V.3
  • 15
    • 27744461917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine pharmacogenetics and metabolite monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Gearry RB, Barclay ML. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine pharmacogenetics and metabolite monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;20:1149-1157.
    • (2005) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.20 , pp. 1149-1157
    • Gearry, R.B.1    Barclay, M.L.2
  • 16
    • 50049088070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine toxicity: The role of the TPMT gene
    • Katsanos KH, Tsianos EV. Azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine toxicity: the role of the TPMT gene. Ann Gatroenterol. 2007;20:251-264.
    • (2007) Ann Gatroenterol , vol.20 , pp. 251-264
    • Katsanos, K.H.1    Tsianos, E.V.2
  • 17
    • 84909638689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiopurine withdrawal during sustained clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease: Relapse and recapture rates, with predictive factors in 237 patients
    • Kennedy NA, Kalla R, Warner B, et al. Thiopurine withdrawal during sustained clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease: relapse and recapture rates, with predictive factors in 237 patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40:1313-1323.
    • (2014) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.40 , pp. 1313-1323
    • Kennedy, N.A.1    Kalla, R.2    Warner, B.3
  • 18
    • 84881273549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (Review)
    • Chande N, Tsoulis DJ, Macdonald JK. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;20:1-63.
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.20 , pp. 1-63
    • Chande, N.1    Tsoulis, D.J.2    Macdonald, J.K.3
  • 19
    • 84921325308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biologics for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease: A network meta-analysis
    • Hazlewood GS, Rezaie A, Borman M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of immunosuppressants and biologics for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease: a network meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:344-354.
    • (2015) Gastroenterology , vol.148 , pp. 344-354
    • Hazlewood, G.S.1    Rezaie, A.2    Borman, M.3
  • 20
    • 84888269838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American gastroenterological association Institute technical review on the use of thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-alpha biologic drugs for the induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory Crohn's disease
    • Dassopoulos T, Sultan S, Falck-Ytter YT, et al. American gastroenterological association Institute technical review on the use of thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-alpha biologic drugs for the induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:1464-1478.
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.145 , pp. 1464-1478
    • Dassopoulos, T.1    Sultan, S.2    Falck-Ytter, Y.T.3
  • 21
    • 0043033175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids and immunomodulators: Postoperative infectious complication risk in inflammatory bowel disease patients
    • Aberra FN, Lewis JD, Hass D, et al. Corticosteroids and immunomodulators: postoperative infectious complication risk in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Gastroenterology. 2003;125:320-327.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.125 , pp. 320-327
    • Aberra, F.N.1    Lewis, J.D.2    Hass, D.3
  • 22
    • 84992729549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic therapies for the management of Crohn's disease: Comparative effectiveness
    • AHRQ
    • AHRQ. Pharmacologic therapies for the management of Crohn's disease: comparative effectiveness. Eff Health Care Grogram. 2014;131:1-26.
    • (2014) Eff Health Care Grogram , vol.131 , pp. 1-26
  • 23
    • 79953093349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term followup of babies exposed to azathioprine in utero and via breastfeeding
    • Angelberger S, Reinisch W, Messerschmidt A, et al. Long-term followup of babies exposed to azathioprine in utero and via breastfeeding. J Crohns Colitis. 2011;5:95-100.
    • (2011) J Crohns Colitis , vol.5 , pp. 95-100
    • Angelberger, S.1    Reinisch, W.2    Messerschmidt, A.3
  • 24
    • 29244457275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine and 5-aminosalicylic acid for treatment of steroid dependent ulcerative colitis
    • Ardizzone S, Maconi G, Russo A, et al. Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine and 5-aminosalicylic acid for treatment of steroid dependent ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2006;55:47-53.
    • (2006) Gut , vol.55 , pp. 47-53
    • Ardizzone, S.1    Maconi, G.2    Russo, A.3
  • 25
    • 84905482221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term combination therapy with infliximab plus azathioprine predicts sustained steroid-free clinical benefit in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis
    • Armuzzi A, Pugliese D, Danese S, et al. Long-term combination therapy with infliximab plus azathioprine predicts sustained steroid-free clinical benefit in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014; 20:1368-1374.
    • (2014) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.20 , pp. 1368-1374
    • Armuzzi, A.1    Pugliese, D.2    Danese, S.3
  • 26
    • 0037434552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of immunogenicity on the long-term efficacy of infliximab in Crohn's disease
    • Baert F, Noman M, Vermeire S, et al. Influence of immunogenicity on the long-term efficacy of infliximab in Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:601-608.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 601-608
    • Baert, F.1    Noman, M.2    Vermeire, S.3
  • 27
    • 70449100743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphoproliferative disorders in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective observational cohort study
    • Beaugerie L, Brousse N, Bouvier AM, et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet. 2009;374:1617-1625.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 1617-1625
    • Beaugerie, L.1    Brousse, N.2    Bouvier, A.M.3
  • 28
    • 84875371134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of an immunomodulator to infliximab therapy eliminates antidrug antibodies in serum and restores clinical response of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Ben-Horin S, Waterman M, Kopylov U, et al. Addition of an immunomodulator to infliximab therapy eliminates antidrug antibodies in serum and restores clinical response of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:444-447.
    • (2013) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.11 , pp. 444-447
    • Ben-Horin, S.1    Waterman, M.2    Kopylov, U.3
  • 29
    • 80054753242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of Crohn's disease, thiopurines, and primary Epstein-Barr virus infection with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
    • Biank VF, Sheth MK, Talano J, et al. Association of Crohn's disease, thiopurines, and primary epstein-barr virus infection with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Pediatr. 2011;159:808-812.
    • (2011) J Pediatr , vol.159 , pp. 808-812
    • Biank, V.F.1    Sheth, M.K.2    Talano, J.3
  • 30
    • 84928623552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of nonhospitalized ulcerative colitis: The toronto consensus
    • Bressler B, Marshall JK, Bernstein CN, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of nonhospitalized ulcerative colitis: the toronto consensus. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:1035-1058.
    • (2015) Gastroenterology , vol.148 , pp. 1035-1058
    • Bressler, B.1    Marshall, J.K.2    Bernstein, C.N.3
  • 31
    • 27644458699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of perioperative antiinflammatory and immunomodulating therapy on surgical wound healing
    • Busti AJ, Hooper JS, Amaya CJ, et al. Effects of perioperative antiinflammatory and immunomodulating therapy on surgical wound healing. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25:1566-1591.
    • (2005) Pharmacotherapy , vol.25 , pp. 1566-1591
    • Busti, A.J.1    Hooper, J.S.2    Amaya, C.J.3
  • 32
    • 84875214914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of thiopurines and anti-TNF-alpha drugs during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Casanova MJ, Chaparro M, Domenech E, et al. Safety of thiopurines and anti-TNF-alpha drugs during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:433-440.
    • (2013) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.108 , pp. 433-440
    • Casanova, M.J.1    Chaparro, M.2    Domenech, E.3
  • 33
    • 72049097420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance treatment with azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: Outcome and predictive factors after drug withdrawal
    • Cassinotti A, Actis GC, Duca P, et al. Maintenance treatment with azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: outcome and predictive factors after drug withdrawal. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:2760-2767.
    • (2009) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.104 , pp. 2760-2767
    • Cassinotti, A.1    Actis, G.C.2    Duca, P.3
  • 34
    • 0027161587 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose allopurinol plus azathioprine/cyclosporin/prednisolone, a novel immunosuppressive regimen
    • Chocair P, Duley J, Simmonds HA, et al. Low-dose allopurinol plus azathioprine/cyclosporin/prednisolone, a novel immunosuppressive regimen. Lancet. 1993;342:83-84.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 83-84
    • Chocair, P.1    Duley, J.2    Simmonds, H.A.3
  • 35
    • 84894350888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine in early Crohn's disease: Time to revisit patient selection and end points for clinical trials and/or azathioprine efficacy?
    • Lakatos PL, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Azathioprine in early Crohn's disease: time to revisit patient selection and end points for clinical trials and/or azathioprine efficacy? Gastroenterology. 2014;146:867-868.
    • (2014) Gastroenterology , vol.146 , pp. 867-868
    • Lakatos, P.L.1    Peyrin-Biroulet, L.2
  • 36
    • 77950988234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infliximab azathioprine or combination therapy for Crohn's disease
    • Colombel JF, Sandborn WJ, Reinisch W, et al. Infliximab, azathioprine, or combination therapy for Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;362: 1383-1395.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 1383-1395
    • Colombel, J.F.1    Sandborn, W.J.2    Reinisch, W.3
  • 37
    • 84888221077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American gastroenterological association institute guideline on the use of thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-alpha biologic drugs for the induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory Crohn's disease
    • Terdiman JP, Gruss CB, Heidelbaugh JJ, et al. American gastroenterological association institute guideline on the use of thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-alpha biologic drugs for the induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:1459-1463.
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.145 , pp. 1459-1463
    • Terdiman, J.P.1    Gruss, C.B.2    Heidelbaugh, J.J.3
  • 38
    • 84925206269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised clinical trial: Deep remission in biologic and immunomodulator naive patients with Crohn's disease - A SONIC post hoc analysis
    • Colombel JF, Reinisch W, Mantzaris GJ, et al. Randomised clinical trial: deep remission in biologic and immunomodulator naive patients with Crohn's disease - A SONIC post hoc analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:734-746.
    • (2015) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.41 , pp. 734-746
    • Colombel, J.F.1    Reinisch, W.2    Mantzaris, G.J.3
  • 39
    • 84894302120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate in combination with infliximab is no more effective than infliximab alone in patients with Crohn's disease
    • Feagan BG, McDonald JW, Panaccione R, et al. Methotrexate in combination with infliximab is no more effective than infliximab alone in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2014;146:681-688.
    • (2014) Gastroenterology , vol.146 , pp. 681-688
    • Feagan, B.G.1    McDonald, J.W.2    Panaccione, R.3
  • 40
    • 84856586863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome of ulcerative colitis in patients who achieve clinical remission with a first course of corticosteroids
    • Garcia-Planella E, Manosa M, Van DM, et al. Long-term outcome of ulcerative colitis in patients who achieve clinical remission with a first course of corticosteroids. Dig Liver Dis. 2012;44:206-210.
    • (2012) Dig Liver Dis , vol.44 , pp. 206-210
    • Garcia-Planella, E.1    Manosa, M.2    Van, D.M.3
  • 41
    • 84907210665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease
    • McDonald JW, Wang Y, Tsoulis DJ, et al. Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;8:CD003459.
    • (2014) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.8 , pp. CD003459
    • McDonald, J.W.1    Wang, Y.2    Tsoulis, D.J.3
  • 42
    • 67650416300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (Review)
    • Prefontaine E, Macdonald JK, Sutherland LR. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009:1-23.
    • (2009) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , pp. 1-23
    • Prefontaine, E.1    Macdonald, J.K.2    Sutherland, L.R.3
  • 43
    • 4444353986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative maintenance of Crohn's disease remission with 6-mercaptopurine, mesalamine, or placebo: A 2-year trial
    • Hanauer SB, Korelitz BI, Rutgeerts P, et al. Postoperative maintenance of Crohn's disease remission with 6-mercaptopurine, mesalamine, or placebo: a 2-year trial. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:723-729.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.127 , pp. 723-729
    • Hanauer, S.B.1    Korelitz, B.I.2    Rutgeerts, P.3
  • 44
    • 0029134702 scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn disease. A meta-analysis
    • Pearson DC, May GR, Fick GH, et al. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn disease. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:132-142.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.123 , pp. 132-142
    • Pearson, D.C.1    May, G.R.2    Fick, G.H.3
  • 45
    • 0018888679 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Crohn's disease with 6-mercaptopurine. A long-term, randomized, double-blind study
    • Present DH, Korelitz BI, Wisch N, et al. Treatment of Crohn's disease with 6-mercaptopurine. A long-term, randomized, double-blind study. N Engl J Med. 1980;302:981-987.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.302 , pp. 981-987
    • Present, D.H.1    Korelitz, B.I.2    Wisch, N.3
  • 46
    • 84933278329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo response rate in clinical trials of fistulizing Crohn's disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Ford AC, Luthra P, Hanauer SB, et al. Placebo response rate in clinical trials of fistulizing Crohn's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:1981-1990.
    • (2014) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.12 , pp. 1981-1990
    • Ford, A.C.1    Luthra, P.2    Hanauer, S.B.3
  • 47
    • 77952705829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol induction therapy in an unselected Crohn's disease population: Results of the FACTS survey
    • Schoepfer AM, Vavricka SR, Binek J, et al. Efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol induction therapy in an unselected Crohn's disease population: results of the FACTS survey. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;16: 933-938.
    • (2010) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.16 , pp. 933-938
    • Schoepfer, A.M.1    Vavricka, S.R.2    Binek, J.3
  • 48
    • 78650275013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised clinical trial: Certolizumab pegol for fistulas in Crohn's disease-subgroup results from a placebo-controlled study
    • Schreiber S, Lawrance IC, Thomsen OO, et al. Randomised clinical trial: certolizumab pegol for fistulas in Crohn's disease-subgroup results from a placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33: 185-193.
    • (2011) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.33 , pp. 185-193
    • Schreiber, S.1    Lawrance, I.C.2    Thomsen, O.O.3
  • 49
    • 75149116327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Special situations
    • Van Assche G, Dignass A, Reinisch W, et al. The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: special situations. J Crohns Colitis. 2010;4:63-101.
    • (2010) J Crohns Colitis , vol.4 , pp. 63-101
    • Van Assche, G.1    Dignass, A.2    Reinisch, W.3
  • 50
    • 53249097726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy of metronidazole with azathioprine to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: A controlled randomized trial
    • D'Haens GR, Vermeire S, Van AG, et al. Therapy of metronidazole with azathioprine to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a controlled randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:1123-1129.
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.135 , pp. 1123-1129
    • D'Haens, G.R.1    Vermeire, S.2    Van, A.G.3
  • 51
    • 84928704222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crohn's disease management after intestianal resection: A randomised trial
    • De Cruz P, Kamm MA, Hamilton HL, et al. Crohn's disease management after intestianal resection: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2015;385: 1406-1417.
    • (2015) Lancet , vol.385 , pp. 1406-1417
    • De Cruz, P.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Hamilton, H.L.3
  • 52
    • 84887237442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adalimumab is more effective than azathioprine and mesalamine at preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: A randomized controlled trial
    • Savarino E, Bodini G, Dulbecco P, et al. Adalimumab is more effective than azathioprine and mesalamine at preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:1731-1742.
    • (2013) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.108 , pp. 1731-1742
    • Savarino, E.1    Bodini, G.2    Dulbecco, P.3
  • 53
    • 0034903792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: A populationbased study
    • Faubion WA Jr, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS, et al. The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a populationbased study. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:255-260.
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.121 , pp. 255-260
    • Faubion, W.A.1    Loftus, E.V.2    Harmsen, W.S.3
  • 55
    • 84953860948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of azathioprine in ulcerative Colitits
    • Sood R, Ansari S, Clark T, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of azathioprine in ulcerative Colitits. J Crohn's Colitis. 2015;9:191-197.
    • (2015) J Crohn's Colitis , vol.9 , pp. 191-197
    • Sood, R.1    Ansari, S.2    Clark, T.3
  • 56
    • 0036278519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of azathioprine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A 30 year review
    • Fraser AG, Orchard TR, Jewell DP. The efficacy of azathioprine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a 30 year review. Gut. 2002; 50:485-489.
    • (2002) Gut , vol.50 , pp. 485-489
    • Fraser, A.G.1    Orchard, T.R.2    Jewell, D.P.3
  • 57
    • 84873020600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
    • Timmer A, McDonald JW, Tsoulis DJ, et al. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9:CD000478.
    • (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.9 , pp. CD000478
    • Timmer, A.1    McDonald, J.W.2    Tsoulis, D.J.3
  • 58
    • 84892737455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis
    • Panaccione R, Ghosh S, Middleton S, et al. Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2014;146:392-400.
    • (2014) Gastroenterology , vol.146 , pp. 392-400
    • Panaccione, R.1    Ghosh, S.2    Middleton, S.3
  • 59
    • 84867027990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review
    • Neurath MF, Travis SP. Mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review. Gut. 2012;61:1619-1635.
    • (2012) Gut , vol.61 , pp. 1619-1635
    • Neurath, M.F.1    Travis, S.P.2
  • 61
    • 0030888894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healing of severe recurrent ileitis with azathioprine therapy in patients with Crohn's disease
    • D'Haens G, Geboes K, Ponette E, et al. Healing of severe recurrent ileitis with azathioprine therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:1475-1481.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.112 , pp. 1475-1481
    • D'Haens, G.1    Geboes, K.2    Ponette, E.3
  • 62
    • 0032723990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic and histologic healing of Crohn's (ileo-) colitis with azathioprine
    • D'Haens G, Geboes K, Rutgeerts P. Endoscopic and histologic healing of Crohn's (ileo-) colitis with azathioprine. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999; 50:667-671.
    • (1999) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.50 , pp. 667-671
    • D'Haens, G.1    Geboes, K.2    Rutgeerts, P.3
  • 63
    • 66149148366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine is superior to budesonide in achieving and maintaining mucosal healing and histologic remission in steroid-dependent Crohn's disease
    • Mantzaris GJ, Christidou A, Sfakianakis M, et al. Azathioprine is superior to budesonide in achieving and maintaining mucosal healing and histologic remission in steroid-dependent Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009;15:375-382.
    • (2009) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.15 , pp. 375-382
    • Mantzaris, G.J.1    Christidou, A.2    Sfakianakis, M.3
  • 64
    • 0036791285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine or methotrexate in the treatment of patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis: Results of an open-label study on efficacy and tolerability in inducing and maintaining remission
    • Paoluzi OA, Pica R, Marcheggiano A, et al. Azathioprine or methotrexate in the treatment of patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis: results of an open-label study on efficacy and tolerability in inducing and maintaining remission. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16: 1751-1759.
    • (2002) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 1751-1759
    • Paoluzi, O.A.1    Pica, R.2    Marcheggiano, A.3
  • 65
    • 33645958908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infliximab plus azathioprine for steroid-dependent Crohn's disease patients: A randomized placebocontrolled trial
    • Lemann M, Mary JY, Duclos B, et al. Infliximab plus azathioprine for steroid-dependent Crohn's disease patients: a randomized placebocontrolled trial. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1054-1061.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 1054-1061
    • Lemann, M.1    Mary, J.Y.2    Duclos, B.3
  • 66
    • 84947422075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of concomitant immunomodulator therapy on efficacy and safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for Crohn's disease: A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials
    • Jones JL, Kaplan GG, Peyrin-Biroulet L, et al. Effects of concomitant immunomodulator therapy on efficacy and safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:2233-2240.
    • (2015) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.13 , pp. 2233-2240
    • Jones, J.L.1    Kaplan, G.G.2    Peyrin-Biroulet, L.3
  • 67
    • 44649090092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal of immunosuppression in Crohn's disease treated with scheduled infliximab maintenance: A randomized trial
    • Van Assche G, Magdelaine-Beuzelin C, D'Haens G, et al. Withdrawal of immunosuppression in Crohn's disease treated with scheduled infliximab maintenance: a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2008;134: 1861-1868.
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.134 , pp. 1861-1868
    • Van Assche, G.1    Magdelaine-Beuzelin, C.2    D'Haens, G.3
  • 68
    • 77956997278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of co-treatment with immunomodulators in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with scheduled infliximab maintenance therapy
    • Sokol H, Seksik P, Carrat F, et al. Usefulness of co-treatment with immunomodulators in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with scheduled infliximab maintenance therapy. Gut. 2010;59: 1363-1368.
    • (2010) Gut , vol.59 , pp. 1363-1368
    • Sokol, H.1    Seksik, P.2    Carrat, F.3
  • 69
    • 84923354023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical impact of concomitant immunomodulators on biologic therapy: Pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, efficacy and safety
    • Xu Z, Davis HM, Zhou H. Clinical impact of concomitant immunomodulators on biologic therapy: pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, efficacy and safety. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;55(Suppl 3):S60-S74.
    • (2015) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.55 , pp. S60-S74
    • Xu, Z.1    Davis, H.M.2    Zhou, H.3
  • 70
    • 34548130215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of concomitant immunosuppressive therapy in suppressing the formation of antibodies to infliximab in Crohn's disease
    • Vermeire S, Noman M, Van AG, et al. Effectiveness of concomitant immunosuppressive therapy in suppressing the formation of antibodies to infliximab in Crohn's disease. Gut. 2007;56:1226-1231.
    • (2007) Gut , vol.56 , pp. 1226-1231
    • Vermeire, S.1    Noman, M.2    Van, A.G.3
  • 71
    • 79960283949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic properties of infliximab in children and adults with Crohn's disease: A retrospective analysis of data from 2 phase III clinical trials
    • Fasanmade AA, Adedokun OJ, Blank M, et al. Pharmacokinetic properties of infliximab in children and adults with Crohn's disease: a retrospective analysis of data from 2 phase III clinical trials. Clin Ther. 2011;33: 946-964.
    • (2011) Clin Ther , vol.33 , pp. 946-964
    • Fasanmade, A.A.1    Adedokun, O.J.2    Blank, M.3
  • 73
    • 67650462325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial: Benefits and risks of immunomodulators and maintenance infliximab for IBDsubgroup analyses across four randomized trials
    • Lichtenstein GR, Diamond RH, Wagner CL, et al. Clinical trial: benefits and risks of immunomodulators and maintenance infliximab for IBDsubgroup analyses across four randomized trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;30:210-226.
    • (2009) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.30 , pp. 210-226
    • Lichtenstein, G.R.1    Diamond, R.H.2    Wagner, C.L.3
  • 74
    • 34249281002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adalimumab for maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease: Results of the CLASSIC II trial
    • Sandborn WJ, Hanauer SB, Rutgeerts P, et al. Adalimumab for maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease: results of the CLASSIC II trial. Gut. 2007;56:1232-1239.
    • (2007) Gut , vol.56 , pp. 1232-1239
    • Sandborn, W.J.1    Hanauer, S.B.2    Rutgeerts, P.3
  • 75
    • 0034772988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine
    • Nielsen OH, Vainer B, Rask-Madsen J. Review article: the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15:1699-1708.
    • (2001) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 1699-1708
    • Nielsen, O.H.1    Vainer, B.2    Rask-Madsen, J.3
  • 76
    • 67650416300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
    • Prefontaine E, Sutherland LR, Macdonald JK, et al. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;1:CD000067.
    • (2009) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.1 , pp. CD000067
    • Prefontaine, E.1    Sutherland, L.R.2    Macdonald, J.K.3
  • 77
    • 84870039492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should thiopurine methyltransferase genotypes and phenotypes be measured before thiopurine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
    • Fangbin Z, Xiang G, Minhu C, et al. Should thiopurine methyltransferase genotypes and phenotypes be measured before thiopurine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? Ther Drug Monit. 2012;34: 695-701.
    • (2012) Ther Drug Monit , vol.34 , pp. 695-701
    • Fangbin, Z.1    Xiang, G.2    Minhu, C.3
  • 78
    • 27744574836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative disease management strategies in patients with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine
    • Dubinsky MC, Reyes E, Ofman J, et al. A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative disease management strategies in patients with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:2239-2247.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 2239-2247
    • Dubinsky, M.C.1    Reyes, E.2    Ofman, J.3
  • 79
    • 34247159530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity is superior to genotype in predicting myelosuppression following azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Winter JW, Gaffney D, Shapiro D, et al. Assessment of thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity is superior to genotype in predicting myelosuppression following azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25:1069-1077.
    • (2007) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.25 , pp. 1069-1077
    • Winter, J.W.1    Gaffney, D.2    Shapiro, D.3
  • 80
    • 33646011261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels and inflammatory bowel disease activity: A meta-analysis
    • Osterman MT, Kundu R, Lichtenstein GR, et al. Association of 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels and inflammatory bowel disease activity: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1047-1053.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 1047-1053
    • Osterman, M.T.1    Kundu, R.2    Lichtenstein, G.R.3
  • 81
    • 84898726547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between 6-thioguanine nucleotides levels and clinical remission in inflammatory disease: A meta-analysis
    • Moreau AC, Paul S, Del TE, et al. Association between 6-thioguanine nucleotides levels and clinical remission in inflammatory disease: a meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20:464-471.
    • (2014) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.20 , pp. 464-471
    • Moreau, A.C.1    Paul Del, S.T.E.2
  • 82
    • 84942342605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of patients with variants in TPMT and dose reduction reduces hematologic events during thiopurine treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
    • Coenen MJ, de Jong DJ, van Marrewijk CJ, et al. Identification of patients with variants in TPMT and dose reduction reduces hematologic events during thiopurine treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:907-917.
    • (2015) Gastroenterology , vol.149 , pp. 907-917
    • Coenen, M.J.1    De Jong, D.J.2    Van Marrewijk, C.J.3
  • 83
    • 33847153405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in postsurgical patients with Crohn's disease during 1 year of treatment with azathioprine or mesalazine
    • Dilger K, Schaeffeler E, Lukas M, et al. Monitoring of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in postsurgical patients with Crohn's disease during 1 year of treatment with azathioprine or mesalazine. Ther Drug Monit. 2007;29:1-5.
    • (2007) Ther Drug Monit , vol.29 , pp. 1-5
    • Dilger, K.1    Schaeffeler, E.2    Lukas, M.3
  • 84
    • 77953213229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of 5-aminosalicylic acid on 6-thioguanosine phosphate metabolite levels: A prospective study in patients under steady thiopurine therapy
    • de Graff P, de Boer NK, Wong DR, et al. Influence of 5-aminosalicylic acid on 6-thioguanosine phosphate metabolite levels: a prospective study in patients under steady thiopurine therapy. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160:1083-1091.
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.160 , pp. 1083-1091
    • De Graff, P.1    De Boer, N.K.2    Wong, D.R.3
  • 85
    • 84864069451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential influence of 5-aminosalicylic acid on the induction of myelotoxicity during thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients
    • Gao X, Zhang FB, Ding L, et al. The potential influence of 5-aminosalicylic acid on the induction of myelotoxicity during thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24:958-964.
    • (2012) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.24 , pp. 958-964
    • Gao, X.1    Zhang, F.B.2    Ding, L.3
  • 86
    • 58149136086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine withdrawal in patients with Crohn's disease maintained on prolonged remission: A high risk of relapse
    • Treton X, Bouhnik Y, Mary JY, et al. Azathioprine withdrawal in patients with Crohn's disease maintained on prolonged remission: a high risk of relapse. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:80-85.
    • (2009) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.7 , pp. 80-85
    • Treton, X.1    Bouhnik, Y.2    Mary, J.Y.3
  • 87
    • 20444483170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, controlled withdrawal trial in Crohn's disease patients in long-term remission on azathioprine
    • Lemann M, Mary JY, Colombel JF, et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled withdrawal trial in Crohn's disease patients in long-term remission on azathioprine. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:1812-1818.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 1812-1818
    • Lemann, M.1    Mary, J.Y.2    Colombel, J.F.3
  • 88
    • 77951977369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of infliximab failure after azathioprine withdrawal in Crohn's disease treated with combination therapy
    • Oussalah A, Chevaux JB, Fay R, et al. Predictors of infliximab failure after azathioprine withdrawal in Crohn's disease treated with combination therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:1142-1149.
    • (2010) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.105 , pp. 1142-1149
    • Oussalah, A.1    Chevaux, J.B.2    Fay, R.3
  • 89
    • 0029817846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term outcome of ulcerative colitis treated with 6-mercaptopurine
    • George J, Present DH, Pou R, et al. The long-term outcome of ulcerative colitis treated with 6-mercaptopurine. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91: 1711-1714.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 1711-1714
    • George, J.1    Present, D.H.2    Pou, R.3
  • 90
    • 84904425206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: Why, when and how to de-escalate therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases
    • Pariente B, Laharie D. Review article: why, when and how to de-escalate therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014; 40:338-353.
    • (2014) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.40 , pp. 338-353
    • Pariente, B.1    Laharie, D.2
  • 91
    • 84884138341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When do we dare to stop biological or immunomodulatory therapy for Crohn's disease? Results of a multidisciplinary European expert panel
    • Pittet V, Froehlich F, Maillard MH, et al. When do we dare to stop biological or immunomodulatory therapy for Crohn's disease? Results of a multidisciplinary European expert panel. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7:820-826.
    • (2013) J Crohns Colitis , vol.7 , pp. 820-826
    • Pittet, V.1    Froehlich, F.2    Maillard, M.H.3
  • 92
    • 0032062433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Marion JF. Toxicity of 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 1998;4:116-117.
    • (1998) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.4 , pp. 116-117
    • Marion, J.F.1
  • 93
    • 84876380533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and effectiveness of long-term allopurinol-thiopurine maintenance treatment in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Hoentjen F, Seinen ML, Hanauer SB, et al. Safety and effectiveness of long-term allopurinol-thiopurine maintenance treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:363-369.
    • (2013) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.19 , pp. 363-369
    • Hoentjen, F.1    Seinen, M.L.2    Hanauer, S.B.3
  • 94
    • 33846820178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of allopurinol on clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease nonresponders to azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine
    • Sparrow MP, Hande SA, Friedman S, et al. Effect of allopurinol on clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease nonresponders to azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:209-214.
    • (2007) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.5 , pp. 209-214
    • Sparrow, M.P.1    Hande, S.A.2    Friedman, S.3
  • 95
    • 84884142037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of allopurinol and low-dose thiopurine combination therapy on the activity of three pivotal thiopurine metabolizing enzymes: Results from a prospective pharmacological study
    • Seinen ML, van Asseldonk DP, de Boer NK, et al. The effect of allopurinol and low-dose thiopurine combination therapy on the activity of three pivotal thiopurine metabolizing enzymes: results from a prospective pharmacological study. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7:812-819.
    • (2013) J Crohns Colitis , vol.7 , pp. 812-819
    • Seinen, M.L.1    Van Asseldonk, D.P.2    De Boer, N.K.3
  • 96
    • 0036180977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine intolerance in patients with IBD may be imidazole-related and is independent of TPMT activity
    • McGovern DP, Travis SP, Duley J, et al. Azathioprine intolerance in patients with IBD may be imidazole-related and is independent of TPMT activity. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:838-839.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.122 , pp. 838-839
    • McGovern, D.P.1    Travis, S.P.2    Duley, J.3
  • 97
    • 84864680763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Split-dose administration of thiopurine drugs: A novel and effective strategy for managing preferential 6-MMP metabolism
    • Shih DQ, Nguyen M, Zheng L, et al. Split-dose administration of thiopurine drugs: a novel and effective strategy for managing preferential 6-MMP metabolism. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36:449-458.
    • (2012) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.36 , pp. 449-458
    • Shih, D.Q.1    Nguyen, M.2    Zheng, L.3
  • 98
    • 84922070460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-DQA1-HLA-DRB1 variants confer susceptibility to pancreatitis induced by thiopurine immunosuppressants
    • Heap GA, Weedon MN, Bewshea CM, et al. HLA-DQA1-HLA-DRB1 variants confer susceptibility to pancreatitis induced by thiopurine immunosuppressants. Nat Genet. 2014;46:1131-1134.
    • (2014) Nat Genet , vol.46 , pp. 1131-1134
    • Heap, G.A.1    Weedon, M.N.2    Bewshea, C.M.3
  • 99
    • 84973176480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful mercaptopurine usage despite azathioprine-induced pancreatitis in paediatric Crohn's disease
    • Gallego-Gutierrez S, Navas-Lopez VM, Kolorz M, et al. Successful mercaptopurine usage despite azathioprine-induced pancreatitis in paediatric Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9:676-679.
    • (2015) J Crohns Colitis , vol.9 , pp. 676-679
    • Gallego-Gutierrez, S.1    Navas-Lopez, V.M.2    Kolorz, M.3
  • 100
    • 22644446331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of lymphoma among inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine
    • Kandiel A, Fraser AG, Korelitz BI, et al. Increased risk of lymphoma among inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. Gut. 2005;54:1121-1125.
    • (2005) Gut , vol.54 , pp. 1121-1125
    • Kandiel, A.1    Fraser, A.G.2    Korelitz, B.I.3
  • 101
    • 84886267819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of lymphoma in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with thiopurines: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
    • Khan N, Abbas AM, Lichtenstein GR, et al. Risk of lymphoma in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with thiopurines: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:1007-1015.
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.145 , pp. 1007-1015
    • Khan, N.1    Abbas, A.M.2    Lichtenstein, G.R.3
  • 102
    • 84927722749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine: A meta-analysis
    • Kotlyar DS, Lewis JD, Beaugerie L, et al. Risk of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13: 847-858.
    • (2015) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.13 , pp. 847-858
    • Kotlyar, D.S.1    Lewis, J.D.2    Beaugerie, L.3
  • 103
    • 84904391778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes in patients who received thiopurine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease
    • Lopez A, Mounier M, Bouvier AM, et al. Increased risk of acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes in patients who received thiopurine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12:1324-1329.
    • (2014) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.12 , pp. 1324-1329
    • Lopez, A.1    Mounier, M.2    Bouvier, A.M.3
  • 104
    • 67949112671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of lymphoma associated with combination anti-tumor necrosis factor and immunomodulator therapy for the treatment of Crohn's disease: A meta-analysis
    • Siegel CA, Marden SM, Persing SM, et al. Risk of lymphoma associated with combination anti-tumor necrosis factor and immunomodulator therapy for the treatment of Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:874-881.
    • (2009) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.7 , pp. 874-881
    • Siegel, C.A.1    Marden, S.M.2    Persing, S.M.3
  • 105
    • 84878557076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of azathioprine and the risk of cancer in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Pasternak B, Svanstrom H, Schmiegelow K, et al. Use of azathioprine and the risk of cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177:1296-1305.
    • (2013) Am J Epidemiol , vol.177 , pp. 1296-1305
    • Pasternak, B.1    Svanstrom, H.2    Schmiegelow, K.3
  • 106
    • 77349117814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Long MD, Herfarth HH, Pipkin CA, et al. Increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8:268-274.
    • (2010) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.8 , pp. 268-274
    • Long, M.D.1    Herfarth, H.H.2    Pipkin, C.A.3
  • 107
    • 80054862378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients who receive thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease
    • Peyrin-Biroulet L, Khosrotehrani K, Carrat F, et al. Increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients who receive thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:1621-1628.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.141 , pp. 1621-1628
    • Peyrin-Biroulet, L.1    Khosrotehrani, K.2    Carrat, F.3
  • 108
    • 84856193112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of thiopurines in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in an at-risk population: A cohort study
    • Setshedi M, Epstein D, Winter TA, et al. Use of thiopurines in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in an at-risk population: a cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27:385-389.
    • (2012) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.27 , pp. 385-389
    • Setshedi, M.1    Epstein, D.2    Winter, T.A.3
  • 109
    • 78650239266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of factors that contribute to hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Kotlyar DS, Osterman MT, Diamond RH, et al. A systematic review of factors that contribute to hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:36-41.
    • (2011) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.9 , pp. 36-41
    • Kotlyar, D.S.1    Osterman, M.T.2    Diamond, R.H.3
  • 110
    • 0028855269 scopus 로고
    • Fatal infectious mononucleosis: A severe complication in the treatment of Crohn's disease with azathioprine
    • Posthuma EF, Westendorp RG, der Sluys Veer A, et al. Fatal infectious mononucleosis: a severe complication in the treatment of Crohn's disease with azathioprine. Gut. 1995;36:311-313.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 311-313
    • Posthuma, E.F.1    Westendorp, R.G.2    Der Sluys Veer, A.3
  • 111
    • 67349134712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European evidence-based consensus on the prevention, diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Rahier JF, Ben-Horin S, Chowers Y, et al. European evidence-based consensus on the prevention, diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2009;3:47-91.
    • (2009) J Crohns Colitis , vol.3 , pp. 47-91
    • Rahier, J.F.1    Ben-Horin, S.2    Chowers, Y.3
  • 112
    • 65249137592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal Epstein-Barr virus primo infection in a 25-year-old man treated with azathioprine for Crohn's disease
    • N'Guyen Y, Andreoletti L, Patey M, et al. Fatal Epstein-Barr virus primo infection in a 25-year-old man treated with azathioprine for Crohn's disease. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:1252-1254.
    • (2009) J Clin Microbiol , vol.47 , pp. 1252-1254
    • N'Guyen, Y.1    Andreoletti, L.2    Patey, M.3
  • 113
    • 77957192395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine
    • Seksik P, Mary JY, Beaugerie L, et al. Incidence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:565-572.
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 565-572
    • Seksik, P.1    Mary, J.Y.2    Beaugerie, L.3
  • 114
    • 84964282527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of cervical cancer in women with autoimmune diseases, in relation with their use of immunosuppressants and screening: Population-based cohort study
    • Dugue PA, Rebolj M, Hallas J, et al. Risk of cervical cancer in women with autoimmune diseases, in relation with their use of immunosuppressants and screening: population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer. 2015; 136:E711-E719.
    • (2015) Int J Cancer , vol.136 , pp. E711-E719
    • Dugue, P.A.1    Rebolj, M.2    Hallas, J.3
  • 115
    • 84963777949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral cancer and oral precancerous lesions inflammatory bowel diseases: A systematic review
    • Katsanos KH, Roda G, Brygo A, et al. Oral Cancer and Oral Precancerous Lesions Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9:1043-1052.
    • (2015) J Crohns Colitis , vol.9 , pp. 1043-1052
    • Katsanos, K.H.1    Roda, G.2    Brygo, A.3
  • 116
    • 0017404593 scopus 로고
    • Chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child
    • Davis LE, Bodian D, Price D, et al. Chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:241-245.
    • (1977) N Engl J Med , vol.297 , pp. 241-245
    • Davis, L.E.1    Bodian, D.2    Price, D.3
  • 117
    • 70350736360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of disseminated BCG infection found during treatment of an infant with Crohn's disease [in Japanese]
    • Enkai S, Miyakawa T, Kondou S, et al. A case of disseminated BCG infection found during treatment of an infant with Crohn's disease [in Japanese]. Kekkaku. 2009;84:597-603.
    • (2009) Kekkaku , vol.84 , pp. 597-603
    • Enkai, S.1    Miyakawa, T.2    Kondou, S.3
  • 118
    • 39049175106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General recommendations on immunization: Recommendations of the advisory Committee on immunization practices (ACIP)
    • Kroger AT, Atkinson WL, Marcuse EK, et al. General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the advisory Committee on immunization practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55:1-48.
    • (2006) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.55 , pp. 1-48
    • Kroger, A.T.1    Atkinson, W.L.2    Marcuse, E.K.3
  • 119
    • 44849103815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of herpes zoster: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP)
    • Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF. Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008;57:1-30.
    • (2008) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.57 , pp. 1-30
    • Harpaz, R.1    Ortega-Sanchez, I.R.2    Seward, J.F.3
  • 120
    • 84878200273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization for the immunosuppressed traveler
    • Eperon G, Vaudaux B. Immunization for the immunosuppressed traveler. Rev Med Suisse. 2013;9:970-978.
    • (2013) Rev Med Suisse , vol.9 , pp. 970-978
    • Eperon, G.1    Vaudaux, B.2
  • 121
    • 4644359971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for immunizations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Sands BE, Cuffari C, Katz J, et al. Guidelines for immunizations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004; 10:677-692.
    • (2004) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.10 , pp. 677-692
    • Sands, B.E.1    Cuffari, C.2    Katz, J.3
  • 122
    • 84937938317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective population based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease in the biologics era-disease course and predictors of severity
    • Niewiadomski O, Studd C, Hair C, et al. Prospective population based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease in the biologics era-disease course and predictors of severity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;30: 1346-1363.
    • (2015) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.30 , pp. 1346-1363
    • Niewiadomski, O.1    Studd, C.2    Hair, C.3
  • 123
    • 84878022371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penetrating or stricturing diseases are the major determinants of time to first and repeat resection surgery in Crohn's disease
    • Pittet V, Rogler G, Michetti P, et al. Penetrating or stricturing diseases are the major determinants of time to first and repeat resection surgery in Crohn's disease. Digestion. 2013;87:212-221.
    • (2013) Digestion , vol.87 , pp. 212-221
    • Pittet, V.1    Rogler, G.2    Michetti, P.3
  • 124
    • 2942668573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early postoperative complications are not increased in patients with Crohn's disease treated perioperatively with infliximab or immunosuppressive therapy
    • Colombel JF, Loftus EV Jr, Tremaine WJ, et al. Early postoperative complications are not increased in patients with Crohn's disease treated perioperatively with infliximab or immunosuppressive therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:878-883.
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99 , pp. 878-883
    • Colombel, J.F.1    Loftus, E.V.2    Tremaine, W.J.3
  • 125
    • 0242467416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis suggests improved perioperative outcome in Crohn's disease patients receiving immunomodulator therapy after segmental resection and/or strictureplasty
    • Tay GS, Binion DG, Eastwood D, et al. Multivariate analysis suggests improved perioperative outcome in Crohn's disease patients receiving immunomodulator therapy after segmental resection and/or strictureplasty. Surgery. 2003;134:565-572.
    • (2003) Surgery , vol.134 , pp. 565-572
    • Tay, G.S.1    Binion, D.G.2    Eastwood, D.3
  • 126
    • 84908472168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European evidence based consensus on surgery for ulcerative colitis
    • Oresland T, Bemelman WA, Sampietro GM, et al. European evidence based consensus on surgery for ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2015; 9:4-25.
    • (2015) J Crohns Colitis , vol.9 , pp. 4-25
    • Oresland, T.1    Bemelman, W.A.2    Sampietro, G.M.3
  • 127
    • 0028808362 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for early wound complications after orthopedic surgery for rheumatoid arthritis
    • Escalante A, Beardmore TD. Risk factors for early wound complications after orthopedic surgery for rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1995;22: 1844-1851.
    • (1995) J Rheumatol , vol.22 , pp. 1844-1851
    • Escalante, A.1    Beardmore, T.D.2
  • 128
    • 0035089096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate and early postoperative complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery
    • Grennan DM, Gray J, Loudon J, et al. Methotrexate and early postoperative complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60:214-217.
    • (2001) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.60 , pp. 214-217
    • Grennan, D.M.1    Gray, J.2    Loudon, J.3
  • 129
    • 0031017103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection around joint replacements in patients who have a renal or liver transplantation
    • Tannenbaum DA, Matthews LS, Grady-Benson JC. Infection around joint replacements in patients who have a renal or liver transplantation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:36-43.
    • (1997) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.79 , pp. 36-43
    • Tannenbaum, D.A.1    Matthews, L.S.2    Grady-Benson, J.C.3
  • 130
    • 33744824438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine use during pregnancy: Unexpected intrauterine exposure to metabolites
    • de Boer NK, Jarbandhan SV, de GP, et al. Azathioprine use during pregnancy: unexpected intrauterine exposure to metabolites. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:1390-1392.
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 1390-1392
    • De Boer, N.K.1    Jarbandhan, S.V.2    De, G.P.3
  • 131
  • 132
    • 84928194433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease following exposure to thiopurines and antitumor necrosis factor drugs: A systematic review with metaanalysis
    • Mozaffari S, Abdolghaffari AH, Nikfar S, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease following exposure to thiopurines and antitumor necrosis factor drugs: a systematic review with metaanalysis. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2015;34:445-459.
    • (2015) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.34 , pp. 445-459
    • Mozaffari, S.1    Abdolghaffari, A.H.2    Nikfar, S.3
  • 133
    • 34250804976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic drug use in women with Crohn's disease and birth outcomes: A Danish nationwide cohort study
    • Norgard B, Pedersen L, Christensen LA, et al. Therapeutic drug use in women with Crohn's disease and birth outcomes: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1406-1413.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 1406-1413
    • Norgard, B.1    Pedersen, L.2    Christensen, L.A.3
  • 134
    • 84953887240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The second European evidenced-based consensus on reproduction and pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease
    • van der Woude CJ, Ardizzone S, Bengtson MB, et al. The second European evidenced-based consensus on reproduction and pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9: 107-124.
    • (2015) J Crohns Colitis , vol.9 , pp. 107-124
    • Van Der Woude, C.J.1    Ardizzone, S.2    Bengtson, M.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.