Comparison of Human to Macaque Uterosacral-Cardinal Ligament Complex and Its Relationship to Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Toxicologic Pathology

Volumn 36, Issue 7_suppl, 2008, Pages 101S-107S

  Shahryarinejad, Azin ^a   Vardy, Michael David ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

animal models; female reproduction; nonhuman primate

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN TYPE 1; COLLAGEN TYPE 3; ELASTIN; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; GELATINASE A; GELATINASE B; PROGESTERONE; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR;

ADULT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; COLLAGEN FIBER; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; FASCIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE; LIGAMENT; MACAQUE MODEL; NONHUMAN; PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE; PELVIS FLOOR; PELVIS MUSCLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; ROUND LIGAMENT; SACRUM; SPECIES COMPARISON; UTERINE CERVIX; UTEROSACRAL CARDINAL LIGAMENT COMPLEX; UTERUS; VAGINA; VAGINAL VAULT PROLAPSE;

EID: 84992663910     PISSN: 01926233     EISSN: 15331601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0192623308327115     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Abitbol, M.M. (1996). Birth and Human Evolution: Anatomical and Obstetrics Mechanics in Primates. Bergin and Garvey, Westport, CT.
2. Adams, R.J., Rock, J.A., Swindle, M.M., Garnett, N.L., and Porter, W.P. (1985) Surgical correction of genital prolapse in three rhesus monkeys. Lab Anim Sci 35, 405-8.
3. Akita, K., Sakamoto, H., and Sato, T. (1995). Muscles of the pelvic outlet in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) with special reference to nerve supply. Anat Rec 241, 273-83.
4. Ankel-Simons, F. (2007). Primate Anatomy: An Introduction. 3rd Ed. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego.
5. Buller, J.L., Thompson, J.R., Cundiff, G.W., Sullivan, L.K., Schön Ybarra, M.A., and Bent, A.E. (2001). Uterosacral ligament: description of anatomic relationships to optimize surgical safety. Obstet Gynecol 97, 873-79.
6. Blaisdell, F.E. (1917). The anatomy of the sacro-uterine ligaments. Anat Rec 12, 1-42.
7. Campbell, R.M. (1950). The anatomy and histology of the sacro-uterine ligaments. Am J Obstet Gynecol 59, 1-12.
8. Cline, J.M., Soderqvist, G., Register, T.C., Williams, J.K., Adams, M.R., and Von Schoultz, B. (2001). Assesment of hormonally active agents in the reproductive tract of female nonhuman primates. Toxicol Pathol 29, 84-90.
9. Coates, K.W., Galan, H.L., Shull, B.L., and Kuehl, T.J. (1995). The squirrel monkey: an animal model of pelvic relaxation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172, 588-93.
10. Cole, E., Leu, P.B., Gomelsky, A., and Revelo, P. (2005). Histopathological evaluation of the uterosacral ligament: is this a dependable structure for pelvic reconstruction? Br J Urol Intl 97, 345-48.
11. DeLancey, J.O.L. (1994). The anatomy of the pelvic floor. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 6, 313-36.
12. DeLancey, J.O.L. (1998). Size of the urogenital hiatus in the levator ani muscles in normal women and women with pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 91, 364-68.
13. Elftman, H. (1932). The evolution of the pelvic floor of primates. Am J Anat 51, 307-46.
14. Ewies, A.A., Al-Azzawi, F., and Thompson, J. (2003). Changes in extracellular matrix proteins in the cardinal ligaments of post-menopausal women with or without prolapse: a computerized immunohistomorphometric analysis. Hum Reprod 18, 2189-95.
15. Frieden, E.H., and Adams, W.C. (1985). Stimulation of rat uterine collagen synthesis by relaxin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 180, 39-43.
16. Fritsch, H., and Hotzinger, H. (1995). Tomographical anatomy of the pelvis, visceral pelvic connective tissue, and its compartments. Clin Anat 8, 17-24.
17. Gabriel, B., Denschlag, D., Gobel, H., Fittkow, C., Werner, M., Gitsch, G., and Watermann, D. (2005). Uterosacral ligament in postmenopausal women with or without pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 16, 475-79.
18. Jackson, S.R., Avery, N.C., Tarlton, J.F., Eckford, SD, Abrams, P., and Bailey, A.J. (1996). Changes in metabolism of collagen in genitourinary prolapse. Lancet 347, 1658-61.
19. Kökçü, A., Yanik, F., Çetinkaya, M., Alper, T., Kandemir, B., and Malatyalioglu, B. (2002). Histopathological evaluation of the connective tissue of the vaginal fascia and the uterine ligaments in women with and without pelvic relaxation. Arch Gynecol Obstet 266, 75-78.
20. Liapis, A., Bakas, P., Pafiti, A., Frangos-Plemenos, M., Aronoyannaki, N., and Creatsas, G. (2001). Changes of collagen type III in female patients with genuine stress incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 97, 76-79.
21. Liu, S., Yang, R., Al-Shaikh, R., and Lane, J. (1995). Collagen in tendons, ligaments and bone healing. Clin Orthop 318, 265-78.
22. Miklos, J.R., Moore, R.D., and Kohli, N., (2002). Laparoscopic surgery for pelvic support defects. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14, 387-95.
23. Mokrzycki, M.L., Mittal, K, Smilen, S.W., Blechman, A.N., Porges, R.F., and Demopolous, R.I. (1997). Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the uterosacral ligament. Obstet Gynecol 90, 402-4.
24. Nichols, D.H., and Randall, C.L. (1996). Types of Prolapse. In Vaginal Surgery. 4th ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 101-18.
25. Otto, L.N., Slayden, O.D., Clark, A.L., and Brenner, R.M. (2002). The rhesus macaque as an animal model for pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186, 416-21.
26. Phillips, C.H., Anthony, F., Benyon, C., and Monga, A.K. (2006). Collagen metabolism in the uterosacral ligaments and vaginal skin of women with uterine prolapse. BJOG 113, 39-46.
27. Reay-Jones, N.H., Healy, J.C., King, L.J., Saini, S., Shousha, S., and Allen-Mersh, T.G. (2003). Pelvic connective tissue resilience decreases with vaginal delivery, menopause and uterine prolapse. Br J Surg 90, 466-72.
28. Schimpf, M., and Tulikangas, P. (2005). Evolution of the female pelvis and relationships to pelvic organ prolapse. Int Urogynecol J 16, 315-20.
29. Siddique, S.A., Gutman, R.E., Schon Ybarra, M.A., Rojas, F., and Handa, V.L. (2006). Relationship of the uterosacral ligament to the sacral plexus and to the pudendal nerve. Int Urogynecol J 17, 642-45.
30. Sikoski, P., Register, T.C., Lees, C.J., Lundeen, S., Hutchison, J., Brown, K.H., and Cline, J.M. (2007). Effects of two novel selective estrogen receptor modulators, raloxifene, tamoxifen, and ethinyl estradiol on the uterus, vagina and breast in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Am J Obstet Gynecol 196, 1-7.
31. Singh, K., Jakab, M., Reid, W.M., Berger, L.A., and Hoyte, L. (2003). Three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging assessment of levator ani morphologic features in different grades of prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188, 910-15.
32. Swindler, D.R., and Wood, C.D., (1973). An Atlas of Primate Gross Anatomy: Baboon, Chimpanzee, and Man. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
33. Ulfelder, H. (1956). The mechanism of pelvic support in women: deductions from a study of the comparative anatomy and physiology of the structures involved. Am J Obstet Gynecol 72, 856-64.
34. Ulmsten, U., and Falconer, C. (1999). Connective tissue in female urinary incontinence. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 11, 509-15.
35. Umek, W.H., Morgan, D.M., Ashton-Miller, J.A., and DeLancey, J.O.L. (2004). Quantitative analysis of uterosacral ligament origin and insertion points by magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet Gynecol 103, 447-51.
36. Vardy, M.D., Gardner, T.R., Cosman, F., Scotti, R.J., Mikhail, M.S., Preiss-Bloom, O., Williams, J.K., Cline, J.M., and Lindsay, R. (2005). The effects of hormone replacement on the biomechanical properties of the uterosacral and round ligaments in the monkey model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192, 1741-51.
37. Warming L., Christofferson C., Riis B. J., Stakkestad J. A., Delmas P. D., and Christiansen C. (2003). Adverse effects of a SERM (Levormeloxifene). Safety parameters and bone mineral density 12 months after treatment withdrawal. Maturitas 44, 189-99.
38. Weber, A.M., Buchsbaum, G.M., Chen, B., Clark, A.L., Damaser, M.S., Daneshgari, F., Davis, G., DeLancey, J.O.L., Kenton, K., Weidner, A.C., and Word, R. A. (2004). Basic science and translational research in female pelvic floor disorders: proceedings of an NIH-sponsored meeting. Neurourol Urodyn 23, 288-301.
39. Wilson, D.R. (1972). Tail reduction in Macaca. The functional and evolutionary biology of primates. Aldine-Atherton, Chicago, 241-61.
40. Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, M., Akazawa, K., Tajima, S., Wakimoto, H., and Aoyagi, M. (1997). Decrease in elastin gene expression and protein synthesis in fibroblasts derived from cardinal ligaments of patients with prolapsed uteri. Cell Biol Int 21, 605-11.