Disease externalities and net nutrition: Evidence from changes in sanitation and child height in Cambodia, 2005–2010

Economics and Human Biology

Volumn 23, Issue , 2016, Pages 235-245

  Vyas, Sangita ^a   Kov, Phyrum ^b   Smets, Susanna ^b   Spears, Dean ^a,c,d  

^a Research Institute for Compassionate Economics   (United States)

^b World Bank Water and Sanitation Program   (Cambodia)

^c INDIAN STATISTICAL INSTITUTE   (India)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Cambodia; Disease environment; Early life health; Height; Sanitation

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BICYCLE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; BREAST FEEDING; CAMBODIA; CAR; CHILD; CHILD GROWTH; DEFECATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; ELECTRICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION; FATHER; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; MATERNAL AGE; MOTHER; MOTORCYCLE; NEIGHBORHOOD; OBSTETRIC DELIVERY; POLICY; RADIO; READING; REFRIGERATOR; TELEVISION; URBAN AREA; DEMOGRAPHY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; INFANT; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SANITATION; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

BODY HEIGHT; CAMBODIA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; SANITATION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TOILET FACILITIES;

EID: 84992490721     PISSN: 1570677X     EISSN: 18736130     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2016.10.002     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Bateman, O. Massee, Smith, Shelley, A comparison of the health effects of water supply and sanitation in urban and rural Guatamala. WASH Field Report 352, 1991, USAID.
2. Bateman, O. Massee, Smith, Shelley, Roark, Philip, A comparison of the health effects of water supply and sanitation in urban and rural areas of five African countries. WASH Field Report 398, 1993, USAID.
3. Baten, J., Blum, M., Why are you tall while others are short? Agricultural production and other proximate determinants of global heights. Eur. Rev. Econ. Hist. 18:2 (2014), 144–165.
4. Baten, J., Protein supply and nutritional status in nineteenth century Bavaria, Prussia and France. Econ. Hum. Biol. 7:2 (2009), 165–180.
5. Black, R.E., Allen, L.H., Bhutta, Z.A., Caulfield, L.E., De Onis, M., Ezzati, M., Mathers, C., Rivera, J., Maternal and Child Undernutrition Study Group, Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 371:9608 (2008), 243–260.
6. Blinder, Alan S., Wage discrimination: reduced form and structural estimates. J. Hum. Resour. 8 (1973), 436–455.
7. Bozzoli, C., Deaton, A., Quintana-Domeque, C., Adult height and childhood disease. Demography 46:4 (2009), 647–669.
8. Cameron, A. Colin, Gelbach, Jonah B., Miller, Douglas L., Bootstrap-based improvements for inference with clustered errors. Rev. Econ. Stat. 90:3 (2008), 414–427.
9. Cameron, L.A., Shah, M., Olivia, S., Impact evaluation of a large-scale rural sanitation project in Indonesia. World Bank Policy Research, 2013 Working Paper, 6360.
10. Campbell, D.I., Elia, M., Lunn, P.G., Growth faltering in rural Gambian infants is associated with impaired small intestinal barrier function, leading to endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. J. Nutr. 133:5 (2003), 1332–1338.
11. Case, Anne, Paxson, Christina, Stature and status: height, ability, and labor market outcomes. J. Polit. Econ. 116:3 (2008), 499–532.
12. Checkley, W., Gilman, R.H., Black, R.E., Epstein, L.D., Cabrera, L., Sterling, C.R., Moulton, L.H., Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian peri-urban community?. Lancet 363:9403 (2004), 112–118.
13. Clasen, T., Boisson, S., Routray, P., Torondel, B., Bell, M., Cumming, O., Ensink, J., Freeman, M., Jenkins, M., Odagiri, M., Ray, S., Sinha, A., Suar, M., Schmidt, W.P., Effectiveness of a rural sanitation programme on diarrhoea, soil-transmitted helminth infection, and child malnutrition in Odisha, India: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Global Health 2:11 (2014), e645–e653.
14. Coffey, Diane, Gupta, Aashish, Hathi, Payal, Khurana, Nidhi, Spears, Dean, Srivastav, Nikhil, Vyas, Sangita, Revealed preference for open defecation. Econ. Polit. Weekly, 49(38), 2014, 43.
15. Coffey, Diane, Gupta, Aashish, Hathi, Payal, Spears, Dean, Srivastav, Nikhil, Vyas, Sangita, Understanding exceptionally poor sanitation in rural India: Purity, pollution, and untouchablity. 2015 Working paper available at www.riceinstitute.org.
16. Coffey, D., Prepregnancy body mass and weight gain during pregnancy in India and sub-Saharan Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112:11 (2015), 3302–3307.
17. Cummins, J.R., On the Use and Misuse of Child Height-for-Age Z-score in the Demographic and Health Surveys, Working Paper. 2013, University of California, Riverside.
18. Currie, Janet, Healthy, wealthy, and wise: socioeconomic status, poor health in childhood, and human capital development. J. Econ. Lit. 47:1 (2009), 87–122.
19. Deaton, Angus, Panel data from time series of cross-sections. J. Econometr. 30:1 (1985), 109–126.
20. DiNardo, J., Fortin, N.M., Lemieux, T., Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973–1992: a Semiparametric approach. Econometrica 64:5 (1996), 1001–1044.
21. Doblhammer, G., Vaupel, J.W., Lifespan depends on month of birth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98:5 (2001), 2934–2939.
22. Esrey, S.A., Water, waste and well-being: a multi-country study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 143:6 (1996), 608–623.
23. Fortin, N., Lemieux, T., Firpo, S., Decomposition methods in economics. Handb. Labor Econ. 4 (2011), 1–102.
24. Gersovitz, M., Hammer, J.S., The economical control of infectious diseases. Econ. J. 114:492 (2004), 1–27.
25. Gertler, P., Shah, M., Alzua, M.L., Cameron, L., Martinez, S., Patil, S., How Does Health Promotion Work? Evidence From The Dirty Business of Eliminating Open Defecation. No. w20997. 2015, National Bureau of Economic Research.
26. Geruso, M., Spears, D., Neighborhood Sanitation and Infant Mortality. No. w21184. 2015, National Bureau of Economic Research.
27. Geruso, M., Black-white disparities in life expectancy: how much can the standard SES variables explain?. Demography 49:2 (2012), 553–574.
28. Goto, R., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Lunn, P.G., Impact of intestinal permeability, inflammation status and parsitic infections on infant growth faltering in rural Bangladesh. Br. J. Nutr. 101:10 (2009), 1509–1516.
29. Guiteras, R., Levinsohn, J., Mobarak, A.M., Encouraging sanitation investment in the developing world: a cluster-randomized trial. Science 348:6237 (2015), 903–906.
30. Hammer, J.S., Spears, D., Village sanitation and child health: effects and external validity in a randomized field experiment in rural India. J. Health Econ. 48 (2015), 135–148.
31. Hathi, P., Haque, S., Pant, L., Coffey, D., Spears, D., Place and child health: the interaction of population density and sanitation in developing countries. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 2014, 7124.
32. Headey, Derek, The Nutritional Impacts of Sanitation at Scale: Ethiopia. 2015, IFPRI, 2000–2011 Working paper.
33. Humphrey, J.H., Child undernutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets, and handwashing. Lancet 374 (2009), 1032–1035.
34. ICF Macro, Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2010. 2011, National Institute of Statistics, Directorate General of Health, and ICF Macro.
35. Ikeda, N., Irie, Y., Shibuya, K., Determinants of reduced child stunting in Cambodia: analysis of pooled data from three Demographic and Health Surveys. Bull. World Health Organ. 91:5 (2013), 341–349.
36. Jann, B., A Stata implementation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Stata J. 8:4 (2008), 453–479.
37. Knowles, James C., Poverty Profile for Cambodia 2009. 2012, World Bank.
38. Kosek, M., the MAL-ED network, et al. Fecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability associated with the subsequent acquisition of linear growth deficits in infants. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 88:2 (2013), 390–396.
39. Lawson, N., Spears, D., What doesn't kill you makes you poorer: adult wages and the early-life disease environment in India. Econ. Hum. Biol. 21 (2016), 1–16.
40. Lin, A., Arnold, B.F., Afreen, S., Goto, R., Huda, T.M.N., Haque, R., Raqib, R., Unicomb, L., Ahmed, T., Colford, J.M. Jr., Luby, S.P., Household environmental conditions are associated with enteropathy and impaired growth in rural Bangladesh. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89:1 (2013), 130–137.
41. Lunn, P.G., Northrop-Clewes, C.A., Downes, R.M., Intestinal permeability, mucosal injury, and growth faltering in Gambian infants. Lancet 338 (1991), 907–910.
42. Martorell, R., Yarbrough, C., Lechtig, A., Delgado, H., Klein, R.E., Genetic-environmental interactions in physical growth. Acta Paediatr. 66:5 (1977), 579–584.
43. Oaxaca, R., Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. Int. Econ. Rev. 14 (1973), 693–709.
44. Ounsted, M., Scott, A., Ounsted, C., Transmission through the female line of a mechanism constraining human fetal growth. Ann. Hum. Biol. 13:2 (1986), 143–151.
45. Patil, S.R., Arnold, B.F., Salvatore, A.L., Briceno, B., Ganguly, S., Colford, J.M. Jr., Gertler, P.J., The effect of India's total sanitation campaign on defecation behaviors and child health in rural Madhya Pradesh: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med., 2014, 10.1371.
46. Pickering, A.J., Djebbari, H., Lopez, C., Coulibaly, M., Alzua, M.L., Effect of a community-led sanitation intervention on child diarrhoea and child growth in rural Mali: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Global Health 3:11 (2015), e701–e711.
47. Reiger, M., Wagner, N., Child health, its dynamic interaction with nutrition and health memory–evidence from Senegal. Econ. Hum. Biol. 16 (2015), 135–145.
48. Reimers, C.W., Labor market discrimination against Hispanic and black men. Rev. Econ. Stat. 65:4 (1983), 570–579.
49. Robinson, A., Rural Sanitation and Hygiene in Cambodia: The Way Forward?. 2007, World Bank Water and Sanitation Program.
50. Rosenboom, J.W., Jacks, C., Kov, P., Roberts, M., Baker, T., Sanitation marketing in Cambodia. Waterlines 30:1 (2011), 21–40.
51. Schmidt, W.P., Boisson, S., Genser, B., Barreto, M.L., Baisley, K., Filteau, S., Cairncross, S., Weight-for-age z-score as a proxy marker for diarrhoea in epidemiological studies. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 64:12 (2010), 1074–1079.
52. Sobrado, Carlos, Neak, Samsen, Ly, Sodeth, Aldaz-Carroll, Enrique, Gamberoni, Elisa, Arias-Vazquez, Francisco, Fukao, Tsuyoshi, Beng, Simeth, Johnston, Timothy, Joaquin, Miguel San, Bruni, Lucille, de Groot, Richard, Where Have All the Poor Gone? Cambodia Poverty Assessment 2013. 2014, World Bank.
53. Spears, D., Lamba, S., Effects of early-life exposure to sanitation on childhood cognitive skills: evidence from India's Total Sanitation Campaign. J. Hum. Resour. 51:2 (2015), 298–327.
54. Spears, D., Policy Lessons from Implementing India's Total Sanitation Campaign. 2012, India Policy Forum.
55. Spears, D., Height and cognitive achievement among Indian children. Econ. Hum. Biol. 10:2 (2012), 210–219.
56. Spears, D., How Much International Variation in Child Height can Sanitation Explain?. 2013, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6351.
57. Vogl, T.S., Height, skills, and labor market outcomes in Mexico. J. Dev. Econ. 107 (2014), 84–96.
58. Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water: 2015 Update and MDG Assessment. 2015, WHO and UNICEF.
59. Waterlow, J.C., Classification and definition of protein-calorie malnutrition. Br. Med. J., 3(5826), 1972, 566.
60. World Bank, Environmental Health and Child Survival: Epidemiology, Economics, Experiences. 2008, World Bank.
61. de Beer, H., Dairy products and physical stature: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Econ. Hum. Biol. 10:3 (2012), 299–309.