Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based intercropping systems for biological pest control

Pest Management Science

Volumn 72, Issue 12, 2016, Pages 2193-2202

  Lopes, Thomas ^a   Hatt, Séverin ^a,b   Xu, Qinxuan ^a,b   Chen, Julian ^b   Liu, Yong ^c   Francis, Frédéric ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^b INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION   (China)

^c SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

conservation biological control; crop diversity; parasitoids; predators; sustainable agriculture; yield

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CROP DAMAGE; CROP PRODUCTION; CROP YIELD; INSECT; INSECTICIDE; INTERCROPPING; NATURAL ENEMY; PARASITOID; PREDATION; WHEAT;

HEXAPODA; TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL; CROP; GOSSYPIUM; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; INSECT; PEA; PREDATION; PROCEDURES; RAPESEED; WHEAT;

AGRICULTURE; ANIMALS; BRASSICA NAPUS; CROPS, AGRICULTURAL; GOSSYPIUM; INSECTS; PEAS; PEST CONTROL, BIOLOGICAL; PREDATORY BEHAVIOR; TRITICUM;

EID: 84992460269     PISSN: 1526498X     EISSN: 15264998     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ps.4332     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Krebs JR, Wilson JD, Bradbury RB and Siriwardena GM, The second Silent Spring? Nature 400:611–612 (1999).
2. Gibbons D, Morrissey C and Mineau P, A review of the direct and indirect effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on vertebrate wildlife. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:103–118 (2015).
3. Baldi I, Cordier S, Coumoul X, Elbaz A, Gamet-Payrastre L, Le Bailly P et al., Pesticides: Effets sur la Santé. INSERM, Paris, France (2013).
4. Kremen C, Iles A and Bacon C, Diversified farming systems: an agroecological, systems-based alternative to modern industrial agriculture. Ecol Soc 17:44 (2012).
5. Malézieux E, Designing cropping systems from nature. Agron Sustain Dev 32:15–29 (2012).
6. Altieri MA and Rosset P, Agroecology and the conversion of large-scale conventional systems to sustainable management. Int J Environ Stud 50:165–185 (1996).
7. Zhang W, Ricketts TH, Kremen C, Carney K and Swinton SM, Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture. Ecol Econ 64:253–260 (2007).
8. Costanzo A and Bàrberi P, Functional agrobiodiversity and agroecosystem services in sustainable wheat production. Agron Sustain Dev 34:327–348 (2014).
9. Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Ambus P and Jensen ES, Interspecific competition, N use and interference with weeds in pea–barley intercropping. Field Crops Res 70:101–109 (2001).
10. Poggio SL, Structure of weed communities occurring in monoculture and intercropping of field pea and barley. Agric Ecosyst Environ 109:48–58 (2005).
11. Malézieux E, Crozat Y, Dupraz C, Laurans M, Makowski D, Ozier-Lafontaine H et al., Mixing plant species in cropping systems: concepts, tools and models. Agron Sustain Dev 29:43–62 (2009).
12. Anil L, Park J, Phipps RH and Miller FA, Temperate intercropping of cereals for forage. Grass Forage Sci 53:301–317 (1998).
13. Andrews DJ and Kassam AH, The importance of multiple cropping in increasing world food supplies, in Multiple Cropping, ed. by Papendick RI, Sanchez PA and Triplett GB. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 1–10 (1976).
14. Ofori F and Stern WR, Cereal–legume intercropping systems. Adv Agron 41:41–90 (1987).
15. Lithourgidis AS, Dordas CA, Damalas CA and Vlachostergios DN, Annual intercrops: an alternative pathway for sustainable agriculture. Aust J Crop Sci 5:396–410 (2011).
16. Aziz M, Mahmood A, Asif M and Ali A, Wheat-based intercropping: a review. J Anim Plant Sci 25:896–907 (2015).
17. Bedoussac L, Journet E-P, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Naudin C, Corre-Hellou G, Jensen ES et al., Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity achieved by cereal–grain legume intercrops in organic farming. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 35:911–935 (2015).
18. Root RB, Organization of a plant–arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecol Monogr 43:95–124 (1973).
19. Risch SJ, Intercropping as cultural pest control: prospects and limitations. Environ Manag 7:9–14 (1983).
20. Andow DA, Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response. Annu Rev Entomol 36:561–586 (1991).
21. Tonhasca A and Byrne DN, The effects of crop diversification on herbivorous insects: a meta-analysis approach. Ecol Entomol 19:239–244 (1994).
22. Langellotto GA and Denno RF, Responses of invertebrate natural enemies to complex-structured habitats: a meta-analytical synthesis. Oecologia 139:1–10 (2004).
23. Letourneau DK, Armbrecht I, Rivera BS, Lerma JM, Carmona EJ, Daza MC et al., Does plant diversity benefit agroecosystems? A synthetic review. Ecol Applic 21:9–21 (2011).
24. Dassou AG and Tixier P, Response of pest control by generalist predators to local-scale plant diversity: a meta-analysis. Ecol Evol 6:1143–1153 (2016).
25. Connell JH, On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. Am Nat 122:661–696 (1983).
26. Denno RF, McClure MS and Ott JR, Interspecific interactions in phytophagous insects: competition reexamined and resurrected. Annu Rev Entomol 40:297–331 (1995).
27. Root TL, Price JT, Hall KR, Schneider SH, Rosenzweig C and Pounds JA, Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature 421:57–60 (2003).
28. Garratt MPD, Wright DJ and Leather SR, The effects of farming system and fertilisers on pests and natural enemies: a synthesis of current research. Agric Ecosyst Environ 141:261–270 (2011).
29. Haaland C, Naisbit RE and Bersier L-F, Sown wildflower strips for insect conservation: a review. Insect Conserv Divers 4:60–80 (2011).
30. Combs JG, Ketchen DJ, Crook TR and Roth PL, Assessing cumulative evidence within ‘macro’ research: why meta-analysis should be preferred over vote counting. J Manag Stud 48:178–197 (2011).
31. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical computing. [Online]. R Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available: https://www.r-project.org [16 March 2016].
32. Tahvanainen JO and Root RB, The influence of vegetational diversity on the population ecology of a specialized herbivore, Phyllotreta crucifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Oecologia 10:321–346 (1972).
33. Poveda K, Gómez MI and Martínez E, Diversification practices: their effect on pest regulation and production. Rev Colomb Entomol 34:131–144 (2008).
34. Barbosa PA, Hines J, Kaplan I, Martinson H, Szczepaniec A and Szendrei Z, Associational resistance and associational susceptibility: having right or wrong neighbors. Annu Rev Ecol Evolut System 40:1–20 (2009).
35. Ton J, D'Alessandro M, Jourdie V, Jakab G, Karlen D, Held M et al., Priming by airborne signals boosts direct and indirect resistance in maize. Plant J 49:16–26 (2007).
36. Ninkovic V, Dahlin I, Vucetic A, Petrovic-Obradovic O, Glinwood R and Webster B, Volatile exchange between undamaged plants – a new mechanism effecting insect orientation in intercropping. PLoS ONE 8:1–9 (2013).
37. Finch S and Collier RH, Host-plant selection by insects – a theory based on ‘appropriate/inappropriate landings’ by pest insects of cruciferous plants. Entomol Exp Applic 96:91–102 (2000).
38. Theunissen J, Intercropping in field vegetable crops: pest management by agrosystem diversification, an overview. Pestic Sci 42:65–68 (1994).
39. Vandermeer J, The Ecology of Intercropping. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY (1992).
40. Uvah III and Coaker TH, Effect of mixed cropping on some insect pests of carrots and onions. Entomol Exp Applic 36:159–167 (1984).
41. Perrin RM and Phillips ML, Some effects of mixed cropping on the population dynamics of insect pests. Entomol Exp Applic 24:585–593 (1978).
42. Hummel JD, Dosdall LM, Clayton GW, Harker KN and O'Donovan JT, Ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity, activity density, and community structure in a diversified agroecosystem. Environ Entomol 41:72–80 (2012).
43. Lopes T, Bodson B and Francis F, Associations of wheat with pea can reduce aphid infestations. Neotrop Entomol 44:286–293 (2015).
44. Parajulee M and Slosser JE, Evaluation of potential relay strip crops for predator enhancement in Texas cotton. Int J Pest Manag 45:275–286 (1999).
45. Chen P-R, Zhang Z-Q, Wang K, Wang X-Y, Xu W-L and Gao Z-L, Allothrombium pulvinum Ewing (Acari, Trombidiidae), an important early season natural enemy of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom., Aphididae) in cotton. J Appl Entomol 117:113–121 (1994).
46. Landis DA, Wratten SD and Gurr GM, Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. Annu Rev Entomol 45:175–201 (2000).
47. Campbell AJ, Biesmeijer JC, Varma V and Wäckers FL, Realising multiple ecosystem services based on the response of three beneficial insect groups to floral traits and trait diversity. Basic Appl Ecol 13:363–370 (2012).
48. Colley MR and Luna JM, Relative attractiveness of potential beneficial insectary plants to aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Environ Entomol 29:1054–1059 (2000).
49. Knörzer H, Graeff-Hönninger S, Guo B, Wang P and Claupein W, The rediscovery of intercropping in China: a traditional cropping system for future Chinese agriculture – a review, in Climate Change, Intercropping, Pest Control and Beneficial Microorganisms, ed. by Lichtfouse E. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 13–44 (2009).
50. Feike T, Doluschitz R, Chen Q, Graeff-Hönninger S and Claupein W, How to overcome the slow death of intercropping in the north China plain. Sustainability 4:2550–2565 (2012).
51. Doré T, Makowski D, Malézieux E, Munier-Jolain N, Tchamitchian M and Tittonell P, Facing up to the paradigm of ecological intensification in agronomy: revisiting methods, concepts and knowledge. Eur J Agron 34:197–210 (2011).
52. Wezel A, Casagrande M, Celette F, Vian J-F, Ferrer A and Peigné J, Agroecological practices for sustainable agriculture. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 34:1–20 (2014).
53. De Schutter O, Agro-ecology and the right to food. Report presented to the 16th Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council, New York, NY (2010).
54. Guillou M, Guyomard H, Huyghe C and Peyraud J-L, Vers des Agricultures Doublement Performantes pour Concilier Compétitivité et Respect de l'Environnement. [Online]. Available: http://www.chaire-aei.fr/files/fck/files/Agroecologie%20-MinAgri-Rap%20M%20Guillou-Jun13.pdf [1 December 2014].
55. Thorsted MD, Weiner J and Olesen JE, Above- and below-ground competition between intercropped winter wheat Triticum aestivum and white clover Trifolium repens. J Appl Ecol 43:237–245 (2006).
56. Khan ZR, Hassanali A, Overholt W, Khamis TM, Hooper AM, Pickett JA et al., Control of witchweed Striga hermonthica by intercropping with Desmodium sp. and the mechanism defined as allelopathic. J Chem Ecol 28:1871–1885 (2002).
57. Zhang L, van der Werf W, Zhang S, Li B and Spiertz JHJ, Growth, yield and quality of wheat and cotton in relay strip intercropping systems. Field Crops Res 103:178–188 (2007).
58. Zhang L, Spiertz JHJ, Zhang S, Li B and van der Werf W, Nitrogen economy in relay intercropping systems of wheat and cotton. Plant Soil 303:55–68 (2008).
59. Ghaley BB, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Høgh-Jensen H and Jensen ES, Intercropping of wheat and pea as influenced by nitrogen fertilization. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 73:201–212 (2005).
60. Pelzer E, Bazot M, Makowski D, Corre-Hellou G, Naudin C, Al Rifaï M et al., Pea–wheat intercrops in low-input conditions combine high economic performances and low environmental impacts. Eur J Agron 40:39–53 (2012).
61. Lithourgidis AS, Vlachostergios DN, Dordas CA and Damalas CA, Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea–cereal intercropping systems. Eur J Agron 34:287–294 (2011).
62. Lu M, Yuan B, Zeng M and Chen J, Antioxidant capacity and major phenolic compounds of spices commonly consumed in China. Food Res Int 44:530–536 (2011).
63. Raymer PL, Canola: an emerging oilseed crop, in Trends in New Crops and New Uses, ed. by Janick J and Whipkey A. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, pp. 122–126 (2002).
64. Carter CA and Zhong F, Rural wheat consumption in China. Am J Agric Econ 81:582–592 (1999).
65. Morgounov A, Ferney Gómez-Becerra H, Abugalieva A, Dzhunusova M, Yessimbekova M, Muminjanov H et al., Iron and zinc grain density in common wheat grown in Central Asia. Euphytica 155:193–203 (2007).
66. Wang G, Cui LL, Dong J, Francis F, Liu Y and Tooker J, Combining intercropping with semiochemical releases: optimization of alternative control of Sitobion avenae in wheat crops in China. Entomol Exp Applic 140:189–195 (2011).
67. Colignon P, Gaspar C, Haubruge E and Francis F, Impact of close habitat on the entomological diversity and abundance in carrot open fields. Meded Fac Landbkund Toegepaste Biol Wet (Rijksunivers Gent) 67:481–486 (2002).
68. Morandin LA, Long RF and Kremen C, Hedgerows enhance beneficial insects on adjacent tomato fields in an intensive agricultural landscape. Agric Ecosyst Environ 189:164–170 (2014).
69. Fahrig L, Girard J, Duro D, Pasher J, Smith A, Javorek S et al., Farmlands with smaller crop fields have higher within-field biodiversity. Agric Ecosyst Environ 200:219–234 (2015).
70. Skelton LE and Barrett GW, A comparison of conventional and alternative agroecosystems using alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Renew Agric Food Syst 20:38–47 (2005).
71. Ma KZ, Hao SG, Zhao HY and Kang L, Strip cropping wheat and alfalfa to improve the biological control of the wheat aphid Macrosiphum avenae by the mite Allothrombium ovatum. Agric Ecosyst Environ 119:49–52 (2007).
72. Fathi SAA, Nouri-Ganbalani G and Belali-Mashkour E, Evaluation of two wheat cropping systems for enhancing biological control of the wheat thrips, Haplothrips tritici (Thys.: Phlaeothripidae). J Entomol Soc Iran 33:49–85 (2013).
73. Saeed Q, Zaka M, Saeed S and Bakhtawar M, Lucerne as trap crop in wheat for development of predators population against wheat aphids (Aphididae: Homoptera). Pak J Zool 45:193–196 (2013).
74. Wang WL, Liu Y, Ji XL, Wang G and Zhou HB, Effects of wheat–oilseed rape or wheat–garlic intercropping on the population dynamics of Sitobion avenae and its main natural enemies. Chinese J Appl Ecol 19:1331–1336 (2008).
75. Zhou HB, Chen JL, Liu Y, Francis F, Haubruge É, Bragard C et al., Influence of garlic intercropping or active emitted volatiles in releasers on aphid and related beneficials in wheat fields in China. J Integr Agric 12:467–473 (2013).
76. Xie HC, Chen JL, Cheng DF, Zhou HB, Sun JR, Liu Y et al., Impact of wheat–mung bean intercropping on English grain aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations and its natural enemy. J Econ Entomol 105:854–859 (2012).
77. Xie HC, Chen JL, Cheng DF, Zhou HB, Sun JR, Liu Y et al., The function of ecological regulation to aphids in the wheat intercropping field. Plant Prot 1:12 (2012).
78. Wang WL, Liu Y, Chen JL, Ji XL, Zhou HB and Wang G, Impact of intercropping aphid-resistant wheat cultivars with oilseed rape on wheat aphid (Sitobion avenae) and its natural enemies. Acta Ecol Sin 29:186–191 (2009).
79. Sarwar M, Effects of wheat and barley intercropping ecosystem on the prevalence of aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) population in canola (Brassica napus L.) crop. Biol Divers Conserv 4:11–16 (2011).
80. Dong J, Liu YJ, Li PL, Lin FJ, Chen JL and Liu Y, Ecological effects of wheat–oilseed rape intercropping combined with methyl salicylate release on Sitobion avenae and its main natural enemies. Chinese J Appl Ecol 23:2843–2848 (2012).
81. Sherawat SM, Butt A and Tahir HM, Effect of brassica strips on the population of aphids and arthropod predators in wheat ecosystem. Pak J Zool 44:173–179 (2012).
82. Ehsan-Ul-Haq and Van Emden HF, Effects of intercropping wheat and peas on the growth and development of Metopolophium dirhodum and Aphidius rhopalosiphi (a glasshouse simulation). Pak J Zool 35:271–275 (2003).
83. Zhou HB, Chen JL, Cheng DF, Liu Y and Sun JR, Effects of wheat–pea intercropping on the population dynamics of Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its main natural enemies. Acta Ecol Sin 52:775–782 (2009).
84. Zhou HB, Chen L, Chen JL, Cheng DF, Liu Y and Sun JR, Effect of intercropping between wheat and pea on spatial distribution of Sitobion avenae based on GIS. Sci Agric Sin 42:3904–3913 (2009).
85. Zhou HB, Chen L, Chen JL, Francis F, Haubruge E, Liu Y et al., Adaptation of wheat–pea intercropping pattern in China to reduce Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) occurrence by promoting natural enemies. Agroecol Sustain Food Syst 37:1001–1016 (2013).
86. Chen ZJ, Wu GJ, and Zhang M, Study on the efficacies of wheat–pepper interplantation to evade aphid damage and alleviate virus disease. Acta Phytophyl Sin 22:343–347 (1995).
87. Zhao JZ, Yang QH and Xie YQ, Effect of intercropping of wheat with cotton on cotton pest. China Cotton 2:41–43 (1987).
88. Mu JY, Li ZH and Mu SM, Control index of Aphis gossypii Glover and comprehensive control of main insect pests on cotton interplanted with wheat. J Shandong Agric Sci 3:33–36 (1993).
89. Wang HZ and Zhao HL, The ecological effects of cotton interplanted in wheat field on cotton pests. Acta Phytophyl Sin 20:163–167 (1993).
90. Chen ZJ, Wu GJ and Zhang SL, Integrated pest management in cotton field of wheat interplanting with cotton. Acta Agric Boreali Occidentalis Sin 7:27–31 (1998).
91. Parajulee M, Montandon R and Slosser JE, Relay intercropping to enhance abundance of insect predators of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) in Texas cotton. Int J Pest Manag 43:227–232 (1997).
92. Ma XM, Liu XX, Zhang QW, Zhao JZ, Cai QN, Ma YA et al., Assessment of cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii, and their natural enemies on aphid-resistant and aphid-susceptible wheat varieties in a wheat–cotton relay intercropping system. Entomol Exp Applic 121:235–241 (2006).
93. Ma XM, Zhang H and Liu XX, Economic profit of intercropping of wheat and transgenic Bt cotton and its effect on cotton aphids and natural enemies. Acta Phytophyl Sin 34:167–172 (2007).
94. Wang W, Yao J, Li HB, Zhang Y, Wang D and Ma GL, Occurrence of predators in different cotton fields in south Xinjiang. Plant Prot 5:10 (2009).
95. Tingey WM and Lamont WJ, Insect abundance in field beans altered by intercropping. Bull Entomol Res 78:527–535 (1988).
96. Phoofolo MW, Giles KL and Elliott NC, Effects of relay-intercropping sorghum with winter wheat, alfalfa, and cotton on lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) abundance and species composition. Environ Entomol 39:763–774 (2010).
97. Hammond RB and Jeffers DL, Potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) populations on soybean relay intercropped into winter wheat. Environ Entomol 19:1810–1819 (1990).
98. Miklasiewicz TJ and Hammond RB, Density of potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in response to soybean–wheat cropping systems. Environ Entomol 30:204–214 (2001).
99. Paulsen HM, Schochow M, Ulber B, Kühne S and Rahmann G, Mixed cropping systems for biological control of weeds and pests in organic oilseed crops. Aspects Appl Biol 79:215–220 (2006).
100. Hummel JD, Dosdall LM, Clayton GW, Harker KN and O'Donovan JT, Effects of canola wheat intercrops on Delia spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) oviposition, larval feeding damage, and adult abundance. J Econ Entomol 102:219–228 (2009).
101. Hummel JD, Dosdall LM, Clayton GW, Turkington TK, Lupwayi NZ, Harker KN et al., Canola–wheat intercrops for improved agronomic performance and integrated pest management. Agron J 101:1190–1197 (2009).
102. Hummel JD, Dosdall LM, Clayton GW, Harker KN and O'Donovan JT, Responses of the parasitoids of Delia radicum (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) to the vegetational diversity of intercrops. Biol Control 55:151–158 (2010).
103. Hansen LM, Lorentsen L and Boelt B, How to reduce the incidence of black bean aphids (Aphis fabae Scop.) attacking organic growing field beans (Vicia faba L.) by growing partially resistant bean varieties and by intercropping field beans with cereals. Acta Agric Scand B Soil Plant Sci 58:359–364 (2008).
104. Ndzana RA, Magro A, Bedoussac L, Justes E, Journet E-P and Hemptinne J-L, Is there an associational resistance of winter pea–durum wheat intercrops towards Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris? J Appl Entomol 138:577–585 (2014).
105. Mehto DN, Singh KM and Singh RN, Influence of intercropping on succession and population build up of insect pests in chickpea, Cicer arietinum Linn. Indian J Entomol 50:257–275 (1988).
106. Das SB, Impact of intercropping on Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb.): incidence and crop yield of chickpea in West Nimar Valley of Madhya Pradesh. Insect Environ 4:84–85 (1998).
107. Hossain MA, Management of chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) through intercroppings and insecticide spraying. Thai J Agric Sci 36:51–56 (2003).
108. Zhang SH, Improvement of integrated control of cotton diseases and insect pests at seedling stage. China Cotton 3:42–43 (1990).
109. Xia JY, Wang CY and Cui SZ, Comparative studies on life tables of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) in different cotton cropping systems. Acta Gossypii Sin 12:281–287 (2000).
110. Yang JC, Liu JJ, An ZY, Zhu YY, Li CY, Chen XD et al., Analyses on effect of interplanting on diseases and pest control and yield increase of wheat and faba bean. J Yunnan Agric Univ 24:340–348 (2009).
111. Mishra SK, Kanwat PM and Sharma JK, Effect of dates of sowing and intercropping on the seed yield and incidence of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.). Ann Agric Res 22:445–446 (2001).
112. Tiwari M, Singh CP and Goel R, Effect of intercropping on the population, dynamics of insect pests and yield of mustard. Shashpa 12:106–110 (2005).
113. Ansari NA, Mishra VA, Madhvi P, Srivastava GP and Tewari JP, Role of intercropping on population build-up of Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (L.) on mustard. Flora Fauna 13:41–42 (2007).
114. Masih R, Hashmi AA and Khan NA, Effect of different intercroppings on incidence of insect pests of sugarcane. Pak J Agric Res 9:469–472 (1988).