메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 391-411

Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Syndromes: Implications for Contemporary Practice

Author keywords

Akathisia; Antipsychotic drugs; Catatonia; Dystonia; Neuroleptic malignant syndrome; Parkinsonism; Schizophrenia; Tardive dyskinesia

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CLOZAPINE; DANTROLENE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; HALOPERIDOL; MEMANTINE; MIRTAZAPINE; MUSCARINIC AGENT; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NICOTINIC AGENT; PERPHENAZINE; PLACEBO; PROPRANOLOL; QUETIAPINE; SEROTONIN 2A ANTAGONIST; TETRABENAZINE;

EID: 84991269945     PISSN: 0193953X     EISSN: 15583147     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2016.04.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (64)

References (128)
  • 1
    • 0004043934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A guide to the extrapyramidal side-effects of antipsychotic drugs
    • 2nd edition Cambridge University Press Cambridge (United Kingdom)
    • 1 Owens, D.G.C., A guide to the extrapyramidal side-effects of antipsychotic drugs. 2nd edition, 2014, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (United Kingdom).
    • (2014)
    • Owens, D.G.C.1
  • 2
    • 0016237473 scopus 로고
    • Why do schizophrenic patients refuse to take their drugs?
    • 2 Van Putten, T., Why do schizophrenic patients refuse to take their drugs?. Arch Gen Psychiatry 31 (1975), 67–72.
    • (1975) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.31 , pp. 67-72
    • Van Putten, T.1
  • 3
    • 0023233081 scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidal side effects: a historical perspective
    • 3 Rifkin, A., Extrapyramidal side effects: a historical perspective. J Clin Psychiatry 48:Suppl (1987), 3–6.
    • (1987) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 3-6
    • Rifkin, A.1
  • 4
    • 0018838687 scopus 로고
    • The neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • 4 Caroff, S., The neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 41 (1980), 79–83.
    • (1980) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 79-83
    • Caroff, S.1
  • 5
    • 0023812652 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine
    • 5 Kane, J., Honigfeld, G., Singer, J., et al. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:9 (1988), 789–796.
    • (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.9 , pp. 789-796
    • Kane, J.1    Honigfeld, G.2    Singer, J.3
  • 6
    • 0030795988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple fixed doses of “Seroquel” (quetiapine) in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a comparison with haloperidol and placebo. The Seroquel Trial 13 Study Group
    • 6 Arvanitis, L.A., Miller, B.G., Multiple fixed doses of “Seroquel” (quetiapine) in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a comparison with haloperidol and placebo. The Seroquel Trial 13 Study Group. Biol Psychiatry 42:4 (1997), 233–246.
    • (1997) Biol Psychiatry , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 233-246
    • Arvanitis, L.A.1    Miller, B.G.2
  • 7
    • 0038488945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole, an antipsychotic with a novel mechanism of action, and risperidone vs placebo in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
    • 7 Potkin, S.G., Saha, A.R., Kujawa, M.J., et al. Aripiprazole, an antipsychotic with a novel mechanism of action, and risperidone vs placebo in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60:7 (2003), 681–690.
    • (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.60 , Issue.7 , pp. 681-690
    • Potkin, S.G.1    Saha, A.R.2    Kujawa, M.J.3
  • 8
    • 0030993030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective and schizophreniform disorders: results of an international collaborative trial
    • 8 Tollefson, G.D., Beasley, C.M. Jr., Tran, P.V., et al. Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective and schizophreniform disorders: results of an international collaborative trial. Am J Psychiatry 154:4 (1997), 457–465.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , Issue.4 , pp. 457-465
    • Tollefson, G.D.1    Beasley, C.M.2    Tran, P.V.3
  • 9
    • 0028342655 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia
    • 9 Marder, S.R., Meibach, R.C., Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 151:6 (1994), 825–835.
    • (1994) Am J Psychiatry , vol.151 , Issue.6 , pp. 825-835
    • Marder, S.R.1    Meibach, R.C.2
  • 10
    • 0033136622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ziprasidone 80 mg/day and 160 mg/day in the acute exacerbation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: a 6-week placebo-controlled trial. Ziprasidone Study Group
    • 10 Daniel, D.G., Zimbroff, D.L., Potkin, S.G., et al. Ziprasidone 80 mg/day and 160 mg/day in the acute exacerbation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: a 6-week placebo-controlled trial. Ziprasidone Study Group. Neuropsychopharmacology 20:5 (1999), 491–505.
    • (1999) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 491-505
    • Daniel, D.G.1    Zimbroff, D.L.2    Potkin, S.G.3
  • 11
    • 23944442440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response and relapse in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, or haloperidol: 12-month follow-up of the intercontinental schizophrenia outpatient health outcomes (IC-SOHO) study
    • 11 Dossenbach, M., Arango-Davila, C., Silva Ibarra, H., et al. Response and relapse in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, or haloperidol: 12-month follow-up of the intercontinental schizophrenia outpatient health outcomes (IC-SOHO) study. J Clin Psychiatry 66:8 (2005), 1021–1030.
    • (2005) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.8 , pp. 1021-1030
    • Dossenbach, M.1    Arango-Davila, C.2    Silva Ibarra, H.3
  • 12
    • 1542373740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review of 1-year studies
    • 12 Correll, C.U., Leucht, S., Kane, J.M., Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review of 1-year studies. Am J Psychiatry 161:3 (2004), 414–425.
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-425
    • Correll, C.U.1    Leucht, S.2    Kane, J.M.3
  • 13
    • 26644456940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antipsychotic treatment on tardive dyskinesia: a 6-month evaluation of patients from the European schizophrenia outpatient health outcomes (SOHO) study
    • 13 Tenback, D.E., van Harten, P.N., Slooff, C.J., et al. Effects of antipsychotic treatment on tardive dyskinesia: a 6-month evaluation of patients from the European schizophrenia outpatient health outcomes (SOHO) study. J Clin Psychiatry 66:9 (2005), 1130–1133.
    • (2005) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.9 , pp. 1130-1133
    • Tenback, D.E.1    van Harten, P.N.2    Slooff, C.J.3
  • 14
    • 0036128689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders associated with atypical antipsychotic drugs
    • 14 Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Campbell, E.C., et al. Movement disorders associated with atypical antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 63:Suppl 4 (2002), 12–19.
    • (2002) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 12-19
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Mann, S.C.2    Campbell, E.C.3
  • 15
    • 0036180418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of newer antipsychotics on extrapyramidal function
    • 15 Tarsy, D., Baldessarini, R.J., Tarazi, F.I., Effects of newer antipsychotics on extrapyramidal function. CNS Drugs 16:1 (2002), 23–45.
    • (2002) CNS Drugs , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-45
    • Tarsy, D.1    Baldessarini, R.J.2    Tarazi, F.I.3
  • 16
    • 0023783650 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia: prevalence, incidence, and risk factors
    • 16 Kane, J.M., Woerner, M., Lieberman, J., Tardive dyskinesia: prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. J Clin Psychopharmacol 8:4 Suppl (1988), 52S–56S.
    • (1988) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 52S-56S
    • Kane, J.M.1    Woerner, M.2    Lieberman, J.3
  • 17
    • 0034097416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expected incidence of tardive dyskinesia associated with atypical antipsychotics
    • 17 Glazer, W.M., Expected incidence of tardive dyskinesia associated with atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 61:Suppl 4 (2000), 21–26.
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 21-26
    • Glazer, W.M.1
  • 18
    • 0034016037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidal side effects, tardive dyskinesia, and the concept of atypicality
    • 18 Glazer, W.M., Extrapyramidal side effects, tardive dyskinesia, and the concept of atypicality. J Clin Psychiatry 61:Suppl 3 (2000), 16–21.
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 16-21
    • Glazer, W.M.1
  • 19
    • 0033521616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • 19 Leucht, S., Pitschel-Walz, G., Abraham, D., et al. Efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Schizophr Res 35:1 (1999), 51–68.
    • (1999) Schizophr Res , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-68
    • Leucht, S.1    Pitschel-Walz, G.2    Abraham, D.3
  • 20
    • 0026091799 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of novel antipsychotic drugs
    • 20 Meltzer, H.Y., The mechanism of action of novel antipsychotic drugs. Schizophr Bull 17:2 (1991), 263–287.
    • (1991) Schizophr Bull , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-287
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1
  • 21
    • 0038653525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics
    • 21 Davis, J.M., Chen, N., Glick, I.D., A meta-analysis of the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60:6 (2003), 553–564.
    • (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 553-564
    • Davis, J.M.1    Chen, N.2    Glick, I.D.3
  • 22
    • 0034598111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression analysis
    • 22 Geddes, J., Freemantle, N., Harrison, P., et al. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 321:7273 (2000), 1371–1376.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , Issue.7273 , pp. 1371-1376
    • Geddes, J.1    Freemantle, N.2    Harrison, P.3
  • 23
    • 0038582771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • 23 Leucht, S., Wahlbeck, K., Hamann, J., et al. New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 361:9369 (2003), 1581–1589.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , Issue.9369 , pp. 1581-1589
    • Leucht, S.1    Wahlbeck, K.2    Hamann, J.3
  • 24
    • 0345293130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and cost of olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial
    • 24 Rosenheck, R., Perlick, D., Bingham, S., et al. Effectiveness and cost of olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 290:20 (2003), 2693–2702.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , Issue.20 , pp. 2693-2702
    • Rosenheck, R.1    Perlick, D.2    Bingham, S.3
  • 25
    • 33745875644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol dose when used as active comparator in randomized controlled trials with atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia: comparison with officially recommended doses
    • 25 Hugenholtz, G.W., Heerdink, E.R., Stolker, J.J., et al. Haloperidol dose when used as active comparator in randomized controlled trials with atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia: comparison with officially recommended doses. J Clin Psychiatry 67:6 (2006), 897–903.
    • (2006) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 897-903
    • Hugenholtz, G.W.1    Heerdink, E.R.2    Stolker, J.J.3
  • 26
    • 33749321169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of the effect on quality of life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: cost utility of the latest antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia study (CUtLASS 1)
    • 26 Jones, P.B., Barnes, T.R., Davies, L., et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect on quality of life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: cost utility of the latest antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia study (CUtLASS 1). Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:10 (2006), 1079–1087.
    • (2006) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.63 , Issue.10 , pp. 1079-1087
    • Jones, P.B.1    Barnes, T.R.2    Davies, L.3
  • 27
    • 40349094467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia and new antipsychotics
    • 27 Correll, C.U., Schenk, E.M., Tardive dyskinesia and new antipsychotics. Curr Opin Psychiatry 21:2 (2008), 151–156.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Psychiatry , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-156
    • Correll, C.U.1    Schenk, E.M.2
  • 28
    • 25144456112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia
    • 28 Lieberman, J.A., Stroup, T.S., McEvoy, J.P., et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 353:12 (2005), 1209–1223.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , Issue.12 , pp. 1209-1223
    • Lieberman, J.A.1    Stroup, T.S.2    McEvoy, J.P.3
  • 29
    • 53949112680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidal side-effects of antipsychotics in a randomised trial
    • 29 Miller, D.D., Caroff, S.N., Davis, S.M., et al. Extrapyramidal side-effects of antipsychotics in a randomised trial. Br J Psychiatry 193:4 (2008), 279–288.
    • (2008) Br J Psychiatry , vol.193 , Issue.4 , pp. 279-288
    • Miller, D.D.1    Caroff, S.N.2    Davis, S.M.3
  • 31
    • 0021036038 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal reactions: classification, description, and diagnosis
    • 31 Tarsy, D., Neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal reactions: classification, description, and diagnosis. Clin Neuropharmacol 6:Suppl 1 (1983), S9–S26.
    • (1983) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.6 , pp. S9-S26
    • Tarsy, D.1
  • 32
    • 78650251837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders induced by antipsychotic drugs: implications of the CATIE schizophrenia trial
    • 32 Caroff, S.N., Hurford, I., Lybrand, J., et al. Movement disorders induced by antipsychotic drugs: implications of the CATIE schizophrenia trial. Neurol Clin 29:1 (2011), 127–148.
    • (2011) Neurol Clin , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-148
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Hurford, I.2    Lybrand, J.3
  • 33
    • 60349087399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the risk of acute extrapyramidal symptoms with intramuscular antipsychotics for the treatment of agitation
    • 33 Satterthwaite, T.D., Wolf, D.H., Rosenheck, R.A., et al. A meta-analysis of the risk of acute extrapyramidal symptoms with intramuscular antipsychotics for the treatment of agitation. J Clin Psychiatry 69:12 (2008), 1869–1879.
    • (2008) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.12 , pp. 1869-1879
    • Satterthwaite, T.D.1    Wolf, D.H.2    Rosenheck, R.A.3
  • 34
    • 33747834620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dystonia
    • 34 Tarsy, D., Simon, D.K., Dystonia. N Engl J Med 355:8 (2006), 818–829.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , Issue.8 , pp. 818-829
    • Tarsy, D.1    Simon, D.K.2
  • 35
    • 0033523432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute dystonia induced by drug treatment
    • 35 van Harten, P.N., Hoek, H.W., Kahn, R.S., Acute dystonia induced by drug treatment. BMJ 319:7210 (1999), 623–626.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , Issue.7210 , pp. 623-626
    • van Harten, P.N.1    Hoek, H.W.2    Kahn, R.S.3
  • 37
    • 0025062380 scopus 로고
    • The dystonias
    • 37 Marsden, C.D., Quinn, N.P., The dystonias. BMJ 300:6718 (1990), 139–144.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.300 , Issue.6718 , pp. 139-144
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Quinn, N.P.2
  • 38
    • 0036212214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of primary dystonias and related disorders
    • 38 Nemeth, A.H., The genetics of primary dystonias and related disorders. Brain 125:Pt 4 (2002), 695–721.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 695-721
    • Nemeth, A.H.1
  • 39
    • 0023548369 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of neuroleptic-induced dystonia
    • 39 Keepers, G.A., Casey, D.E., Prediction of neuroleptic-induced dystonia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 7:5 (1987), 342–345.
    • (1987) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 342-345
    • Keepers, G.A.1    Casey, D.E.2
  • 40
    • 84877995410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genetic dissection of antipsychotic induced movement disorders
    • 40 Crisafulli, C., Drago, A., Sidoti, A., et al. A genetic dissection of antipsychotic induced movement disorders. Curr Med Chem 20:3 (2013), 312–330.
    • (2013) Curr Med Chem , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 312-330
    • Crisafulli, C.1    Drago, A.2    Sidoti, A.3
  • 41
    • 0020629612 scopus 로고
    • Initial anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes
    • 41 Keepers, G.A., Clappison, V.J., Casey, D.E., Initial anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 40:10 (1983), 1113–1117.
    • (1983) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.40 , Issue.10 , pp. 1113-1117
    • Keepers, G.A.1    Clappison, V.J.2    Casey, D.E.3
  • 42
    • 0030959617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapyramidal symptoms in patients treated with risperidone
    • 42 Simpson, G.M., Lindenmayer, J.P., Extrapyramidal symptoms in patients treated with risperidone. J Clin Psychopharmacol 17:3 (1997), 194–201.
    • (1997) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 194-201
    • Simpson, G.M.1    Lindenmayer, J.P.2
  • 43
    • 0023802091 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia
    • 43 Arana, G.W., Goff, D.C., Baldessarini, R.J., et al. Efficacy of anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia. Am J Psychiatry 145:8 (1988), 993–996.
    • (1988) Am J Psychiatry , vol.145 , Issue.8 , pp. 993-996
    • Arana, G.W.1    Goff, D.C.2    Baldessarini, R.J.3
  • 44
    • 46749102129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms and their management
    • 44 Dayalu, P., Chou, K.L., Antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms and their management. Expert Opin Pharmacother 9:9 (2008), 1451–1462.
    • (2008) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 1451-1462
    • Dayalu, P.1    Chou, K.L.2
  • 45
    • 0031867881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of primary dystonia
    • 45 Berardelli, A., Rothwell, J.C., Hallett, M., et al. The pathophysiology of primary dystonia. Brain 121:Pt 7 (1998), 1195–1212.
    • (1998) Brain , vol.121 , pp. 1195-1212
    • Berardelli, A.1    Rothwell, J.C.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 46
    • 67649700451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug induced parkinsonism: a common cause of parkinsonism in older people
    • 46 Thanvi, B., Treadwell, S., Drug induced parkinsonism: a common cause of parkinsonism in older people. Postgrad Med J 85:1004 (2009), 322–326.
    • (2009) Postgrad Med J , vol.85 , Issue.1004 , pp. 322-326
    • Thanvi, B.1    Treadwell, S.2
  • 47
    • 78549277142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The status of olfactory function and the striatal dopaminergic system in drug-induced parkinsonism
    • 47 Bovi, T., Antonini, A., Ottaviani, S., et al. The status of olfactory function and the striatal dopaminergic system in drug-induced parkinsonism. J Neurol 257:11 (2010), 1882–1889.
    • (2010) J Neurol , vol.257 , Issue.11 , pp. 1882-1889
    • Bovi, T.1    Antonini, A.2    Ottaviani, S.3
  • 48
    • 84901835119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of hyposmia and other non-motor symptoms to distinguish between drug-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease
    • 48 Morley, J.F., Duda, J.E., Use of hyposmia and other non-motor symptoms to distinguish between drug-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. J Parkinsons Dis 4:2 (2014), 169–173.
    • (2014) J Parkinsons Dis , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-173
    • Morley, J.F.1    Duda, J.E.2
  • 49
    • 84902333935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease that predict persistent drug-induced Parkinsonism
    • 49 Morley, J.F., Pawlowski, S.M., Kesari, A., et al. Motor and non-motor features of Parkinson's disease that predict persistent drug-induced Parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20:7 (2014), 738–742.
    • (2014) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.20 , Issue.7 , pp. 738-742
    • Morley, J.F.1    Pawlowski, S.M.2    Kesari, A.3
  • 50
    • 0021066909 scopus 로고
    • General principles of treatment of extrapyramidal syndromes
    • 50 Gelenberg, A.J., General principles of treatment of extrapyramidal syndromes. Clin Neuropharmacol 6:Suppl 1 (1983), S52–S56.
    • (1983) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.6 , pp. S52-S56
    • Gelenberg, A.J.1
  • 51
    • 68649124020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic susceptibility in Parkinson's disease
    • 51 Bras, J.M., Singleton, A., Genetic susceptibility in Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:7 (2009), 597–603.
    • (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1792 , Issue.7 , pp. 597-603
    • Bras, J.M.1    Singleton, A.2
  • 52
    • 0016138354 scopus 로고
    • Antischizophrenic drugs and brain cholinergic receptors. Affinity for muscarinic sites predicts extrapyramidal effects
    • 52 Snyder, S., Greenberg, D., Yamamura, H.I., Antischizophrenic drugs and brain cholinergic receptors. Affinity for muscarinic sites predicts extrapyramidal effects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 31:1 (1974), 58–61.
    • (1974) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-61
    • Snyder, S.1    Greenberg, D.2    Yamamura, H.I.3
  • 53
    • 0036085374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 28-week comparison of ziprasidone and haloperidol in outpatients with stable schizophrenia
    • 53 Hirsch, S.R., Kissling, W., Bauml, J., et al. A 28-week comparison of ziprasidone and haloperidol in outpatients with stable schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 63:6 (2002), 516–523.
    • (2002) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 516-523
    • Hirsch, S.R.1    Kissling, W.2    Bauml, J.3
  • 54
    • 0032893560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical analysis and comparison of the side-effect and safety profiles of the new antipsychotics
    • 54 Barnes, T.R., McPhillips, M.A., Critical analysis and comparison of the side-effect and safety profiles of the new antipsychotics. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 38 (1999), 34–43.
    • (1999) Br J Psychiatry Suppl , vol.38 , pp. 34-43
    • Barnes, T.R.1    McPhillips, M.A.2
  • 55
    • 33144489150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB consortium
    • 55 McKeith, I.G., Dickson, D.W., Lowe, J., et al. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB consortium. Neurology 65:12 (2005), 1863–1872.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 1863-1872
    • McKeith, I.G.1    Dickson, D.W.2    Lowe, J.3
  • 56
    • 0023628585 scopus 로고
    • Treating extrapyramidal reactions: some current issues
    • 56 Gelenberg, A.J., Treating extrapyramidal reactions: some current issues. J Clin Psychiatry 48:Suppl (1987), 24–27.
    • (1987) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 24-27
    • Gelenberg, A.J.1
  • 57
    • 67049162787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akathisia: an updated review focusing on second-generation antipsychotics
    • 57 Kane, J.M., Fleischhacker, W.W., Hansen, L., et al. Akathisia: an updated review focusing on second-generation antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 70:5 (2009), 627–643.
    • (2009) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.70 , Issue.5 , pp. 627-643
    • Kane, J.M.1    Fleischhacker, W.W.2    Hansen, L.3
  • 58
    • 36749015768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic restlessness with antipsychotics
    • 58 Bratti, I.M., Kane, J.M., Marder, S.R., Chronic restlessness with antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatry 164:11 (2007), 1648–1654.
    • (2007) Am J Psychiatry , vol.164 , Issue.11 , pp. 1648-1654
    • Bratti, I.M.1    Kane, J.M.2    Marder, S.R.3
  • 59
    • 76749149554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute antipsychotic-induced akathisia revisited
    • 59 Poyurovsky, M., Acute antipsychotic-induced akathisia revisited. Br J Psychiatry 196:2 (2010), 89–91.
    • (2010) Br J Psychiatry , vol.196 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-91
    • Poyurovsky, M.1
  • 60
    • 0028071850 scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics and predisposing factors in acute drug-induced akathisia
    • 60 Sachdev, P., Kruk, J., Clinical characteristics and predisposing factors in acute drug-induced akathisia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:12 (1994), 963–974.
    • (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.51 , Issue.12 , pp. 963-974
    • Sachdev, P.1    Kruk, J.2
  • 61
    • 0034599828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of dopamine D3-receptor gene variants with neuroleptic induced akathisia in schizophrenic patients: a generalization of Steen's study on DRD3 and tardive dyskinesia
    • 61 Eichhammer, P., Albus, M., Borrmann-Hassenbach, M., et al. Association of dopamine D3-receptor gene variants with neuroleptic induced akathisia in schizophrenic patients: a generalization of Steen's study on DRD3 and tardive dyskinesia. Am J Med Genet 96:2 (2000), 187–191.
    • (2000) Am J Med Genet , vol.96 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-191
    • Eichhammer, P.1    Albus, M.2    Borrmann-Hassenbach, M.3
  • 62
    • 40749133017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome: an update on genetics and future perspectives
    • 62 Pichler, I., Hicks, A.A., Pramstaller, P.P., Restless legs syndrome: an update on genetics and future perspectives. Clin Genet 73:4 (2008), 297–305.
    • (2008) Clin Genet , vol.73 , Issue.4 , pp. 297-305
    • Pichler, I.1    Hicks, A.A.2    Pramstaller, P.P.3
  • 63
    • 0033963172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing antipsychotic-induced acute and chronic akathisia
    • 63 Miller, C.H., Fleischhacker, W.W., Managing antipsychotic-induced acute and chronic akathisia. Drug Saf 22:1 (2000), 73–81.
    • (2000) Drug Saf , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-81
    • Miller, C.H.1    Fleischhacker, W.W.2
  • 64
    • 77950168457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergics for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia
    • CD003727
    • 64 Rathbone, J., Soares-Weiser, K., Anticholinergics for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev(4), 2006 CD003727.
    • (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.4
    • Rathbone, J.1    Soares-Weiser, K.2
  • 65
    • 77749264447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The catatonia conundrum: evidence of psychomotor phenomena as a symptom dimension in psychotic disorders
    • 65 Ungvari, G.S., Caroff, S.N., Gerevich, J., The catatonia conundrum: evidence of psychomotor phenomena as a symptom dimension in psychotic disorders. Schizophr Bull 36:2 (2010), 231–238.
    • (2010) Schizophr Bull , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 231-238
    • Ungvari, G.S.1    Caroff, S.N.2    Gerevich, J.3
  • 66
    • 84920382052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catatonia in DSM 5: controversies regarding its psychopathology, clinical presentation and treatment response
    • 66 Ungvari, G.S., Catatonia in DSM 5: controversies regarding its psychopathology, clinical presentation and treatment response. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 16:4 (2014), 189–194.
    • (2014) Neuropsychopharmacol Hung , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 189-194
    • Ungvari, G.S.1
  • 67
    • 24944472496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced catatonia
    • S.N. Caroff S.C. Mann A. Francis et al. (eds.) American Psychiatric Press, Inc. Washington, DC
    • 67 Lopez-Canino, A., Francis, A., Drug-induced catatonia. Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Francis, A., et al. (eds.) Catatonia: from psychopathology to neurobiology, 2004, American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC, 129–139.
    • (2004) Catatonia: from psychopathology to neurobiology , pp. 129-139
    • Lopez-Canino, A.1    Francis, A.2
  • 68
    • 0017744811 scopus 로고
    • Catatonic reactions to high-potency neuroleptic drugs
    • 68 Gelenberg, A.J., Mandel, M.R., Catatonic reactions to high-potency neuroleptic drugs. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34:8 (1977), 947–950.
    • (1977) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.8 , pp. 947-950
    • Gelenberg, A.J.1    Mandel, M.R.2
  • 69
    • 0033883524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of 17 catatonic patients diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • 69 White, D.A., Robins, A.H., An analysis of 17 catatonic patients diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome. CNS Spectr 5:7 (2000), 58–65.
    • (2000) CNS Spectr , vol.5 , Issue.7 , pp. 58-65
    • White, D.A.1    Robins, A.H.2
  • 71
    • 0017121296 scopus 로고
    • The catatonic syndrome
    • 71 Gelenberg, A.J., The catatonic syndrome. Lancet 1:7973 (1976), 1339–1341.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7973 , pp. 1339-1341
    • Gelenberg, A.J.1
  • 72
    • 84939533458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent idiopathic catatonia: implications beyond the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition
    • 72 Caroff, S.N., Hurford, I., Bleier, H.R., et al. Recurrent idiopathic catatonia: implications beyond the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th edition. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 13:2 (2015), 218–221.
    • (2015) Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 218-221
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Hurford, I.2    Bleier, H.R.3
  • 73
    • 0018123630 scopus 로고
    • The catatonic dilemma
    • 73 Brenner, I., Rheuban, W.J., The catatonic dilemma. Am J Psychiatry 135:10 (1978), 1242–1243.
    • (1978) Am J Psychiatry , vol.135 , Issue.10 , pp. 1242-1243
    • Brenner, I.1    Rheuban, W.J.2
  • 74
    • 2442708847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe and uncommon involuntary movement disorders due to psychotropic drugs
    • 74 Stubner, S., Rustenbeck, E., Grohmann, R., et al. Severe and uncommon involuntary movement disorders due to psychotropic drugs. Pharmacopsychiatry 37:Suppl 1 (2004), S54–S64.
    • (2004) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.37 , pp. S54-S64
    • Stubner, S.1    Rustenbeck, E.2    Grohmann, R.3
  • 75
    • 24944518446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of catatonia
    • 75 Van Den Eede, F., Van Hecke, J., Van Dalfsen, A., et al. The use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of catatonia. Eur Psychiatry 20:5–6 (2005), 422–429.
    • (2005) Eur Psychiatry , vol.20 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 422-429
    • Van Den Eede, F.1    Van Hecke, J.2    Van Dalfsen, A.3
  • 76
    • 77951978923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DSM-IV catatonia signs and criteria in first-episode, drug-naive, psychotic patients: psychometric validity and response to antipsychotic medication
    • 76 Peralta, V., Campos, M.S., de Jalon, E.G., et al. DSM-IV catatonia signs and criteria in first-episode, drug-naive, psychotic patients: psychometric validity and response to antipsychotic medication. Schizophr Res 118:1–3 (2010), 168–175.
    • (2010) Schizophr Res , vol.118 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 168-175
    • Peralta, V.1    Campos, M.S.2    de Jalon, E.G.3
  • 77
    • 34347380301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of adjunctive glutamate antagonist therapy in the treatment of catatonic syndromes
    • 77 Carroll, B.T., Goforth, H.W., Thomas, C., et al. Review of adjunctive glutamate antagonist therapy in the treatment of catatonic syndromes. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19:4 (2007), 406–412.
    • (2007) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 406-412
    • Carroll, B.T.1    Goforth, H.W.2    Thomas, C.3
  • 78
    • 23044520383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central dopamine hypoactivity and the pathogenesis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • 78 Mann, S.C., Caroff, S.N., Fricchione, G., et al. Central dopamine hypoactivity and the pathogenesis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Psychiatr Ann 30 (2000), 363–374.
    • (2000) Psychiatr Ann , vol.30 , pp. 363-374
    • Mann, S.C.1    Caroff, S.N.2    Fricchione, G.3
  • 79
    • 27744515765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics
    • S.N. Caroff S.C. Mann A. Francis et al. (eds.) American Psychiatric Press, Inc Washington, DC
    • 79 Stober, G., Genetics. Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Francis, A., et al. (eds.) Catatonia: from psychopathology to neurobiology, 2004, American Psychiatric Press, Inc, Washington, DC, 173–187.
    • (2004) Catatonia: from psychopathology to neurobiology , pp. 173-187
    • Stober, G.1
  • 80
    • 84895536616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotype-based genetic association studies (PGAS)-towards understanding the contribution of common genetic variants to schizophrenia subphenotypes
    • 80 Ehrenreich, H., Nave, K.A., Phenotype-based genetic association studies (PGAS)-towards understanding the contribution of common genetic variants to schizophrenia subphenotypes. Genes (Basel) 5:1 (2014), 97–105.
    • (2014) Genes (Basel) , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-105
    • Ehrenreich, H.1    Nave, K.A.2
  • 81
    • 29144508213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models
    • S.N. Caroff S.C. Mann A. Francis et al. (eds.) American Psychiatric Press, Inc. Washington, DC
    • 81 Kanes, S.J., Animal models. Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Francis, A., et al. (eds.) Catatonia: from psychopathology to neurobiology, 2004, American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC, 189–200.
    • (2004) Catatonia: from psychopathology to neurobiology , pp. 189-200
    • Kanes, S.J.1
  • 82
    • 0027531002 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • 82 Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Med Clin North Am 77:1 (1993), 185–202.
    • (1993) Med Clin North Am , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 185-202
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Mann, S.C.2
  • 83
    • 34248395553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • 83 Strawn, J.R., Keck, P.E. Jr., Caroff, S.N., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 164:6 (2007), 870–876.
    • (2007) Am J Psychiatry , vol.164 , Issue.6 , pp. 870-876
    • Strawn, J.R.1    Keck, P.E.2    Caroff, S.N.3
  • 84
    • 78650252473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe drug reactions
    • S.J. Ferrando J.L. Levenson J.A. Owen American Psychiatric Press, Inc. Washington, DC
    • 84 Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Campbell, E.C., et al. Severe drug reactions. Ferrando, S.J., Levenson, J.L., Owen, J.A., (eds.) Clinical manual of psychopharmacology in the medically III, 2010, American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC, 39–77.
    • (2010) Clinical manual of psychopharmacology in the medically III , pp. 39-77
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Mann, S.C.2    Campbell, E.C.3
  • 85
    • 80053024231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An international consensus study of neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnostic criteria using the Delphi method
    • 85 Gurrera, R.J., Caroff, S.N., Cohen, A., et al. An international consensus study of neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnostic criteria using the Delphi method. J Clin Psychiatry 72:9 (2011), 1222–1228.
    • (2011) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.72 , Issue.9 , pp. 1222-1228
    • Gurrera, R.J.1    Caroff, S.N.2    Cohen, A.3
  • 86
    • 0031950064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute infectious encephalitis complicated by neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • 86 Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., McCarthy, M., et al. Acute infectious encephalitis complicated by neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol 18:4 (1998), 349–351.
    • (1998) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 349-351
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Mann, S.C.2    McCarthy, M.3
  • 87
    • 84925494718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients with NMDAR encephalitis
    • 87 Caroff, S.N., Campbell, E.C., Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients with NMDAR encephalitis. Neurol Sci 36:3 (2015), 479–480.
    • (2015) Neurol Sci , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 479-480
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Campbell, E.C.2
  • 88
    • 0017814351 scopus 로고
    • Psychotropic drugs, summer heat and humidity, and hyperpyrexia: a danger restated
    • 88 Mann, S.C., Boger, W.P., Psychotropic drugs, summer heat and humidity, and hyperpyrexia: a danger restated. Am J Psychiatry 135:9 (1978), 1097–1100.
    • (1978) Am J Psychiatry , vol.135 , Issue.9 , pp. 1097-1100
    • Mann, S.C.1    Boger, W.P.2
  • 89
    • 0010676545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the perioperative setting
    • 89 Caroff, S.N., Rosenberg, H., Mann, S.C., et al. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the perioperative setting. Am J Anesthesiol 28 (2001), 387–393.
    • (2001) Am J Anesthesiol , vol.28 , pp. 387-393
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Rosenberg, H.2    Mann, S.C.3
  • 90
    • 0034075372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual catatonic state following neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • 90 Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Keck, P.E. Jr., et al. Residual catatonic state following neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol 20:2 (2000), 257–259.
    • (2000) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-259
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Mann, S.C.2    Keck, P.E.3
  • 91
    • 84957435907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: complications, outcomes, and mortality
    • 91 Modi, S., Dharaiya, D., Schultz, L., et al. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: complications, outcomes, and mortality. Neurocrit Care 24:1 (2016), 97–103.
    • (2016) Neurocrit Care , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-103
    • Modi, S.1    Dharaiya, D.2    Schultz, L.3
  • 92
    • 50249141638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, second-generation antipsychotics, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • 92 Stevens, D.L., Association between selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, second-generation antipsychotics, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Ann Pharmacother 42:9 (2008), 1290–1297.
    • (2008) Ann Pharmacother , vol.42 , Issue.9 , pp. 1290-1297
    • Stevens, D.L.1
  • 93
    • 0033021534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathoadrenal hyperactivity and the etiology of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • 93 Gurrera, R.J., Sympathoadrenal hyperactivity and the etiology of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 156:2 (1999), 169–180.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-180
    • Gurrera, R.J.1
  • 94
    • 0002902726 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia: epidemiological and clinical presentation
    • F.E. Bloom D.J. Kupfer Raven Press New York
    • 94 Kane, J.M., Tardive dyskinesia: epidemiological and clinical presentation. Bloom, F.E., Kupfer, D.J., (eds.) Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress, 1995, Raven Press, New York, 1485–1495.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress , pp. 1485-1495
    • Kane, J.M.1
  • 95
    • 0025975251 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dyskinesia
    • 95 Casey, D.E., Neuroleptic drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dyskinesia. Schizophr Res 4:2 (1991), 109–120.
    • (1991) Schizophr Res , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-120
    • Casey, D.E.1
  • 96
    • 79953047492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment outcomes of patients with tardive dyskinesia and chronic schizophrenia
    • 96 Caroff, S.N., Davis, V.G., Miller, D.D., et al. Treatment outcomes of patients with tardive dyskinesia and chronic schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 72:3 (2011), 295–303.
    • (2011) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-303
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Davis, V.G.2    Miller, D.D.3
  • 97
    • 0033558905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The current status of tardive dystonia
    • 97 Adityanjee, Aderibigbe, Y.A., Jampala, V.C., et al. The current status of tardive dystonia. Biol Psychiatry 45:6 (1999), 715–730.
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 715-730
    • Adityanjee1    Aderibigbe, Y.A.2    Jampala, V.C.3
  • 98
    • 0024598720 scopus 로고
    • Tardive akathisia: an analysis of clinical features and response to open therapeutic trials
    • 98 Burke, R.E., Kang, U.J., Jankovic, J., et al. Tardive akathisia: an analysis of clinical features and response to open therapeutic trials. Mov Disord 4:2 (1989), 157–175.
    • (1989) Mov Disord , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-175
    • Burke, R.E.1    Kang, U.J.2    Jankovic, J.3
  • 99
    • 0008942532 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia: what is the long-term outcome?
    • D.E. Casey G. Gardos American Psychiatric Press, Inc. Washington, DC
    • 99 Casey, D.E., Gerlach, J., Tardive dyskinesia: what is the long-term outcome?. Casey, D.E., Gardos, G., (eds.) Tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptics: from dogma to reason, 1986, American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC, 76–97.
    • (1986) Tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptics: from dogma to reason , pp. 76-97
    • Casey, D.E.1    Gerlach, J.2
  • 100
    • 0021251515 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia. A discontinuation study
    • 100 Glazer, W.M., Moore, D.C., Schooler, N.R., et al. Tardive dyskinesia. A discontinuation study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:6 (1984), 623–627.
    • (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 623-627
    • Glazer, W.M.1    Moore, D.C.2    Schooler, N.R.3
  • 101
    • 0025167627 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of improvement in tardive dyskinesia following discontinuation of neuroleptic medication
    • 101 Glazer, W.M., Morgenstern, H., Schooler, N., et al. Predictors of improvement in tardive dyskinesia following discontinuation of neuroleptic medication. Br J Psychiatry 157 (1990), 585–592.
    • (1990) Br J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 585-592
    • Glazer, W.M.1    Morgenstern, H.2    Schooler, N.3
  • 102
    • 0033394021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of tardive dyskinesia–a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • [discussion: 17–8]
    • 102 Soares, K.V., McGrath, J.J., The treatment of tardive dyskinesia–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 39:1 (1999), 1–16 [discussion: 17–8].
    • (1999) Schizophr Res , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Soares, K.V.1    McGrath, J.J.2
  • 103
    • 0030712881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of tardive dyskinesia
    • 103 Egan, M.F., Apud, J., Wyatt, R.J., Treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Schizophr Bull 23:4 (1997), 583–609.
    • (1997) Schizophr Bull , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 583-609
    • Egan, M.F.1    Apud, J.2    Wyatt, R.J.3
  • 104
    • 15844410325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and correlates of tardive dyskinesia in first episode of schizophrenia
    • 104 Chakos, M.H., Alvir, J.M., Woerner, M.G., et al. Incidence and correlates of tardive dyskinesia in first episode of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:4 (1996), 313–319.
    • (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 313-319
    • Chakos, M.H.1    Alvir, J.M.2    Woerner, M.G.3
  • 105
    • 0141493871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of tardive dyskinesia in first-episode psychosis patients treated with low-dose haloperidol
    • 105 Oosthuizen, P.P., Emsley, R.A., Maritz, J.S., et al. Incidence of tardive dyskinesia in first-episode psychosis patients treated with low-dose haloperidol. J Clin Psychiatry 64:9 (2003), 1075–1080.
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , Issue.9 , pp. 1075-1080
    • Oosthuizen, P.P.1    Emsley, R.A.2    Maritz, J.S.3
  • 106
    • 0034100581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia in older patients
    • 106 Jeste, D.V., Tardive dyskinesia in older patients. J Clin Psychiatry 61:Suppl 4 (2000), 27–32.
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 27-32
    • Jeste, D.V.1
  • 107
    • 27744435853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical correlates of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: baseline data from the CATIE schizophrenia trial
    • 107 Miller, D.D., McEvoy, J.P., Davis, S.M., et al. Clinical correlates of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: baseline data from the CATIE schizophrenia trial. Schizophr Res 80:1 (2005), 33–43.
    • (2005) Schizophr Res , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-43
    • Miller, D.D.1    McEvoy, J.P.2    Davis, S.M.3
  • 108
    • 85000618793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between COMT Val158Met gene polymorphism and antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia risk
    • 108 Lv, Z., Rong, B., Tong, X., et al. The association between COMT Val158Met gene polymorphism and antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia risk. Int J Neurosci, 2015, 1–7.
    • (2015) Int J Neurosci , pp. 1-7
    • Lv, Z.1    Rong, B.2    Tong, X.3
  • 109
    • 84884412527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association study of the vesicular monoamine transporter gene SLC18A2 with tardive dyskinesia
    • 109 Zai, C.C., Tiwari, A.K., Mazzoco, M., et al. Association study of the vesicular monoamine transporter gene SLC18A2 with tardive dyskinesia. J Psychiatr Res 47:11 (2013), 1760–1765.
    • (2013) J Psychiatr Res , vol.47 , Issue.11 , pp. 1760-1765
    • Zai, C.C.1    Tiwari, A.K.2    Mazzoco, M.3
  • 110
    • 73949086059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A candidate gene study of tardive dyskinesia in the CATIE schizophrenia trial
    • 110 Tsai, H.T., Caroff, S.N., Miller, D.D., et al. A candidate gene study of tardive dyskinesia in the CATIE schizophrenia trial. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 153B:1 (2009), 336–340.
    • (2009) Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet , vol.153B , Issue.1 , pp. 336-340
    • Tsai, H.T.1    Caroff, S.N.2    Miller, D.D.3
  • 111
    • 73549122994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomewide association study of movement-related adverse antipsychotic effects
    • 111 Aberg, K., Adkins, D.E., Bukszar, J., et al. Genomewide association study of movement-related adverse antipsychotic effects. Biol Psychiatry 67:3 (2010), 279–282.
    • (2010) Biol Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-282
    • Aberg, K.1    Adkins, D.E.2    Bukszar, J.3
  • 112
    • 0344959632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind comparison of the incidence of tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia during long-term treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol
    • 112 Beasley, C.M., Dellva, M.A., Tamura, R.N., et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of the incidence of tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia during long-term treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol. Br J Psychiatry 174 (1999), 23–30.
    • (1999) Br J Psychiatry , vol.174 , pp. 23-30
    • Beasley, C.M.1    Dellva, M.A.2    Tamura, R.N.3
  • 113
    • 0033065629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower incidence of tardive dyskinesia with risperidone compared with haloperidol in older patients
    • 113 Jeste, D.V., Lacro, J.P., Bailey, A., et al. Lower incidence of tardive dyskinesia with risperidone compared with haloperidol in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 47:6 (1999), 716–719.
    • (1999) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 716-719
    • Jeste, D.V.1    Lacro, J.P.2    Bailey, A.3
  • 114
    • 33748336475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia circa 2006
    • 114 Kane, J.M., Tardive dyskinesia circa 2006. Am J Psychiatry 163:8 (2006), 1316–1318.
    • (2006) Am J Psychiatry , vol.163 , Issue.8 , pp. 1316-1318
    • Kane, J.M.1
  • 115
    • 0027501805 scopus 로고
    • Does clozapine cause tardive dyskinesia?
    • 115 Kane, J.M., Woerner, M.G., Pollack, S., et al. Does clozapine cause tardive dyskinesia?. J Clin Psychiatry 54:9 (1993), 327–330.
    • (1993) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.54 , Issue.9 , pp. 327-330
    • Kane, J.M.1    Woerner, M.G.2    Pollack, S.3
  • 116
    • 0025801091 scopus 로고
    • The effects of clozapine on tardive dyskinesia
    • 116 Lieberman, J.A., Saltz, B.L., Johns, C.A., et al. The effects of clozapine on tardive dyskinesia. Br J Psychiatry 158 (1991), 503–510.
    • (1991) Br J Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 503-510
    • Lieberman, J.A.1    Saltz, B.L.2    Johns, C.A.3
  • 117
    • 0023758704 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatments of tardive dyskinesia in the 1980s
    • 117 Jeste, D.V., Lohr, J.B., Clark, K., et al. Pharmacological treatments of tardive dyskinesia in the 1980s. J Clin Psychopharmacol 8:4 Suppl (1988), 38S–48S.
    • (1988) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 38S-48S
    • Jeste, D.V.1    Lohr, J.B.2    Clark, K.3
  • 118
    • 84881305397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based guideline: treatment of tardive syndromes: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • 118 Bhidayasiri, R., Fahn, S., Weiner, W.J., et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of tardive syndromes: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 81:5 (2013), 463–469.
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 463-469
    • Bhidayasiri, R.1    Fahn, S.2    Weiner, W.J.3
  • 119
    • 84940395064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging drugs for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia: investigational drugs in phase II and phase III clinical trials
    • 119 Lockwood, J.T., Remington, G., Emerging drugs for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia: investigational drugs in phase II and phase III clinical trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 20:3 (2015), 407–421.
    • (2015) Expert Opin Emerg Drugs , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-421
    • Lockwood, J.T.1    Remington, G.2
  • 120
    • 80054893761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrabenazine for the treatment of chorea and other hyperkinetic movement disorders
    • 120 Jankovic, J., Clarence-Smith, K., Tetrabenazine for the treatment of chorea and other hyperkinetic movement disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 11:11 (2011), 1509–1523.
    • (2011) Expert Rev Neurother , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 1509-1523
    • Jankovic, J.1    Clarence-Smith, K.2
  • 121
    • 84944514959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NBI-98854, a selective monoamine transport inhibitor for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • 121 O'Brien, C.F., Jimenez, R., Hauser, R.A., et al. NBI-98854, a selective monoamine transport inhibitor for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Mov Disord 30:12 (2015), 1681–1687.
    • (2015) Mov Disord , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 1681-1687
    • O'Brien, C.F.1    Jimenez, R.2    Hauser, R.A.3
  • 122
    • 78651415131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of amantadine on tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • 122 Pappa, S., Tsouli, S., Apostolou, G., et al. Effects of amantadine on tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Neuropharmacol 33:6 (2010), 271–275.
    • (2010) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 271-275
    • Pappa, S.1    Tsouli, S.2    Apostolou, G.3
  • 123
    • 0027363506 scopus 로고
    • Loss of striatal cholinergic neurons as a basis for tardive and L-dopa-induced dyskinesias, neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychosis and refractory schizophrenia
    • 123 Miller, R., Chouinard, G., Loss of striatal cholinergic neurons as a basis for tardive and L-dopa-induced dyskinesias, neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychosis and refractory schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 34:10 (1993), 713–738.
    • (1993) Biol Psychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 713-738
    • Miller, R.1    Chouinard, G.2
  • 124
    • 0035191541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with donepezil: a pilot study
    • 124 Caroff, S.N., Campbell, E.C., Havey, J., et al. Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with donepezil: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 62:10 (2001), 772–775.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.10 , pp. 772-775
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Campbell, E.C.2    Havey, J.3
  • 125
    • 33947726216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with galantamine: a randomized controlled crossover trial
    • 125 Caroff, S.N., Walker, P., Campbell, C., et al. Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with galantamine: a randomized controlled crossover trial. J Clin Psychiatry 68:3 (2007), 410–415.
    • (2007) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 410-415
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Walker, P.2    Campbell, C.3
  • 126
    • 84939857322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine and nicotinic receptor drugs: potential for Parkinson's disease and drug-induced movement disorders
    • 126 Quik, M., Bordia, T., Zhang, D., et al. Nicotine and nicotinic receptor drugs: potential for Parkinson's disease and drug-induced movement disorders. Int Rev Neurobiol 124 (2015), 247–271.
    • (2015) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.124 , pp. 247-271
    • Quik, M.1    Bordia, T.2    Zhang, D.3
  • 127
    • 84908569520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AQW051, a novel and selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 partial agonist, reduces L-dopa-induced dyskinesias and extends the duration of L-Dopa effects in parkinsonian monkeys
    • 127 Di Paolo, T., Gregoire, L., Feuerbach, D., et al. AQW051, a novel and selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 partial agonist, reduces L-dopa-induced dyskinesias and extends the duration of L-Dopa effects in parkinsonian monkeys. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20:11 (2014), 1119–1123.
    • (2014) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.20 , Issue.11 , pp. 1119-1123
    • Di Paolo, T.1    Gregoire, L.2    Feuerbach, D.3
  • 128
    • 84954519551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M4 muscarinic receptor signaling ameliorates striatal plasticity deficits in models of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia
    • 128 Shen, W., Plotkin, J.L., Francardo, V., et al. M4 muscarinic receptor signaling ameliorates striatal plasticity deficits in models of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neuron 88:4 (2015), 762–773.
    • (2015) Neuron , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 762-773
    • Shen, W.1    Plotkin, J.L.2    Francardo, V.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.