메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 33-43

Clinical correlates of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: Baseline data from the CATIE schizophrenia trial

Author keywords

Antipsychotic adverse effects; Clinical features; Schizophrenia; Tardive dyskinesia

Indexed keywords

ARIPIPRAZOLE; CLOZAPINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; ZIPRASIDONE;

EID: 27744435853     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.07.034     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (148)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0031799667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased striatal dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: Confirmation in a second cohort
    • A. Abi-Dargham Increased striatal dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: confirmation in a second cohort Am. J. Psychiatry 155 6 1998 761 767
    • (1998) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.155 , Issue.6 , pp. 761-767
    • Abi-Dargham, A.1
  • 3
    • 0024358369 scopus 로고
    • A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia
    • T.R. Barnes A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia Br. J. Psychiatry 154 1989 672 676
    • (1989) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 672-676
    • Barnes, T.R.1
  • 4
    • 0042331424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug addiction
    • J. Cami, and M. Farre Drug addiction N. Engl. J. Med. 349 10 2003 975 986
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.349 , Issue.10 , pp. 975-986
    • Cami, J.1    Farre, M.2
  • 5
    • 15844410325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and correlates of tardive dyskinesia in first episode of schizophrenia
    • M.H. Chakos Incidence and correlates of tardive dyskinesia in first episode of schizophrenia Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 53 4 1996 313 319
    • (1996) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 313-319
    • Chakos, M.H.1
  • 6
    • 0038460302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
    • A.V. Chobanian Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure JAMA 289 19 2003 2560 2572
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , Issue.19 , pp. 2560-2572
    • Chobanian, A.V.1
  • 7
    • 1542373740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics: A systematic review of 1-year studies
    • C.U. Correll Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review of 1-year studies Am. J. Psychiatry 161 3 2004 414 425
    • (2004) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.161 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-425
    • Correll, C.U.1
  • 8
    • 0015413240 scopus 로고
    • Prevention and management of tardive dyskinesia
    • G.E. Crane Prevention and management of tardive dyskinesia Am. J. Psychiatry 129 4 1972 466 467
    • (1972) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.129 , Issue.4 , pp. 466-467
    • Crane, G.E.1
  • 10
    • 0020517902 scopus 로고
    • Serum neuroleptic activity, prolactin, and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic outpatients
    • J.G. Csernansky Serum neuroleptic activity, prolactin, and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic outpatients Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 81 1983 115 118
    • (1983) Psychopharmacology (Berlin) , vol.81 , pp. 115-118
    • Csernansky, J.G.1
  • 11
    • 0026503749 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia and type II schizophrenia
    • E.J. Davis Tardive dyskinesia and type II schizophrenia Br. J. Psychiatry 160 1992 253 256
    • (1992) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 253-256
    • Davis, E.J.1
  • 12
    • 0026576688 scopus 로고
    • Increased tardive dyskinesia in alcohol-abusing schizophrenic patients
    • L. Dixon Increased tardive dyskinesia in alcohol-abusing schizophrenic patients Compr. Psychiatry 33 2 1992 121 122
    • (1992) Compr. Psychiatry , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-122
    • Dixon, L.1
  • 13
    • 0025269294 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia
    • R.E. Drake Diagnosis of alcohol use disorders in schizophrenia Schizophr. Bull. 16 1 1990 57 67
    • (1990) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-67
    • Drake, R.E.1
  • 14
    • 0012909644 scopus 로고
    • Chronic involuntary movements induced by phenothiazines
    • R. Druckman Chronic involuntary movements induced by phenothiazines J. of Nerv. Ment. Dis. 135 1962 69 76
    • (1962) J. of Nerv. Ment. Dis. , vol.135 , pp. 69-76
    • Druckman, R.1
  • 15
    • 0012431804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus
    • Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus Diabetes Care, Suppl. 1 2003 S5 S20
    • (2003) Diabetes Care, Suppl. , vol.1
  • 17
    • 0025980669 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in neuroleptic treated diabetics
    • L. Ganzini The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in neuroleptic treated diabetics Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 48 1991 259 263
    • (1991) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 259-263
    • Ganzini, L.1
  • 18
    • 0020692222 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia and anticholinergic drugs
    • G. Gardos, and J.O. Cole Tardive dyskinesia and anticholinergic drugs Am. J. Psychiatry 140 2 1983 200 202
    • (1983) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.140 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-202
    • Gardos, G.1    Cole, J.O.2
  • 19
    • 0021251515 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia. a discontinuation study
    • W.M. Glazer Tardive dyskinesia. A discontinuation study Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 41 6 1984 623 627
    • (1984) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 623-627
    • Glazer, W.M.1
  • 20
    • 0036787356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: Neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex
    • R.Z. Goldstein, and N.D. Volkow Drug addiction and its underlying neurobiological basis: neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal cortex Am. J. Psychiatry 159 10 2002 1642 1652
    • (2002) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.159 , Issue.10 , pp. 1642-1652
    • Goldstein, R.Z.1    Volkow, N.D.2
  • 21
    • 0022351941 scopus 로고
    • Tiapride: Effects on tardive dyskinesia and on prolactin plasma concentrations
    • W. Greil Tiapride: effects on tardive dyskinesia and on prolactin plasma concentrations Neuropsychobiology 14 1985 17 22
    • (1985) Neuropsychobiology , vol.14 , pp. 17-22
    • Greil, W.1
  • 22
    • 0003412410 scopus 로고
    • Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare Publication No. ADM 534-537. Public Health Service; Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration: NIMH. Rockville, MD, NIMH Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs.
    • Guy, W., 1976. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology-Revised. in: Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare Publication No. ADM 534-537. Public Health Service; Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration: NIMH. Rockville, MD, NIMH Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs.
    • (1976) ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology-Revised
    • Guy, W.1
  • 23
    • 0022691762 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of abnormal involuntary movements among chronic schizophrenics
    • W. Guy The prevalence of abnormal involuntary movements among chronic schizophrenics Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 1 2 1986 134 144
    • (1986) Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 134-144
    • Guy, W.1
  • 24
    • 33645762226 scopus 로고
    • A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance
    • Y. Hochberg A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance Biometrika 75 1988 800 803
    • (1988) Biometrika , vol.75 , pp. 800-803
    • Hochberg, Y.1
  • 25
    • 0022512339 scopus 로고
    • Defect symptoms and abnormal involuntary movement in schizophrenia
    • A.C. Iager Defect symptoms and abnormal involuntary movement in schizophrenia Biol. Psychiatry 21 8-9 1986 751 755
    • (1986) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.21 , Issue.8-9 , pp. 751-755
    • Iager, A.C.1
  • 26
    • 0019509075 scopus 로고
    • Changing epidemiology of tardive dyskinesia: An overview
    • D.V. Jeste, and R.J. Wyatt Changing epidemiology of tardive dyskinesia: an overview Am. J. Psychiatry 138 1981 297 309
    • (1981) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.138 , pp. 297-309
    • Jeste, D.V.1    Wyatt, R.J.2
  • 27
    • 0021259481 scopus 로고
    • Association of abnormal involuntary movements and negative symptoms
    • D.V. Jeste Association of abnormal involuntary movements and negative symptoms Psychopharmacol. Bull. 20 3 1984 380 381
    • (1984) Psychopharmacol. Bull. , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 380-381
    • Jeste, D.V.1
  • 28
    • 0029023056 scopus 로고
    • Risk of tardive dyskinesia in older patients. a prospective longitudinal study of 266 outpatients
    • D.V. Jeste Risk of tardive dyskinesia in older patients. A prospective longitudinal study of 266 outpatients Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 52 9 1995 756 765
    • (1995) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.52 , Issue.9 , pp. 756-765
    • Jeste, D.V.1
  • 29
    • 0033014535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of tardive dyskinesia in early stages of low-dose treatment with typical neuroleptics in older patients
    • D.V. Jeste Incidence of tardive dyskinesia in early stages of low-dose treatment with typical neuroleptics in older patients Am. J. Psychiatry 156 2 1999 309 311
    • (1999) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-311
    • Jeste, D.V.1
  • 30
    • 0020054615 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia: Prevalence and risk factors, 1959-1979
    • J.M. Kane, and J.M. Smith Tardive dyskinesia: prevalence and risk factors, 1959-1979 Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 39 1982 473 481
    • (1982) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 473-481
    • Kane, J.M.1    Smith, J.M.2
  • 31
    • 0022600929 scopus 로고
    • Integrating incidence and prevalence of tardive dyskinesia
    • J.M. Kane Integrating incidence and prevalence of tardive dyskinesia Psychopharmacol. Bull. 22 1 1986 254 258
    • (1986) Psychopharmacol. Bull. , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 254-258
    • Kane, J.M.1
  • 32
    • 0023606101 scopus 로고
    • The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia
    • S.R. Kay The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia Schizophr. Bull. 13 2 1987 261 276
    • (1987) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 261-276
    • Kay, S.R.1
  • 33
    • 0038148696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive assessment in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project schizophrenia trial: Development, methodology, and rationale
    • R.S.. Keefe Neurocognitive assessment in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project schizophrenia trial: development, methodology, and rationale Schizophr. Bull. 29 1 2003 45 55
    • (2003) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-55
    • Keefe, R.S.1
  • 34
    • 4544275938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine treatment for tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia patients: A prospective clinical trial with patients randomized to blinded dose reduction periods
    • B.J. Kinon Olanzapine treatment for tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia patients: a prospective clinical trial with patients randomized to blinded dose reduction periods Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 28 6 2004 985 996
    • (2004) Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 985-996
    • Kinon, B.J.1
  • 35
    • 0029787944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects
    • M. Laruelle Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93 17 1996 9235 9240
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.93 , Issue.17 , pp. 9235-9240
    • Laruelle, M.1
  • 36
    • 0023183650 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of relapse in schizophrenia
    • J.A. Lieberman Prediction of relapse in schizophrenia Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44 7 1987 597 603
    • (1987) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.44 , Issue.7 , pp. 597-603
    • Lieberman, J.A.1
  • 37
    • 0021264234 scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative subtypes in acute schizophrenia
    • J.P. Lindenmayer Positive and negative subtypes in acute schizophrenia Compr. Psychiatry 25 4 1984 455 464
    • (1984) Compr. Psychiatry , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 455-464
    • Lindenmayer, J.P.1
  • 38
    • 0026532434 scopus 로고
    • Orofacial dyskinesia and the alcohol dependence syndrome
    • J.V. Lucey, and T.G. Dinan Orofacial dyskinesia and the alcohol dependence syndrome Psychol. Med. 22 1 1992 79 83
    • (1992) Psychol. Med. , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-83
    • Lucey, J.V.1    Dinan, T.G.2
  • 39
    • 0025134187 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal involuntary movements and chronic schizophrenic disorders
    • T.C. Manschreck Abnormal involuntary movements and chronic schizophrenic disorders Biol. Psychiatry 27 2 1990 150 158
    • (1990) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 150-158
    • Manschreck, T.C.1
  • 40
    • 0027244076 scopus 로고
    • Identifying risk factors for tardive dyskinesia among long-term outpatients maintained with neuroleptic medications. Results of the Yale tardive dyskinesia study
    • H. Morgenstern, and W.M. Glazer Identifying risk factors for tardive dyskinesia among long-term outpatients maintained with neuroleptic medications. Results of the Yale tardive dyskinesia study Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 50 9 1993 723 733
    • (1993) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.50 , Issue.9 , pp. 723-733
    • Morgenstern, H.1    Glazer, W.M.2
  • 41
    • 0022021227 scopus 로고
    • Possible association between tardive dyskinesia and altered carbohydrate metabolism [letter]
    • S. Mukherjee Possible association between tardive dyskinesia and altered carbohydrate metabolism [letter] Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 42 1985 205
    • (1985) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 205
    • Mukherjee, S.1
  • 42
    • 0025265196 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric patients with substance use disorders
    • A.A. Olivera Tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric patients with substance use disorders Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 16 1-2 1990 57 66
    • (1990) Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse , vol.16 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 57-66
    • Olivera, A.A.1
  • 43
    • 0021154985 scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative syndromes in chronic schizophrenic inpatients
    • L.A. Opler Positive and negative syndromes in chronic schizophrenic inpatients J. of Nerv. Ment. Dis. 172 6 1984 317 325
    • (1984) J. of Nerv. Ment. Dis. , vol.172 , Issue.6 , pp. 317-325
    • Opler, L.A.1
  • 44
    • 0021906184 scopus 로고
    • Involuntary disorders of movement in chronic schizophrenia - The role of the illness and its treatment
    • D.G. Owens Involuntary disorders of movement in chronic schizophrenia - the role of the illness and its treatment Psychopharmacology, Suppl. 2 1985 79 87
    • (1985) Psychopharmacology, Suppl. , vol.2 , pp. 79-87
    • Owens, D.G.1
  • 45
    • 0001158040 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological impairment in tardive dyskinesia
    • J.S. Paulsen Neuropsychological impairment in tardive dyskinesia Neuropsychology 8 2 1994 227 241
    • (1994) Neuropsychology , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-241
    • Paulsen, J.S.1
  • 46
    • 0029915887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for orofacial and limbtruncal tardive dyskinesia in older patients: A prospective longitudinal study
    • J.S. Paulsen Risk factors for orofacial and limbtruncal tardive dyskinesia in older patients: a prospective longitudinal study Psychopharmacology (Berl) 123 4 1996 307 314
    • (1996) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.123 , Issue.4 , pp. 307-314
    • Paulsen, J.S.1
  • 47
    • 0022259546 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia and depressive symptoms in schizophrenics
    • M.A. Richardson Tardive dyskinesia and depressive symptoms in schizophrenics Psychopharmacol. Bull. 21 1 1985 130 135
    • (1985) Psychopharmacol. Bull. , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 130-135
    • Richardson, M.A.1
  • 48
    • 0025988340 scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of tardive dyskinesia incidence in the elderly
    • B.L. Saltz Prospective study of tardive dyskinesia incidence in the elderly Jama 266 17 1991 2402 2406
    • (1991) Jama , vol.266 , Issue.17 , pp. 2402-2406
    • Saltz, B.L.1
  • 50
    • 0020034360 scopus 로고
    • Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia
    • N.R. Schooler, and J.M. Kane Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 39 4 1982 486 487
    • (1982) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 486-487
    • Schooler, N.R.1    Kane, J.M.2
  • 51
    • 0005001527 scopus 로고
    • Neurological complications of neuroleptic medication
    • J. Sigwald Neurological complications of neuroleptic medication Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 100 1959 553 595
    • (1959) Rev. Neurol. (Paris) , vol.100 , pp. 553-595
    • Sigwald, J.1
  • 52
    • 0038448311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project: Schizophrenia trial design and protocol development
    • T.S. Stroup The National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project: schizophrenia trial design and protocol development Schizophr. Bull. 29 1 2003 15 31
    • (2003) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-31
    • Stroup, T.S.1
  • 53
    • 0037771503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing clinical and functional outcomes in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial
    • M.S. Swartz Assessing clinical and functional outcomes in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial Schizophr. Bull. 29 1 2003 33 43
    • (2003) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-43
    • Swartz, M.S.1
  • 54
    • 33645104040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use in persons with schizophrenia: Baseline prevalence and correlates from the NIMH CATIE study
    • in press
    • Swartz, M., et al., in press. Substance use in persons with schizophrenia: Baseline prevalence and correlates from the NIMH CATIE study. J. of Nerv. Ment. Dis.
    • J. of Nerv. Ment. Dis.
    • Swartz, M.1
  • 55
    • 0030897711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrater reliability issues in multicenter trials, Part I: Theoretical concepts and operational procedures used in Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study #394
    • K. Tracy Interrater reliability issues in multicenter trials, Part I: theoretical concepts and operational procedures used in Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study #394 Psychopharmacol. Bull. 33 1 1997 53 57
    • (1997) Psychopharmacol. Bull. , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-57
    • Tracy, K.1
  • 56
    • 0029821861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical complications of new antipsychotic drugs
    • D. Umbricht, and J.M. Kane Medical complications of new antipsychotic drugs Schizophr. Bull. 22 3 1996 475 483
    • (1996) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 475-483
    • Umbricht, D.1    Kane, J.M.2
  • 57
    • 84971776459 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia and other disorders: Associations with ageing, cognitive dysfunction and structural brain pathology in relation to neuroleptic exposure
    • J.L. Waddington Tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia and other disorders: associations with ageing, cognitive dysfunction and structural brain pathology in relation to neuroleptic exposure Hum. Psychopharmacol. 2 1987 11 22
    • (1987) Hum. Psychopharmacol. , vol.2 , pp. 11-22
    • Waddington, J.L.1
  • 58
    • 0022668810 scopus 로고
    • Duration of treatment relationships for involuntary movements (tardive dyskinesia): Concordance between cross-sectional, clinical, and longitudinal animal studies?
    • J.L. Waddington, and A.G. Molloy Duration of treatment relationships for involuntary movements (tardive dyskinesia): concordance between cross-sectional, clinical, and longitudinal animal studies? Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 43 2 1986 191 192
    • (1986) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 191-192
    • Waddington, J.L.1    Molloy, A.G.2
  • 59
    • 0022996382 scopus 로고
    • Late onset involuntary movements in chronic schizophrenia: Relationship of 'tardive' dyskinesia to intellectual impairment and negative symptoms
    • J.L. Waddington, and H.A. Youssef Late onset involuntary movements in chronic schizophrenia: relationship of 'tardive' dyskinesia to intellectual impairment and negative symptoms Br. J. Psychiatry 149 1986 616 620
    • (1986) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.149 , pp. 616-620
    • Waddington, J.L.1    Youssef, H.A.2
  • 60
    • 0022470417 scopus 로고
    • An unusual cluster of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: Association with cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms
    • J.L. Waddington, and H.A. Youssef An unusual cluster of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: association with cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms Am. J. Psychiatry 143 1986 1162 1165
    • (1986) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.143 , pp. 1162-1165
    • Waddington, J.L.1    Youssef, H.A.2
  • 61
    • 0027156704 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and development of tardive dyskinesia
    • M.G. Woerner Diabetes and development of tardive dyskinesia Am. J. Psychiatry 150 6 1993 966 968
    • (1993) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.150 , Issue.6 , pp. 966-968
    • Woerner, M.G.1
  • 62
    • 0031790237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in the elderly: Rates and risk factors
    • M.G. Woerner Prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in the elderly: rates and risk factors Am. J. Psychiatry 155 11 1998 1521 1528
    • (1998) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.155 , Issue.11 , pp. 1521-1528
    • Woerner, M.G.1
  • 63
    • 0026666282 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in tardive dyskinesia: A critical review of the literature
    • R. Yassa, and D.V. Jeste Gender differences in tardive dyskinesia: a critical review of the literature Schizophr. Bull. 18 1992 701 715
    • (1992) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.18 , pp. 701-715
    • Yassa, R.1    Jeste, D.V.2
  • 64
    • 0026799190 scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia in elderly psychiatric patients: A 5-year study
    • R. Yassa Tardive dyskinesia in elderly psychiatric patients: a 5-year study Am. J. Psychiatry 149 9 1992 1206 1211
    • (1992) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.149 , Issue.9 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Yassa, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.