Democratic laboratories: Policy diffusion among the American States

Democratic Laboratories: Policy Diffusion Among the American States

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-272

  Karch, Andrew ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84989948735     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (248)

1. Allard, Scott W., and Sheldon Danziger. 2000. Welfare Magnets: Myth or Reality? Journal of Politics 62:350-68.
2. Allen, Mahalley D., Carrie Pettus, and Donald P. Haider-Markel. 2004. Mak-ing the National Local: Specifying the Conditions for National Government Influence on State Policymaking. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 4:318-44.
3. Allen, Russ, and Jill Clark. 1981. State Policy Adoption and Innovation: Lob-bying and Education. State and Local Government Review 13:18-25.
4. American Public Welfare Association. 1994. Responsibility/Work/Pride: The Val-ues of Welfare Reform. Washington, DC: American Public Welfare Associa-tion.
5. Annie E. Casey Foundation. 1999. When Teens Have Sex: Issues and Trends. Balti-more: Annie E. Casey Foundation.
6. Arsneault, Shelly. 2000. Welfare Policy Innovation and Diffusion: Section III5 Waivers and the Federal System. State and Local Government Review 32:49-60.
7. Balla, Steven J. 2001. Interstate Professional Associations and the Diffusion of Policy Innovations. American Politics Research 29:221-45.
8. Barrilleaux, Charles. 1998. The Politics of State Health and Welfare Reforms. In Governing Partners: State-Local Relations in the United States, ed. Russell L. Hanson. Boulder, CO: Westview.
9. Bartels, Larry M. 1996. Uninformed Votes: Information Effects in Presidential Elections. American Journal of Political Science 40:193-230.
10. Bartels, Larry M. 2003. Is “Popular Rule” Possible? Brookings Review 21:12-15.
11. Baumgartncr, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. 1993. Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
12. Beck, Nathaniel, Jonathan N. Katz, and Richard Tucker. 1998. Taking Time Seriously: Time-Series-Cross-Section Analysis with a Binary Dependent Variable. American Journal of Political Science 42:1260-88.
13. Bernick, E. Lee. 1979. Gubernatorial Tools: Formal vs. Informal. Journal of Pol-itics 41:656-64.
14. Berry, Frances Stokes. 1994. Sizing Up State Policy Innovation Research. Policy Studies journal 22:442-56.
15. Berry, Frances Stokes, and William D. Berry. 1990. State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis. American Political Science Review 84:395-415.
16. Berry, Frances Stokes, and William D. Berry. 1992. Tax Innovation in the States: Capitalizing on Political Oppor-tunity. American journal of Political Science 36:715-42.
17. Berry, Frances Stokes, and William D. Berry. 1999. Innovation and Diffusion Models in Policy Research. In Theories of the Policy Process, ed. Paul Sabatier. Boulder, CO: Westvicw.
18. Berry, William D., and Brady Bay beck. 2005. Using Geographic Information Systems to Study Interstate Competition. American Political Science Review 99:505-20.
19. Berry, William D., Richard C. Fording, and Russell L. Hanson. 2003. Reassessing the “Race to the Bottom” in State Welfare Policy. Journal of Poli-tics 65:327-49.
20. Berry, William D., Evan J. Ringquist, Richard C. Fording, and Russell L. Han-son. 1998. Measuring Citizen and Government Ideology in the American States, [960-1993. American Journal of Political Science 42:327-48.
21. Beyle, Thad. 2004. The Governors. In Politics in the American States, ed. Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson. 8th ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
22. Binder, Sarah A. 2003. Stalemate: Causes and Consequences of Legislative Gridlock. Washington, DC: Brookings institution.
23. Bingham, Richard D. 1976. The Adoption of Innovation by Local Government. Lex-ington, MA: Lexington Books.
24. Boeckclman, Keith. 1992. The Influence of States on Federal Policy Adoptions. Policy Studies Journal 20:365-75.
25. Boehmke, Frederick J., and Richard Witmer. 2004. Disentangling Diffusion:The Effects of Social Learning and Economic Competition on State Policy Innovation and Expansion. Political Research Quarterly 57:39-51.
26. Bonoli, Giuliano. 1997. Classifying Welfare States: A Two-Dimension Approach. Journal of Social Policy 26:351-72.
27. Bordonaro, Molly Hering. 1995. Medical Savings Accounts and the States: Growth from the Grassroots. Dallas: National Center For Policy Analysis.
28. Bowler, Shaun, and Todd Donovan. 2004. The Initiative Process. In Politics in the American States, ed. Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson. 8th ed. Wash-ington, DC: CQ Press.
29. Bowman, Ann O’M., and Richard C. Kearney. 1986. The Resurgence of the States. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Mall.
30. Box-Steffensmcier, Janet M., and Bradford S. Jones. 1997. Time Is of the Essence: Event History Models in Political Science. American Journal of Politi-cal Science 41:1414-61.
31. Box-Steffensmcier, Janet M., and Bradford S. Jones. 2004. Event History Modeling: A Guide Jor Social Scientists. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
32. Brace, Paul, and Aubrey Jewett. 1995. The State of State Politics Research. Political Research Quarterly 48:643-81.
33. Bratton, Kathleen A., and Kerry L. Haynic. 1999. Agenda Setting and Legisla-tive Success in State Legislatures: The Effects of Gender and Race. Journal of Politics 61:658-79.
34. Bridges, Amy. 1997. Morning Glories: Municipal Reform in the Southwest. Prince-ton: Princeton University Press.
35. J Brueckner, Jan K. 2000. Welfare Reform and the Race to the Bottom: Theory and Evidence. Southern Economic Journal 66:505-25.
36. Brunelli, Samuel A., ed. 1995. Sourcebook of American State Legislation. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: American Legislative Exchange Council.
37. Buckley, Jack, and Chad Westerland. 2004. Duration Dependence, Functional Form, and Corrected Standard Errors: Improving EFIA Models of State Pol-icy Diffusion. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 4:94-113.
38. Bulger, William M. 1996. While the Music Lasts: My Lije in Politics. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.
39. Buncc, Victoria Craig. 1998. The Basics of Medical Savings Accounts. Associa-tion Management 50:85-90.
40. Buncc, Victoria Craig. 2000. Snapshot: What Are Medical Savings Accounts? CAHI Policy Brief 4:1-7.
41. Buncc, Victoria Craig. 2001. Medical Savings Accounts: Problems and Progress under HIPAA. Washington, DC: Cato Institute.
42. Carter, Larry E., and James T, LaPlant. 1997. Diffusion of Health Care Policy Innovation in the United States. State and Local Government Review 29:17-26.
43. Cauchi, Richard. 1999. Making Medicines Affordable: A Number of States Have for Years Helped Older Americans Buy Needed Prescription Drugs. State Legislatures 25:10-11.
44. Cauchi, Richard. 2000. New England Tackles High Drug Prices. State Legislatures 26:9.
45. Center for Social Development. 2001. IDA Policy in the States. St. Louis: Center for Social Development.
46. Clark, Jill. 1985. Policy Diffusion and Program Scope: Research Directions. Publius 15:61-70.
47. Clark, Jill, and J. Lawrence French. 1984. Innovation and Program Content in State Tax Policies. State and Local Government Review 16:11-16.
48. Clark, Jill, and Thomas H. Little. 2002a. National Organizations as Sources of Information for State Legislative Leaders. State and Local Government Review 34:38-44.
49. Clark, Jill, and Thomas H. Little. 2002b. Party Change and Policy Reform: Welfare Programs in the American States. American Review oj Politics 23:379-96.
50. Clemens, Elisabeth S. 1998. The People’s Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925, Chicago: Univer-sity of Chicago Press.
51. Clucas, Richard A. 2001. Principal-Agent Theory and the Power of State House Speakers. Legislative Studies Quarterly 26:319-38.
52. Commonwealth of Virginia. 1995. Virginia Independence Program. Richmond:Virginia Department of Social Services.
53. Conlan, Timothy. 1998. From New Federalism to Devolution: Twenty-Five Years of Intergovernmental Reform. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
54. Converse, Phillip E. 1990. Popular Representation and the Distribution of Information. In Information and Democratic Processes, ed. John A. Ferejohn and James H. Kuklinski. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
55. Cook, Fay Lomax, Tom R. Tyler, Edward G. Goctz, Margaret T. Gordon, David Protcss, Donna R. Leff, and Harvey Moltoch. 1983. Media and Agenda Setting: Effects on the Public, Interest Group Leaders, Policy Mak-ers, and Policy. Public Opinion Quarterly 47:16-35.
56. Corbett, Thomas. 1991. The Wisconsin Welfare Magnet Debate: What Is an Ordinary Member of the Tribe to Do When the Witch Doctors Disagree? Focus 13:19-28.
57. Council of State Governments. 1950. The Book of the States, 1950-1951. Chicago: Council of State Governments.
58. Council of State Governments. 1996. Survey on State Welfare Reform Activities. Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments.
59. Cox, Gary W., and Mathew D. McCubbins. 1993. Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House. Berkeley: University of California Press.
60. Crain, Robert L. 1966. Fluoridation: The Diffusion of an Innovation among Cities. Social Forces 44:467-76.
61. Crouse, Gil. 1999. State Implementation of Major Changes to Welfare Policies, 1992-1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser-vices.
62. Daley, Dorothy M., and James C. Garand. 2005c. Horizontal Diffusion, Verti-cal Diffusion, and Internal Pressure in State Environmental Policymaking, 1989-1998. American Politics Research 33:615-44.
63. Derthick, Martha. 1979. Policymaking for Social Security. Washington, DC:Brookings Institution.
64. DiMaggio, Paul J., and Walter G. Powell. 1983. The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review 48:147-60.
65. Dye, Thomas R. 1966. Politics, Economics, and the Public: Policy Outcomes in the American States. Chicago: Rand McNally.
66. Elliot, Barbara A. 1993. State “Laboratories” Test Health Reform Solutions. Minnesota Medicine 76:14-21.
67. Erikson, Robert, Gerald C. Wright, and John P. Mclver. 1993. Statehouse Democracy: Public Opinion and Policy in the States. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-versity Press.
68. Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Prince-ton: Princeton University Press.
69. Eyestone, Robert. 1977. Confusion, Diffusion, and Innovation. American Politi-cal Science Review 71:441-47.
70. Fellowes, Matthew C, and Gretchen Rowe. 2004. Politics and the New Amer-ican Welfare States. American Journal of Political Science 48:362-73.
71. Ferguson, Margaret Robertson. 2003. Chief Executive Success in the Legisla-tive Arena. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 3:158-82.
72. Ferrara, Peter J. 1994. Power to the People: Positive Alternatives to the Oregon Health Plan. Portland, OR: Cascade Policy Institute.
73. Ferrara, Peter J. 1995. More than a Theory: Medical Savings Accounts at Work. Washing-ton, DC: Cato Institute.
74. Figlio, David N., Van W. Koplin, and William E. Reid. 2000. Do States Play Welfare Games? Journal of Urban Economics 66:505-25.
75. Foster, John L. 1978. Regionalism and Innovation in the American States. Jour-nal of Politics 40:179-87.
76. Gais, Thomas, and R. Kent Weaver. 2002. State Policy Choices under Welfare Reform. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
77. Gates, Vickie. 1994. Medical Savings Accounts. Salem, OR: Office of Health Pol-icy, Department of Human Resources.
78. George, Alexander L., and Andrew Bennett. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
79. Gladwcll, Malcolm. 2002. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston: Little, Brown.
80. Glick, Henry R. 1992. The Right to Die: Policy Innovation and Its Consequences. New York: Columbia University Press.
81. Glick, Henry R., and Scott P. Hays. 1991. Innovation and Reinvention in State Policymaking: Theory and the Evolution of Living-Will Laws. Journal of Pol-itics 53:835-50.
82. Glickman, Lillian. 2002. Report on Prescription Advantage’s First Nine Months of Operation. Boston: Executive Office of Elder Affairs.
83. Goodman, John C, and Gerald L. Musgrave. 1992. Patient Power: Solving Amer-ica’s Health Care Crisis. Washington, DC: Cato Institute.
84. Grattet, Ryken, Valerie Jenness, and Theodore R. Curry. 1998. The Homogc-nization and Differentiation of Hate Crime Law in the United States, 1978-1995: Innovation and Diffusion in the Criminalization of Bigotry. American Sociological Review 63:286-307.
85. Gray, Virginia. 1973. Innovation in the States: A Diffusion Study. American Political Science Review 67:1174-85.
86. Gray, Virginia. 1994. Competition, Emulation, and Policy Innovation. In New Per-spectives on American Politics, ed. Lawrence C. Dodd and Calvin Jillson. Wash-ington, DC: CQ Press.
87. Gray, Virginia. 1999. The Socioeconomic and Political Context of States. In Politics in the States: A Comparative Analysis, ed. Virginia Gray, Russell L. Hanson, and Herbert Jacob. 7th ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
88. Gray, Virginia, and David Lovvcry. 2001a. The Expression of Density Depen-dence in State Communities of Organized Interests. American Politics Research 29:374-91
89. Gray, Virginia, and David Lovvcry. 2001b. The Institutionalization of State Communities of Organized Interests. Political Research Quarterly 54:265-84.
90. Greenberg, Mark. 1996. Racing to the Bottom? Recent State Welfare Initiatives Pres-ent Cause for Concern. Washington, DC: Center for Law and Social Policy.
91. Greenberg, Mark, Steve Savner, and Rebecca Swartz. 1996. Limits on Limits:State and Federal Policies on Welfare Term Limits, Washington, DC: Center for Law and Social Policy.
92. Greve, Michael S. 2001. Laboratories of Democracy: Anatomy oi a Metaphor. Federalist Outlook (American Enterprise Institute) 6, AEI Online (Washing-ton), http://www.aei.org/pubIications/pubID.12743/pub_detail.asp (accessed October 17, 2001).
93. Gross, David, and Sharon Bee. 1999. State Pharmacy Assistance Programs. Wash-ington, DC: AARP Public: Policy Institute.
94. Grossbaek, Lawrence J., Sean Nicholson-Crotty, and David A. M. Peterson. 2004. Ideology and Learning in Policy Diftusion. American Politics Research 32:521-45.
95. Grossman, Brian, and Robert G. Friedman. 1997. Ruilding Assets and Economic Independence through Individual Development Accounts. Washington, DC:National Governors Association.
96. Haider-Markel, Donald P. 2001. Policy Diffusion as a Geographical Expansion of the Scope of Political Conflict: Same-Sex Marriage Bans in the 1990s. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 1:5-26.
97. Hall, Peter A. 2003. Aligning Ontology and Methodology in Comparative Research. In Comparative tlistorical Analysis in the Social Sciences, ed. James Mahoncy and Dietrich Rucschcmeyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
98. Hamm, Keith E., and Gary F. Moncrief. 1999. Legislative Politics in the States. In Politics in the States: A Comparative Analysis, ed. Virginia Gray, Russell L. Hanson, and Herbert Jacob. 7th ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
99. Hamm, Keith E., and Gary F. Moncrief. 2004. Legislative Politics in the States. In Politics in the American States, ed. Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson. 8th ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
100. Hays, Scott P. 1996. Influences on Reinvention during the Diffusion of Innova-tions. Political Research Quarterly 49:631-50.
101. Hays, Scott P., and Henry R. Glick. 1997. The Role of Agenda Setting in Pol-icy Innovation: An Event History Analysis of Living-Will Laws. American Pol-itics Quarterly 25:497-516.
102. Herstek, Jacob. 1998. Finance: Medical Savings Accounts, Denver: Health Policy Tracking Service.
103. Himelfarb, Richard. 1995. Catastrophic Politics: The Rise and Fall of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988. University Park: Pennsylvania State Univer-sity Press.
104. Hird, John A. 2005. Power, Knowledge, and Politics: Policy Analysis in the States, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
105. Holahan, John, and Len Nichols. 1996. State Health Policy in the 1990s. In Health Policy, Federalism, and the American States, ed. Robert F. Rich and William D. White. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
106. Holbrook, Thomas, and Emily Van Dunk. 1993. Electoral Competition in the American States. American Political Science Review 87:955-62.
107. Howard, Christopher. 1997. The Hidden Welfare State: Tax Expenditures and Social Policy in the United States. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
108. Ito, Shuichiro. 2001. Shaping Policy Diffusion: Event History Analyses of onal Laws in Japanese Prefectures. Japanese Journal of Political Science 2:211-35.
109. Jacob, Herbert. 1988. Silent Revolution: The Transformation of Divorce Law in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
110. Jewell, Malcolm. 1982. The Neglected World of State Politics. Journal of Poli-tics 44:638-57.
111. Johnson, Haynes, and David S. Broder. 1996. The System: The American Way of Politics at the Breaking Point. Boston: Little, Brown.
112. Joint Commission on Health Care. 2002. Virginia’s Medical Savings Account Pro-gram Study. Richmond: Joint Commission on Health Care.
113. Jones, Bradford S., and Regina P. Branton. 2005. Beyond Logit and Probit:Cox Duration Models of Single, Repeating, and Competing Events for State Policy Adoption. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 5:420-43.
114. Jones, Trevor, and Tim Ncwburn. 2002. Learning from Uncle Sam? Exploring U.S. Influence on British Crime Control Policy. Governance 15:97-119.
115. Jones-Corrca, Michael. 2000-2001. The Origins and Diffusion of Racial Restrictive Covenants. Political Science Quarterly 115:541-68.
116. Kaye, Neva. 2002. Affording Prescription Drugs: State Initiatives to Contain Costs and Improve Access. Portland, ME: National Academy for State Health Policy.
117. Kemkovich, Linda. 2000. Northeastern States Seek Cure for a Common 111:Prescription Drug Costs. State Health Notes 21:9.
118. King, Gary, Michael Tomz, and Jason Wittenberg. 2000. Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation. American journal of Political Science 44:347-61.
119. King, James D. 2000. Changes in Professionalism in U.S. State Legislatures. Legislative Studies Quarterly 25; 327-43.
120. Kingdon, John W. 1995. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. 2d ed. New York: HarperCollins College.
121. Klingman, David, and William M. Lammers. 1984. The “General Policy Liber-alism Factor” in American State Politics. American Journal of Political Science 28:598-610.
122. Kollman, Ken. 1998. Outside Lobbying: Public Opinion and Interest Group Strategies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
123. Kollman, Ken, John H. Miller, and Scott E. Page. 2000. Decentralization and the Search for Policy Solutions. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 16:102-28.
124. Kopstein, Jeffrey S., and David A. Reilly. 2000. Geographic Diffusion and the Transformation of the Postcommunist World. World Politics 53:1-37.
125. Kousser, Thad. 2005. Term Limits and the Dismantling of Legislative Professionalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
126. Kuklinkski, James H., Paul J. Quirk, David W. Schwcider, and Robert F. Rich. 1998. Just the Facts, Ma’am: Political Facts and Public Opinion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 560:143-54.
127. Lasswell, Harold D. 1936. Politics: Who Gets What, When, How. New York:McGraw-Hill.
128. Leichter, Howard M. 1997. The States and Health Care Policy: Taking the Lead. In Health Policy Reform in America: Innovations from the States, ed. Howard M. Leichter. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
129. Levitt, Barbara, and James G. March. 1988. Organizational Learning. Annual Review of Sociology 14:319-40.
130. Alfred R. 1978. Intergovernmental Sources of Innovation in State Administration. American Politics Quarterly 6:147-66.
131. Lindblom, Charles E. 1959. The Science of “Muddling Through.” Public Admin-istration Review 19:79-88.
132. Lindblom, Charles E., and David K. Cohen. 1979. Usable Knowledge: Social Sci-ence and Social Problem Solving. New Haven: Yale University Press.
133. Martin, Isaac. 2001. Dawn of the Living Wage: The Diffusion of a Redistribu-tive Municipal Policy. Urban Affairs Review 36:470-96.
134. Matthews, Merrill, Jr. 1996. Medical Savings Account Legislation; The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Dallas: National Center for Policy Analysis.
135. Mayhew, David R. 1974. Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven: Yale University Press.
136. Mayhew, David R. 1991. Divided We Govern: Party Control, Lawmaking, and Investigations, 1946-1990. New Haven: Yale University Press.
137. McAdam, Doug, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. 2001. Dynamics of Con-tention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
138. McDonaugh, John E. 2000. Experiencing Politics: A Legislator’s Stories of Govern-ment and Health Care. Berkeley: University of California Press.
139. McNeal, Ramona, Caroline J. Tolbert, Karen Mossberger, and Lisa J. Dotter-weich. 2003. Innovating in Digital Government in the American States. Social Science Quarterly 84:52-70.
140. McVoy, Edgar C. 1940. Patterns of Diffusion in the United States. American Sociological Review 5:219-27.
141. Menzel, Donald C, and Irwin Feller. 1977. Leadership and Interaction Pat-terns in the Diffusion of Innovations among the American States. Western Political Quarterly 30:528-36.
142. Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan. 1977. Institutionalized Organizations: For-mal Structure as Myth and Ceremony. American journal of Sociology 83:340-63.
143. Michaux, Melissa Buis. 2002. Taking States Seriously: Welfare Reform Imple-mentation in Massachusetts and Oregon. PhD diss., Brandeis University.
144. Miller, Edward Alan. 2004. Advancing Comparative State Policy Research:Toward Conceptual Integration and Methodological Expansion. State and Local Government Review 36:35-58.
145. Milne, Patti, and Jim Scagravcs. 1996. Improving Oregon’s Medicaid Program: Why Not Try Means-Tested and Risk-Adjusted Vouchers? Portland, OR: Cascade Policy Institute.
146. Mintrom, Michael. 1997. Policy Entrepreneurs and the Diffusion of Innova-tions. American journal of Political Science 4117. 38-70.
147. Mintrom, Michael. 2000. Policy Entrepreneurs and School Choice. Washington, DC: George-town University Press.
148. Mintrom, Michael, and Susan Vergari. 1997. Charter Schools as a State Policy Innovation: Assessing Recent Developments. State and Local Government Review 29:43-49.
149. Mintrom, Michael, and Susan Vergari. 1998. Policy Networks and Innovation Diffusion: The Case of State Education Reforms. Journal of Politics 60:126-48.
150. Mittler, Brant, and Merrill Matthews Jr. 1995. Can Managed Care Solve the Med-icaid Crisis? Dallas: National Center for Policv Analvsis.
151. Moncrief, Gary F., and Joel A. Thompson. 2001. On the Outside Looking In:Lobbyists’ Perspectives on the Effects of State Legislative Term Limits. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 1:394-411.
152. Moncrief, Gary F., Joel A. Thompson, Michael Haddon, and Robert Hoyer. 1992. For Whom the Bell Tolls: Term Limits and State Legislatures. Legisla-tive Studies Quarterly 17:37-47.
153. Moon, Marilyn, Lcn M. Nichols, and Susan Wall. 1996. Medical Savings Accounts: A Policy Analysis. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
154. Mooney, Christopher Z. 1991. Information Sources in Legislative Decision Making. Legislative Studies Quarterly 16:445-55.
155. Mooney, Christopher Z. 2001a. Modeling Regional Effects on State Policy Diffusion. Political Research Quarterly 54:103-24.
156. Mooney, Christopher Z. 2001b. The Public Clash of Private Values: The Politics of Morality Policy. New York: Chatham House.
157. Mooney, Christopher Z. 2001c. State Politics and Policy Quarterly and the Study of State Politics:The Editor’s Introduction. State Politics and Policy Quarterly 1:1-4.
158. Mooney, Christopher Z., and Mei-Hsien Lee. 1995. Legislative Morality in the American States: The Case of Prc-Roc Abortion Reform. American Journal oj Political Science 39:599-617.
159. Mooney, Christopher Z., and Mei-Hsien Lee. 1999. Morality Policy Reinvention: State Death Penalties. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 566:80-92.
160. Morgan Quitno Corporation. 1998. Health Care State Rankings. 6th ed. Lawrence, KS: Morgan Quitno Corporation.
161. Morone, James. 2000. Introduction to The New Politics of State Health Policy, ed. Robert B. Hackcy and David A. Rochcfort. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
162. Mossbcrger, Karen. 2000. The Politics of Ideas and the Spread of Enterprise Zones. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
163. Muller, Keith J. 1985. Explaining Variation and Change in Gubernatorial Pow-ers, 1960-1982. Western Political Quarterly 38:424-31.
164. Mutz, Diana C, and Joe Soss. 1997. Reading Public Opinion: The Influence of News Coverage on Perceptions of Public Sentiment. Public Opinion Quarterly 61:431-51.
165. Nathan, Richard P. 2000. Social Science in Government: The Role of Policy Researchers. Albany, NY: Rockefeller Institute Press.
166. National Center for Policy Analysis. 1994. Medical Savings Accounts: The Private Sector Already Has Them. Dallas: National Center for Policy Analysis.
167. National Center for Policy Analysis. 2004. A Brief History of Health Savings Accounts. Dallas: National Center for Policy Analysis.
168. National Governors Association. 1997. Summary of Selected Elements of State Plans for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. Washington, DC: National Gover-nors Association.
169. National Governors Association. 1999. Bound Two Summary of Selected Elements of State Programsjor Tem-porary Assistance for Needy Families. Washington, DC: National Governors Association.
170. Nelson, Barbara J. 1984. Making an Issue of Child Abuse: Political Agenda Setting for Social Problems. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
171. Nice, David C. 1994. Policy Innovation in State Government. Ames: Iowa State University Press.
172. Nichols, Len M., and Linda J. Blumberg. 1998. A Different Kind of “New Fed-eralism”? The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. Health Affairs 17:25-42.
173. Nownes, Anthony J., and Patricia Freeman. 1998. Interest Group Activity in the States. Journal of Politics 60:86-112.
174. Odom, Michelle. 1996. The Ohio, North Carolina, and Texas Welfare Waivers. W-Memo (American Public Welfare Association) 8:3-6.
175. Oregon Family Support Council. 1994. Review of Family Support in Oregon. Salem: Oregon Family Support Council.
176. Oregon Society of Certified Public Accountants. 1997. An Analysis of Changes Resulting from the: Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and Small Business Job Protec-tion Act. Beavcrton: Oregon Society of Certified Public Accountants.
177. Oregon Welfare Reform Work Group. 1995. An Investment Opportunity:Redesigning Oregon’s Public Assistance System to Reduce Poverty by Placing More Oregonians in Jobs. Salem: Oregon Welfare Reform Work Group.
178. Osborne, David. 1990. Laboratories of Democracy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
179. Pavalko, Eliza K. 1989. Statel iming of Policy Adoption: Workmen’s Com-pensation in the United States, 1909-1929. American Journal of Sociology 95:592-615.
180. Peterson, Paul E., and Mark C. Rom. 1990. Welfare Magnets: A New Case for a National Standard. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
181. Pierson, Paul. 1994. Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher, and the Poli-tics of Retrenchment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
182. Pierson, Paul. 1996. The New Politics of the Welfare State. World Politics 48:143-79.
183. Pierson, Paul. 2004. Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Prince-ton: Princeton University Press.
184. Polsby, Nelson W. 1984. Political Innovation: The Politics of Policy Initiation. New Haven: Yale University Press.
185. Przeworski, Adam, and Henry Teune. 1970. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. New York: Wiley-Intcrsciencc.
186. Putnam, Robert D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
187. Quadagno, Jill. 1994. The Color of Welfare: How Racism Undermined the War on Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.
188. Rice, Ronald E., and Everett M. Rogers. 1980. Reinvention in the Innovation Process. Knowledge 1:499-514.
189. Rist, Carl. 2002. Self-Sufficiency through Individual Development Accounts (IDAs): What’s the Role for State Policy? Housing Facts and Findings 4, avail-able at http://www.fanniemacfoundation.org/programs/hff/V4:1-ida.shtml (accessed January 24, 2005).
190. Roberts, Sandra. 1997. Block Grant Hearing: Welfare Reform Takes Center Stage. Intergovernmental Issues 18:1, 6-8.
191. Rodgcrs, Daniel T. 1998. Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
192. Rogers, Everett. 1995. Diffusion of Innovations. 4th ed. New York: Free Press.
193. Roh, Jongho, and Donald P. Haider-Markel. 2003. All Politics Is Not Local:National Forces in State Abortion Initiatives. Social Science Quarterly 84: 15-31.
194. Rom, Mark Carl. 2004. Transforming State Health and Welfare Programs. In Politics in the American States, ed. Virginia Gray and Russell L. Hanson. 8th ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
195. Rom, Mark Carl, Paul H. Peterson, and Kenneth F. Schevc jr. 1998. Interstate Competition and Welfare Policy. Publius 28:17-38.
196. Rose, Richard. 1993. Lesson-Drawing in Public Policy: A Guide to Learning across Time and Space. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
197. Rosenthal, Alan. 1990. Governors and Legislators: Contending Powers. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
198. Rosenthal, Alan. 1993. The Third House: Lobbyists and Lobbying in the States. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
199. Ryan, Bryce, and Neal C. Gross. 1943. The Diffusion of Hybrid Seed Corn in Two Iowa Communities. Rural Sociology 8:15-24.
200. Sabatier, Paul, and David Whiteman. 1985. Legislative Decision Making and Substantive Policy Information: Models of Information Flow. Legislative Stud-ies Quarterly 10: 395-421.
201. Saint-Germain, Michelle A. 1989. Does Their Difference Make a Difference? The Impact of Women on Public Policy in the Arizona Legislature. Social Sci-ence Quarterly 70:956-68.
202. Sapat, Alka. 2004. Devolution and Innovation: The Adoption of State Environ-mental Policy Innovations by Administrative Agencies. Public Administration Review 64:141-51.
203. Savage, Robert L. 1985. Diffusion Research Traditions and the Spread of Policy-Innovation in a Federal System. Publius 15:1-27.
204. Scandlen, Greg. 1998a. Congress Should Lift Restrictions on MSAs. Human Events 54:20.
205. Scandlen, Greg. 1998b. Medical Savings Accounts: Obstacles to Their Growth and Ways to Improve Them. Dallas: National Center for Policy Analysis.
206. Schickler, Eric. 2001. Disjointed Pluralism: Institutional Innovation and the Develop-ment of the US. Congress. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
207. Shaw, Greg M. 2000. The Role of Public Input in State Welfare Policymaking. Policy Studies journal 28:707-20.
208. Sherraden, Michael. 1990. Stakeholding: A New Direction in Social Policy. Wash-ington, DC: Progressive Policy Institute.
209. Sherraden, Michael. 1991. Assets and the Poor: A New American Welfare Policy. New York: M. E. Sharpc.
210. Skocpol, Thcda. 1988. The Limits of the New Deal System and the Roots of Contemporary Welfare Dilemmas. In The Politics of Social Policy in the United States, ed. Margaret Weir, Ann Shoia Orloff, and Theda Skocpol. Princeton:Princeton University Press.
211. Skocpol, Thcda. 1992. Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
212. Skocpol, Theda. 1995. “Brother, Can You Sparc a Job?" Work and Welfare in the United States. In Social Policy in the United States: Future Possibilities in Histori-cal Perspective, ed. Thcda Skocpol. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
213. Skocpol, Thcda. 1997. Boomerang: Health Care Reform and the Turn against Government. New York: W. W. Norton.
214. Skocpol, Thcda. 1999. Advocates without Members: The Recent Transformation of American Civic Life. In Civic Engagement in American Democracy, ed. Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
215. Soss, Joe, Sanford F. Schram, Thomas P. Vartanian, and Erin O’Brien. 2001. Setting the Terms of Relief: Explaining State Policy Choices in the Devolu-tion Revolution. American Journal of Political Science 45:378-95.
216. Squire, Peverill. 1992. Legislative Professionalization and Membership Diver-sity in State Legislatures. Legislative Studies Quarterly 17:69-79.
217. Stark, Shelley, and Jodie Levin-Epstein. 1999. Excluded Children: Family Cap in a New Era. Washington, DC: Center for Law and Social Policy.
218. State Policy Demonstration Project. 1999. Family Cap: Exemptions. Washington, DC: Center for Law and Social Policy and Center for Budget and Policy Pri-orities.
219. Stone, Deborah. 1997a. Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making. New York: W, W. Norton.
220. Stone, Deborah. 1997b. State Innovation in Health Care Policy. In Innovation in Ameri-can Government: Challenges, Opportunities, and Dilemmas, ed. Alan A. Altshuler and Robert D. Behn. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
221. Stone, Diane. 2000. Non-Governmental Policy Transfer: The Strategies of Independent Policy Institutes. Governance 13:45-70.
222. Stonecash, Jeffrey M. 1996. The State Politics Literature: Moving beyond Covariation and Pursuing Politics. Polity 28:559-79.
223. Strang, David, and Sarah A. Soule. 1998. Diffusion in Organizations and Social Movements: From Hybrid Corn to Poison Pills. Annual Review of Sociology 24:265-90.
224. Stream, Christopher. 1999. Health Reform in the States: A Model ol Small Group Health Insurance Market Reforms. Political Research Quarterly 52:499-525.
225. Stuart, Elaine. 1997. Oregon Option: Welfare Reform. Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments.
226. Thomas, Sue, and Susan Welch. 1991. The Impact of Gender on Activities and Priorities of State Legislators. Western Political Quarterly 44:445-56.
227. Tvcrsky, Amos, and Daniel Kahncman. 1982. Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability. In Judgment under Uncertainty; Heuristics and Biases, cel. Daniel Kahncman, Paul Slovic, and Amos Tvcrsky. Cam-bridge: Cambridge University Press.
228. Tvcrsky, Amos, and Daniel Kahncman. 2004. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. In Prefer-ence, Belief, and Similarity: Selected Writings, ed. Amos Tversky. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
229. Tweedic, Jack. 1994. Resources rather than Needs: A State-Centered Model of Welfare Policymaking. American Journal oj Political Science 38:651-72.
230. U.S. Census Bureau. 2001. Census 2000 Summary Pile. Washington, DC. U.S. Department ol Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau.
231. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1996. State Welfare Demonstra-tions. Washington, DC: U.S. Department ol Health and Human Services.
232. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1997. Setting the Baseline: A Report on State Welfare Waivers. Washing-ton, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
233. Volden, Craig. 2006. States as Policy Laboratories: Emulating Success in the Children’s Health Insurance Program. American Journal of Political Science 50:294-312.
234. Walker, Jack L., Jr. 1969. The Diffusion of Innovations among the American States. American Political Science Review 63:880-99
235. Waltman, Jcrold L. 1980. Copying Other Nations’ Policies: Two American Case Stud-ies. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.
236. Weaver, R. Kent. 2000. Ending Welfare As We Know It. Washington, DC: Brook-ings Institution.
237. Weissert, Carol S. 1983. The National Governors Association: 1908-1983. State Government 56:44-52.
238. Welch, Susan, and Kay Thompson. 1980. The Impact of Federal Incentives on State Policy Innovation. American Political Science Review 24:715-29.
239. Wcllman, Barry, ed. 1999. Networks in the Global Village: Life in Contemporary Communities. Boulder, CO: Westview.
240. Wcyland, Kurt. 2004. Theories of Policy Diffusion: An Assessment. Photo-copy, Department of Government, University of Texas at Austin.
241. Wcyland, Kurt. 2005. Theories of Policy Diffusion: Lessons from Latin American Pension Reform. World Politics 57:262-95.
242. Wicks, Elliot K., and Jack A. Meyer. 1998. The Role of Medical Savings Accounts in Health System Reform, Washington, DC: Economic and Social Research Institute.
243. Winston, Pamela. 2002. Welfare Policymaking in the States: The Devil in Devolu-tion. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
244. Winter, James P., and Chaim H. Eyal. 1981. Agenda Setting for the Civil Rights Issue. Public Opinion Quarterly 45:376-83.
245. Wolak, Jennifer, Adam J. Newmark, Todd McNoldy, David Lowery, and Vir-ginia Gray. 2002. Much of Politics Is Still Local: Multi-State Lobbying in State Interest Communities. Legislative Studies Quarterly 27:527-55.
246. Wright, Gerald C, Robert S. Erikson, and John P. Mclver. 1985. Measuring State Partisanship and Ideology with Survey Data. Journal of Politics 47:469-89.
247. Yamaguchi, Kazuo. 1991. Event History Analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
248. Yin, Robert K. 1989. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.