Regional comparison of organophosphate flame retardant (PFR) urinary metabolites and tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) in mother-toddler pairs from California and New Jersey

Environment International

Volumn 94, Issue , 2016, Pages 627-634

  Butt, Craig M ^a   Hoffman, Kate ^a   Chen, Albert ^a   Lorenzo, Amelia ^a   Congleton, Johanna ^b   Stapleton, Heather M ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Suite 100   (United States)

Author keywords

Mother child pairs; Organophosphate chemical flame retardants; Urine metabolites

Indexed keywords

BIOMOLECULES; CONSUMER PRODUCTS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; METABOLITES; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PHASE SEPARATION;

FLAMMABILITY STANDARDS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY (LC MS/MS); MOTHER-CHILD PAIRS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER (PBDES); POSITIVE CORRELATIONS; REGIONAL DIFFERENCES; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION;

FLAME RETARDANTS;

2 ETHYLHEXYL TETRABROMOBENZOATE; BIS(1 CHLORO 2 PROPYL)PHOSPHATE; BIS(1,3 DICHLORO 2 PROPYL)PHOSPHATE; BROMOBENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVE; DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE; FLAME RETARDANT; ISOPROPYL PHENYL PHENYL PHOSPHATE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE FLAME RETARDANT; PHOSPHATE; TERT BUTYL PHENYL PHENYL PHOSPHATE; TETRABROMOBENZOIC ACID; TRIS(1 CHLORO 2 PROPYL)PHOSPHATE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ORGANOPHOSPHATE;

BIOACCUMULATION; BIOMARKER; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FLAME RETARDANT; METABOLITE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; URINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CALIFORNIA; CHILD; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATIONAL STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HUMAN; INFANT; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOTHER; NEW JERSEY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TODDLER; TREND STUDY; URINE LEVEL; ANALYSIS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; URINE;

CALIFORNIA; NEW JERSEY; UNITED STATES;

BROMOBENZOATES; CALIFORNIA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COHORT STUDIES; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FLAME RETARDANTS; HUMANS; MOTHERS; NEW JERSEY; ORGANOPHOSPHATES;

EID: 84989316795     PISSN: 01604120     EISSN: 18736750     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.029     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Braune, B.M., Letcher, R.J., Gaston, A.J., Mallory, M.L., Trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in eggs of Canadian Arctic seabirds reflect changing use patterns. Environ. Res. 142 (2015), 651–661.
2. Butt, C.M., Congleton, J., Hoffman, K., Fang, M., Stapleton, H.M., Metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants and 2-ethylhexyl tetrabromobenzoate in urine from paired mothers and toddlers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48:17 (2014), 10432–10438.
3. Carignan, C.C., McClean, M.D., Cooper, E.M., Watkins, D.J., Fraser, A.J., Heiger-Bernays, W., Stapleton, H.M., Webster, T.F., Predictors of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate metabolite in the urine of office workers. Environ. Int. 55 (2013), 56–61.
4. Cequier, E., Sakhi, A.K., Marcé, R.M., Becher, G., Thomsen, C., Human exposure pathways to organophosphate triesters - a biomonitoring study of mother-child pairs. Environ. Int. 75 (2015), 159–165.
5. Cooper, E.M., Covaci, A., Van Nuijs, A.L.N., Webster, T.F., Stapleton, H.M., Analysis of the flame retardant metabolites bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 401:7 (2011), 2123–2132.
6. Dishaw, L.V., Hunter, D.L., Padnos, B., Padilla, S., Stapleton, H.M., Developmental exposure to organophosphate flame retardants elicits overt toxicity and alters behavior in early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicol. Sci. 142:2 (2014), 445–454.
7. Dodson, R.E., Perovich, L.J., Covaci, A., Van Den Eede, N., Ionas, A.C., Dirtu, A.C., Brody, J.G., Rudel, R.A., After the PBDE phase-out: a broad suite of flame retardants in repeat house dust samples from California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46:24 (2012), 13056–13066.
8. Dodson, R.E., Van Den Eede, N., Covaci, A., Perovich, L.J., Brody, J.G., Rudel, R.A., Urinary biomonitoring of phosphate flame retardants: levels in California adults and recommendations for future studies. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48:23 (2014), 13625–13633.
9. European Chemicals Agency. SEAC concludes on Bisphenol A, DecaBDE and PFOA restrictions and finalises two opinions for authorisation. September 15, 2015. (Accessed: March 28, 2016. http://echa.europa.eu/view-article/-/journal_content/title/seac-concludes-on-bisphenol-a-decabde-and-pfoa-restrictions-and-finalises-two-opinions-for-authorisation).
10. Fromme, H., Lahrz, T., Kraft, M., Fembacher, L., Mach, C., Dietrich, S., Burkardt, R., Völkel, W., Göen, T., Organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in the air and dust in German daycare centers and human biomonitoring in visiting children (LUPE 3). Environ. Int. 71 (2014), 158–163.
11. Guo, W., Holden, A., Smith, S.C., Gephart, R., Petreas, M., Park, J.S., PBDE levels in breast milk are decreasing in California. Chemosphere 150 (2015), 505–513.
12. Hammel, S., Hoffman, K., Webster, T.F., Anderson, K.A., Stapleton, H.M., Measuring personal exposure to organophosphate flame retardants using silicone wristbands and hand wipes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50:8 (2016), 4483–4491 (ASAP).
13. Hoffman, K., Fang, M., Horman, B., Patisaul, H.B., Garantziotis, S., Birnbaum, L.S., Stapleton, H.M., Urinary tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) as a biomarker of exposure to the flame retardant mixture Firemaster (R) 550. Environ. Health Perspect. 122 (2014), 963–969.
14. Hoffman, K., Garantziotis, S., Birnbaum, L.S., Stapleton, H.M., Monitoring indoor exposure to organophosphate flame retardants: hand wipes and house dust. Environ. Health Perspect. 123:2 (2015), 160–165.
15. Hoffman, K., Butt, C.M., Chen, A., Limkakeng, A.T., Stapleton, H.M., High exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in infants: associations with baby products. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49:24 (2015), 14554–14559.
16. Kojima, H., Takeuchi, S., Van den Eede, N., Covaci, A., Effects of primary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants on transcriptional activity via human nuclear receptors. Toxicol. Lett. 245 (2016), 31–39.
17. Kosarac, I., Kubwabo, C., Foster, W.G., Quantitative determination of nine urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants using solid phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 1014 (2016), 24–30.
18. Marvin, C., Waltho, J., Jia, J., Burniston, D., Spatial distributions and temporal trends in polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Detroit River suspended sediments. Chemosphere 91:6 (2013), 778–783.
19. Material Safety Data Sheet. Fyrol HF-5. http://www.tri-iso.com/documents/ICL_Fyrol_HF-5_MSDS.pdf; ICL Industrial Products: July 18, 2012.
20. Meeker, J.D., Cooper, E.M., Stapleton, H.M., Hauser, R., Urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants: temporal variability and correlations with house dust concentrations. Environ. Health Perspect 121 (2013), 580–585.
21. Miller, A., Elliott, J.E., Elliott, K.H., Guigueno, M.F., Wilson, L.K., Lee, S., Idrissi, A., Brominated flame retardant trends in aquatic birds from the Salish Sea region of the west coast of North America, including a mini-review of recent trends in marine and estuarine birds. Sci. Total Environ. 502 (2015), 60–69.
22. Noyes, P.D., Haggard, D.E., Gonnerman, G.D., Tanguay, R.L., Advanced morphological - behavioral test platform reveals neurodevelopmental defects in embryonic zebrafish exposed to comprehensive suite of halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants. Toxicol. Sci. 145:1 (2015), 177–195.
23. Patisaul, H.B., Roberts, S.C., Mabrey, N., McCaffrey, K.A., Gear, R.B., Braun, J., Belcher, S.M., Stapleton, H.M., Accumulation and endocrine disrupting effects of the flame retardant mixture Firemaster® 550 in rats: an exploratory assessment. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 27:2 (2013), 124–136.
24. Reemtsma, T., Lingott, J., Roegler, S., Determination of 14 monoalkyl phosphates, dialkyl phosphates and dialkyl thiophosphates by LC-MS/MS in human urinary samples. Sci. Tot. Environ. 409:10 (2011), 1900–1993.
25. Roberts, S.C., Macaulay, L.J., Stapleton, H.M., In vitro metabolism of the brominated flame retardants 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) in human and rat tissues. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 25:7 (2012), 1435–1441.
26. Rose, M., Bennett, D.H., Bergman, A.K.E., Fängström, B., Pessah, I.N., Hertz-Picciotto, I., PBDEs in 2-5 year-old children from California and associations with diet and indoor environment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44:7 (2010), 2648–2653.
27. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity; State of California Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment: March 28, 2014.
28. Schindler, B.K., Forster, K., Angerer, J., Determination of human urinary organophosphate flame retardant metabolites by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B. 877:4 (2009), 375–381.
29. Schreder, E.D., Uding, N., La Guardia, M.J., Inhalation a significant exposure route for chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants. Chemosphere 150 (2016), 499–504.
30. Schuster, J.K., Gioia, R., Moeckel, C., Agarwal, T., Bucheli, T.D., Breivik, K., Steinnes, E., Jones, K.C., Has the burden and distribution of PCBs and PBDEs changed in European background soils between 1998 and 2008? Implications for sources and processes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45:17 (2011), 7291–7297.
31. Stapleton, H.M., Sharma, S., Getzinger, G., Ferguson, P.L., Gabriel, M., Webster, T.F., Blum, A., Novel and high volume use flame retardants in US couches reflective of the 2005 PentaBDE phase out. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46:24 (2012), 13432–13439.
32. Su, G., Letcher, R.J., Yu, H., Determination of organophosphate diesters in urine samples by a high-sensitivity method based on ultra high pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1426 (2015), 154–160.
33. Sutton, R., Sedlak, M.D., Yee, D., Davis, J.A., Crane, D., Grace, R., Arsem, N., Declines in polybrominated diphenyl ether contamination of San Francisco Bay following production phase-outs and bans. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49:2 (2015), 777–784.
34. Technical Bulletin 117-2013, Requirements, Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testing the Smolder Resistance of Materials Used in Upholstered Furniture; State of California, Department of Consumer Affairs: Sacramento, CA. 2013.
35. Toms, L.M.L., Guerra, P., Eljarrat, E., Barceló, D., Harden, F.A., Hobson, P., Sjodin, A., Ryan, E., Mueller, J.F., Brominated flame retardants in the Australian population: 1993–2009. Chemosphere 89:4 (2012), 398–403.
36. Van den Eede, N., Maho, W., Erratico, C., Neels, H., Covaci, A., First insights in the metabolism of phosphate flame retardants and plasticizers using human liver fractions. Toxicol. Lett. 223:1 (2013), 9–15.
37. Van den Eede, N., Neels, H., Jorens, P.G., Covaci, A., Analysis of organophosphate flame retardant diester metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1303 (2013), 48–53.
38. Van den Eede, N., Heffernan, A.L., Aylward, L.L., Hobson, P., Neels, H., Mueller, J.F., Covaci, A., Age as a determinant of phosphate flame retardant exposure of the Australian population and identification of novel urinary PFR metabolites. Environ. Int. 74 (2015), 1–8.
39. Van den Eede, N., Tomy, G., Tao, F., Halldorson, T., Harrad, S., Neels, H., Covaci, A., Kinetics of tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) metabolism in human liver microsomes and serum. Chemosphere 144 (2016), 1299–1305.
40. van der Veen, I., de Boer, J., Phosphorus flame retardants: properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis. Chemosphere 88:10 (2012), 1119–1153.
41. Wang, Q., Lai, N.L.S., Wang, X., Guo, Y., Lam, P.K.S., Lam, J.C.W., Zhou, B., Bioconcentration and transfer of the organophorous flame retardant 1,3-dichloro-2-propyl phosphate causes thyroid endocrine disruption and developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49:8 (2015), 5123–5132.
42. Zota, A.R., Rudel, R.A., Morello-Frosch, R.A., Brody, J.G., Elevated house dust and serum concentrations of PBDEs in California: unintended consequences of furniture flammability standards?. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42:21 (2008), 8158–8164.
43. Zota, A.R., Linderholm, L., Park, J.S., Petreas, M., Guo, T., Privalsky, M.L., Zoeller, R.T., Woodruff, T.J., Temporal comparison of PBDEs, OH-PBDEs, PCBs, and OH-PCBs in the serum of second trimester pregnant women recruited from San Francisco General Hospital, California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47:20 (2013), 11776–11784.