Identification of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection Using Administrative Codes: Accuracy and Implications for Surveillance

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology

Volumn 36, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 893-898

  Wen, Jing ^a   Barber, Grant E ^b   Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N ^b,c  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOSTRIDIUM TOXIN; METRONIDAZOLE; VANCOMYCIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; ICD-9-CM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRESCRIPTION; RECURRENT INFECTION; ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS (HEALTH CARE); ALGORITHM; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; FECES; HEALTH SURVEY; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PEPTOCLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; PROCEDURES; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; RECURRENT DISEASE; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS, HEALTHCARE; AGED; ALGORITHMS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; AREA UNDER CURVE; BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; FECES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; RECURRENCE; ROC CURVE; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 84988876863     PISSN: 0899823X     EISSN: 15596834     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/ice.2015.102     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Ananthakrishnan AN. Clostridium difficile infection: epidemiology, risk factors and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;8:17-26.
2. Bartlett JG. Clinical practice: antibiotic-associated diarrhea. N Engl J Med 2002;346:334-339.
3. Bartlett JG, Perl TM. The new Clostridium difficile-what does it mean N Engl J Med 2005;353:2503-2505.
4. Gerding DN. Clostridium difficile 30 years on: what has, or has not, changed and why Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009;33:S2-S8.
5. Zimlichman E, Henderson D, Tamir O, et al. Health careassociated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:2039-2046.
6. Mergenhagen KA, Wojciechowski AL, Paladino JA. A review of the economics of treating Clostridium difficile infection. Pharmacoeconomics 2014;32:639-650.
7. Dubberke ER, Wertheimer AI. Review of current literature on the economic burden of Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009;30:57-66.
8. Bartlett JG, Gerding DN. Clinical recognition and diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:S12-S18.
9. Bauer MP, Veenendaal D, Verhoef L, et al. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-onset Clostridium difficile infection in the Netherlands. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009;15: 1087-1092.
10. Pituch H. Clostridium difficile is no longer just a nosocomial infection or an infection of adults. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009;33:S42-S45.
11. Khanna S, Pardi DS, Aronson SL, et al. The epidemiology of community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: a populationbased study. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:89-95.
12. Bauer MP, van Dissel JT, Kuijper EJ. Clostridium difficile: controversies and approaches to management. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2009;22:517-524.
13. Gerding DN, Muto CA, Owens RC Jr. Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:S32-S42.
14. Johnson S. Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a review of risk factors, treatments, and outcomes. J Infect 2009;58:403-410.
15. McFarland LV, Elmer GW, Surawicz CM. Breaking the cycle: treatment strategies for 163 cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1769-1775.
16. Surawicz CM, McFarland LV, Greenberg RN, et al. The search for a better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: use of high-dose vancomycin combined with Saccharomyces boulardii. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1012-1017.
17. Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010;31:431-455.
18. Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:478-498.
19. Konijeti GG, Sauk J, Shrime MG, et al. Cost-effectiveness of competing strategies for management of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a decision analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:1507-1514.
20. Varier RU, Biltaji E, Smith KJ, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment strategies for initial Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014;20:1343-1351.
21. Bartlett JG. The case for vancomycin as the preferred drug for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1489-1492.
22. Musher DM, Aslam S, Logan N, et al. Relatively poor outcome after treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis with metronidazole. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1586-1590.
23. Dubberke ER, Butler AM, Yokoe DS, et al. Multicenter study of surveillance for hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection by the use of ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010;31:262-268.
24. Dubberke ER, Reske KA, McDonald LC, et al. ICD-9 codes and surveillance for Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:1576-1579.
25. Shaklee J, Zerr DM, Elward A, et al. Improving surveillance for pediatric Clostridium difficile infection: derivation and validation of an accurate case-finding tool. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011;30:e38-e40.
26. Welker JA, Bertumen JB. Toxin assay is more reliable than ICD-9 data and less time-consuming than chart review for public reporting of Clostridium difficile hospital case rates. J Hosp Med 2012;7:170-175.
27. Dubberke ER, Butler AM, Nyazee HA, et al. The impact of ICD-9-CM code rank order on the estimated prevalence of Clostridium difficile infections. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:20-25.
28. Scheurer DB, Hicks LS, Cook EF, et al. Accuracy of ICD-9 coding for Clostridium difficile infections: a retrospective cohort. Epidemiol Infect 2007;135:1010-1013.
29. Schmiedeskamp M, Harpe S, Polk R, et al. Use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes and medication use data to identify nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009;30: 1070-1076.
30. Nalichowski R, Keogh D, Chueh HC, et al. Calculating the benefits of a Research Patient Data Repository. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2006:1044.
31. Sahay T, Ananthakrishnan AN. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2014;14:661.
32. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, et al. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:373-383.
33. McDonald LC, Coignard B, Dubberke E, et al. Recommendations for surveillance of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:140-145.
34. Lo Vecchio A, Zacur GM. Clostridium difficile infection: an update on epidemiology, risk factors, and therapeutic options. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2012;28:1-9.
35. Louie TJ, Miller MA, Mullane KM, et al. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med 2011;364:422-431.
36. van Nood E, Speelman P, Kuijper EJ, et al. Struggling with recurrent Clostridium difficile infections: is donor faeces the solution Euro Surveill 2009;14.
37. van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2013;368:407-415.
38. Chan M, Lim PL, Chow A, et al. Surveillance for Clostridium difficile infection: ICD-9 coding has poor sensitivity compared to laboratory diagnosis in hospital patients, Singapore. PLOS ONE 2011;6:e15603.
39. Jones G, Taright N, Boelle PY, et al. Accuracy of ICD-10 codes for surveillance of Clostridium difficile infections, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2012;18:979-981.
40. Aichinger E, Schleck CD, Harmsen WS, et al. Nonutility of repeat laboratory testing for detection of Clostridium difficile by use of PCR or enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46: 3795-3797.
41. Khanna S, Pardi DS, Rosenblatt JE, et al. An evaluation of repeat stool testing for Clostridium difficile infection by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012;46: 846-849.
42. Luo RF, Banaei N. Is repeat PCR needed for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection J Clin Microbiol 2010;48: 3738-3741.
43. Van Hise NW, Bryant AM, Crannage AJ, et al. Evaluation of secondary prophylaxis with oral vancomycin on the incidence of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections in high risk patients. In: Program and abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 5-9, 2014; Washington, DC. Abstract K367.
44. Abou Chakra CN, Pepin J, Sirard S, et al. Risk factors for recurrence, complications and mortality in Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. PLOS ONE 2014;9:e98400.