Adult renal tumors

Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology: Fifth Edition

Volumn 2-2, Issue , 2010, Pages 1757-1798

  Reuter, Victor E ^a,b   Tickoo, Satish K ^c  

^a Memorial Hospital   (United States)

^b WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^c MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84988850820     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (378)

1. Grawitz P. Die entstehung von nierentumoren aus nebennierengewebe. Arch Klin Chir 1984;30:824-834.
2. Oberling C, Riviere M, Haguenan F. Ultrastructure of clear cell epitheliomas of the kidney (hypernephroma of Grawitz tumor) and its implications for the histogenesis of the tumors. Bull Cancer Assoc Franc1959;46:356-358.
3. van den Berg E, van der Hout AH, Oosterhuis JW, et al. Cytogenetic analysis of epithelial renal-cell tumors: relationship with a new histopathological classification. Int J Cancer 1993;55:223-227.
4. Weiss LM, Gelb AB, Medeiros LJ. Adult renal epithelial neoplasms. Am J Clin Pathol 1995;103:624-635.
5. Thoenes W, Storkel S, Rumpelt HJ. Histopathology and classification of renal cell tumors (adenomas, oncocytomas and carcinomas). The basic cytological and histopathological elements and their use for diagnostics. Pathol Res Pract 1986;181:125-143.
6. Dal Cin P, Gaeta J, Huben R, et al. Renal cortical tumors. Cytogenetic characterization. Am J Clin Pathol 1989;92:408-414.
7. Kovacs G, Erlandsson R, Boldog F, et al. Consistent chromosome 3p deletion and loss of heterozygosity in renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:1571-1575.
8. Kovacs G, Frisch S. Clonal chromosome abnormalities in tumor cells from patients with sporadic renal cell carcinomas. Cancer Res 1989;49:651-659.
9. Fleming S. The impact of genetics on the classification of renal carcinoma. Histopathology 1993;22:89-92.
10. Kovacs G, Wilkens L, Papp T, et al. Differentiation between papillary and nonpapillary renal cell carcinomas by DNA analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:527-530.
11. Kovacs G, Fuzesi L, Emanual A, et al. Cytogenetics of papillary renal cell tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1991;3:249-255.
12. Kovacs G. Molecular differential pathology of renal cell tumours. Histopathology 1993;22:1-8.
13. Presti JC, Jr., Rao PH, Chen Q, et al. Histopathological, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of renal cortical tumors. Cancer Res 1991;51:1544-1552.
14. Hughson MD, Johnson LD, Silva FG, et al. Nonpapillary and papillary renal cell carcinoma: a cytogenetic and phenotypic study. Mod Pathol 1993;6:449-456.
15. Presti JC, Jr., Reuter VE, Cordon-Cardo C, et al. Allelic deletions in renal tumors: histopathological correlations. Cancer Res 1993;53:5780-5783.
16. Yoshida MA, Ohyashiki K, Ochi H, et al. Cytogenetic studies of tumor tissue from patients with nonfamilial renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 1986;46:2139-2147.
17. Carroll PR, Murty VV, Reuter V, et al. Abnormalities at chromosome region 3p12-14 characterize clear cell renal carcinoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1987;26:253-259.
18. Kovacs G, Akhtar M, Beckwith BJ, et al. The Heidelberg classification of renal cell tumours. J Pathol 1997;183:131-133.
19. Storkel S, Eble JN, Adlakha K, et al. Classification of renal cell carcinoma: Workgroup No. 1. Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer 1997;80:987-989.
20. Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, et al., eds. Tumours of the Kidney. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer Press, 2004.
21. Motzer RJ, Bander NH, Nanus DM. Renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1996;335:865-875.
22. Hollingsworth JM, Miller DC, Daignault S, et al. Variable penetrance of a consensus classification scheme for renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2007;69:452-456.
23. Kosary C, McLaughlin J. Kidney and Renal Pelvis. Vol XI.1-XI.22. NIH publication no. 932789 ed. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, 1993.
24. Parkin DM, Pisani P, Ferlay J. Estimates of the worldwide incidence of eighteen major cancers in 1985. Int J Cancer 1993;54:594-606.
25. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin 2007;57:43-66.
26. Bryant D, Scheinfeld A, Russo P, et al. Conventional renal cell carcinomas: a clinicopathologic study of 183 cases from 1991 to 1994. Mod Pathol 1998;11:77A.
27. Lee CT, Katz J, Shi W, et al. Surgical management of renal tumors 4 cm. or less in a contemporary cohort. J Urol 2000;163:730-736.
28. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P, et al. Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2007;356:115-124.
29. Al-Ahmadie HA, Qin L-X, Olgac S, et al. Carbonic anhydrase IX expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study comparing two antibodies. Am J Surg Pathol 2008;32:377-382.
30. Tickoo SK, Alden D, Olgac S, et al. Immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha and its downstream molecules in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2007;177:1258-1263.
31. Tu JJ CY-T, Hyjek E, Tickoo SK. Carbonic anhydrase IX as a highly sensitive and specific marker of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a comparative immunohistochemical study using a panel of commonly utilized antibodies in the differential diagnosis of renal cell tumors. Mod Pathol 2005;18:169A.
32. Mellemgaard A, Lindblad P, Schlehofer B, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. III. Role of weight, height, physical activity, and use of amphetamines. Int J Cancer 1995;60:350-354.
33. Mandel JS, McLaughlin JK, Schlehofer B, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. IV. Occupation. Int J Cancer 1995;61:601-605.
34. Wolk A, Gridley G, Niwa S, et al. International renal cell cancer study. VII. Role of diet. Int J Cancer 1996;65:67-73.
35. McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS, Blot WJ, et al. A population-based case-control study of renal cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984;72:275-284.
36. Yu MC, Mack TM, Hanisch R, et al. Cigarette smoking, obesity, diuretic use, and coffee consumption as risk factors for renal cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1986;77:351-356.
37. Wolk A, Lindblad P, Adami HO. Nutrition and renal cell cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1996;7:5-18.
38. Lindblad P, Mellemgaard A, Schlehofer B, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. V. Reproductive factors, gynecologic operations and exogenous hormones. Int J Cancer 1995;61:192-198.
39. Mellemgaard A, Engholm G, McLaughlin JK, et al. Risk factors for renal-cell carcinoma in Denmark. III. Role of weight, physical activity and reproductive factors. Int J Cancer 1994;56:66-71.
40. Delahunt B, Bethwaite PB, Nacey JN. Occupational risk for renal cell carcinoma. A case-control study based on the New Zealand Cancer Registry. Br J Urol 1995;75:578-582.
41. Bugert P, Kovacs G. Molecular differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinomas by microsatellite analysis. Am J Pathol 1996;149:2081-2088.
42. Steiner G, Sidransky D. Molecular differential diagnosis of renal carcinoma: from microscopes to microsatellites. Am J Pathol 1996;149:1791-1795.
43. Wagner JR, Linehan WM. Molecular genetics of renal cell carcinoma. Semin Urol Oncol 1996;14:244-249.
44. Richards FM, Payne SJ, Zbar B, et al. Molecular analysis of de novo germline mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau disease gene. Hum Mol Genet 1995;4:2139-2143.
45. Poston CD, Jaffe GS, Lubensky IA, et al. Characterization of the renal pathology of a familial form of renal cell carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease: clinical and molecular genetic implications. J Urol1995;153:22-26.
46. Linehan WM, Lerman MI, Zbar B. Identification of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. Its role in renal cancer. JAMA 1995;273:564-570.
47. Suzuki H, Ueda T, Komiya A, et al. Mutational state of von Hippel-Lindau and adenomatous polyposis coli genes in renal tumors. Oncology 1997;54:252-257.
48. Zbar B, Tory K, Merino M, et al. Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 1994;151:561-566.
49. Zbar B, Glenn G, Lubensky I, et al. Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma: clinical studies in 10 families. J Urol 1995;153:907-912.
50. King CR, Schimke RN, Arthur T, et al. Proximal 3p deletion in renal cell carcinoma cells from a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1987;27:345-348.
51. Jordan DK, Patil SR, Divelbiss JE, et al. Cytogenetic abnormalities in tumors of patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1989;42:227-241.
52. Goodman MD, Goodman BK, Lubin MB, et al. Cytogenetic characterization of renal cell carcinoma in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Cancer 1990;65:1150-1154.
53. Linehan WM, Pinto PA, Srinivasan R, et al. Identification of the genes for kidney cancer: opportunity for disease-specific targeted therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:671s-679s.
54. Linehan WM, Vasselli J, Srinivasan R, et al. Genetic basis of cancer of the kidney: diseasespecific approaches to therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:6282S-6289S.
55. Bodmer D, van den Hurk W, van Groningen JJ, et al. Understanding familial and nonfamilial renal cell cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2002;11:2489-2498.
56. Takahashi M, Kahnoski R, Gross D, et al. Familial adult renal neoplasia. J Med Genet 2002; 39:1-5.
57. Schmidt L, Duh FM, Chen F, et al. Germline and somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the MET proto-oncogene in papillary renal carcinomas. Nat Genet 1997;16:68-73.
58. Merino MJ, Torres-Cabala C, Pinto P, et al. The morphologic spectrum of kidney tumors in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:1578-1585.
59. Zbar B, Alvord WG, Glenn G, et al. Risk of renal and colonic neoplasms and spontaneous pneumothorax in the Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:393-400.
60. Khoo SK, Giraud S, Kahnoski K, et al. Clinical and genetic studies of Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. J Med Genet 2002;39:906-912.
61. Pavlovich CP, Walther MM, Eyler RA, et al. Renal tumors in the Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:1542-1552.
62. Teh BT, Blennow E, Giraud S, et al. Bilateral multiple renal oncocytomas and cysts associated with a constitutional translocation (8;9)(q24.1;q34.3) and a rare constitutional VHL missense substitution. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1998;21:260-264.
63. Fuhrman SA, Lasky LC, Limas C. Prognostic significance of morphologic parameters in renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1982;6:655-663.
64. Schouman M, Warter A, Ross M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma. Statistical study of survival based on pathological criteria. World J Urol 1984;2:109-113.
65. Medeiros LJ, Jones EC, Aizawa S, et al. Grading of renal cell carcinoma: Workgroup No. 2. Union Internationale Contre le Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer 1997;80:990-991.
66. Goldstein NS. The current state of renal cell carcinoma grading. Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer 1997;80:977-980.
67. Lanigan D, Conroy R, Barry-Walsh C, et al. A comparative analysis of grading systems in renal adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 1994;24:473-476.
68. Storkel S, Thoenes W, Jacobi GH, et al. Prognostic parameters in renal cell carcinoma-a new approach. Eur Urol 1989;16:416-422.
69. Amin MB, Corless CL, Renshaw AA, et al. Papillary (chromophil) renal cell carcinoma: histomorphologic characteristics and evaluation of conventional pathologic prognostic parameters in 62 cases. Am J Surg Pathol1997;21:621-635.
70. Tickoo S, Reuter V. Subtyping papillary renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 103 cases. Mod Pathol 2001;14:124A.
71. Delahunt B, Eble JN, McCredie MR, et al. Morphologic typing of papillary renal cell carcinoma: comparison of growth kinetics and patient survival in 66 cases. Hum Pathol 2001;32:590-595.
72. Delahunt B, Sika-Paotonu D, Bethwaite PB, et al. Fuhrman grading is not appropriate for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:957-960.
73. Robson CJ, Churchill BM, Anderson W. The results of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 1969;101:297-301.
74. Beahrs OH, Henson DE, Hutter RV, et al. Handbook for Staging of Cancer. 4th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1993.
75. Green F, Page D, Fleming I, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th edition. New York, NY: Springer, 2002.
76. Crotty TB, Farrow GM, Lieber MM. Chromophobe cell renal carcinoma: clinicopathological features of 50 cases. J Urol 1995;154:964-967.
77. Guinan P, Sobin LH, Algaba F, et al. TNM staging of renal cell carcinoma: Workgroup No. 3. Union International Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer 1997;80:992-993.
78. Bonsib SM. The renal sinus is the principal invasive pathway: a prospective study of 100 renal cell carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:1594-1600.
79. Bonsib SM. T2 clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a rare entity: a study of 120 clear cell renal cell carcinomas. J Urol 2005;174:1199-1202.
80. Avery AK, Beckstead J, Renshaw AA, et al. Use of antibodies to RCC and CD10 in the differential diagnosis of renal neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:203-210.
81. McGregor DK, Khurana KK, Cao C, et al. Diagnosing primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the use of the monoclonal antibody 'Renal Cell Carcinoma Marker.' Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:1485-1492.
82. Martignoni G, Pea M, Chilosi M, et al. Parvalbumin is constantly expressed in chromophobe renal carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2001;14:760-767.
83. Mathers ME, Pollock AM, Marsh C, et al. Cytokeratin 7: a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2002;40:563-567.
84. Kuroda N, Guo L, Toi M, et al. Paxillin: application of immunohistochemistry to the diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2001;9:315-318.
85. Kuroda N, Naruse K, Miyazaki E, et al. Vinculin: its possible use as a marker of normal collecting ducts and renal neoplasms with collecting duct system phenotype. Mod Pathol 2000;13:1109-1114.
86. Kuroda N, Inoue K, Guo L, et al. Expression of CD9/motility-related protein 1 (MRP-1) in renal parenchymal neoplasms: consistent expression in papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. Hum Pathol2001;32:1071-1077.
87. Daniel L, Lechevallier E, Giorgi R, et al. Pax-2 expression in adult renal tumors. Hum Pathol 2001;32:282-287.
88. Eyzaguirre EJ, Miettinen M, Norris BA, et al. Different immunohistochemical patterns of Fhit protein expression in renal neoplasms. Mod Pathol 1999;12:979-983.
89. Tickoo SK, Amin MB, Linden MD, et al. Antimitochondrial antibody (113-1) in the differential diagnosis of granular renal cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:922-930.
90. Al-Ahmadie HA, Olgac S, Fine SW, et al. The role of immunohistochemical evaluation of adult renal cortical tumors on core biopsy: an ex-vivo study. Mod Pathol 2007;20:134A.
91. Nordenson I, Ljungberg B, Roos G. Chromosomes in renal carcinoma with reference to intratumor heterogeneity. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1988;32:35-41.
92. Walter TA, Berger CS, Sandberg AA. The cytogenetics of renal tumors. Where do we stand, where do we go? Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1989;43:15-34.
93. Teyssier JR, Ferre D. Chromosomal changes in renal cell carcinoma. No evidence for correlation with clinical stage. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1990;45:197-205.
94. Zbar B. Von Hippel-Lindau disease and sporadic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Surv 1995; 25:219-232.
95. Ritchie AW, Chisholm GD. The natural history of renal carcinoma. Semin Oncol 1983;10: 390-400.
96. Porena M, Vespasiani G, Rosi P, et al. Incidentally detected renal cell carcinoma: role of ultrasonography. J Clin Ultrasound 1992;20:395-400.
97. Konnak JW, Grossman HB. Renal cell carcinoma as an incidental finding. J Urol 1985; 134:1094-1096.
98. Thompson IM, Peek M. Improvement in survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma-the role of the serendipitously detected tumor. J Urol 1988;140:487-490.
99. Lee CT, Katz J, Fearn PA, et al. Mode of presentation of renal cell carcinoma provides prognostic information. Urol Oncol 2002;7:135-140.
100. Tickoo SK, de Peralta-Venturina MN, Harik LR, et al. Spectrum of epithelial neoplasms in end-stage renal disease: an experience from 66 tumor-bearing kidneys with emphasis on histologic patterns distinct from those in sporadic adult renal neoplasia. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:141-153.
101. Sorbellini M, Kattan MW, Snyder ME, et al. A postoperative prognostic nomogram predicting recurrence for patients with conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2005;173:48-51.
102. Sengupta S, Lohse CM, Leibovich BC, et al. Histologic coagulative tumor necrosis as a prognostic indicator of renal cell carcinoma aggressiveness. Cancer 2005;104:511-520.
103. Tollefson MK, Thompson RH, Sheinin Y, et al. Ki-67 and coagulative tumor necrosis are independent predictors of poor outcome for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and not surrogates for each other. Cancer2007;110:783-790.
104. Amin MB, Tamboli P, Javidan J, et al. Prognostic impact of histologic subtyping of adult renal epithelial neoplasms: an experience of 405 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:281-291.
105. Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Zincke H, et al. Comparisons of outcome and prognostic features among histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:612-624.
106. Eble JN, Bonsib SM. Extensively cystic renal neoplasms: cystic nephroma, cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma, multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma, and cystic hamartoma of renal pelvis. Semin Diagn Pathol 1998;15:2-20.
107. Murad T, Komaiko W, Oyasu R, et al. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1991;95:633-637.
108. Taxy JB, Marshall FF. Multilocular renal cysts in adults. Possible relationship to renal adenocarcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1983;107:633-637.
109. Tamura Y, Okamura K, Ogura H, et al. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a report of 2 cases. Hinyokika Kiyo 1990;36:437-441.
110. Sakurai M, Sugimura Y, Satani H, et al. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a report of two cases. Hinyokika Kiyo 1993;39:45-49.
111. Nassir A, Jollimore J, Gupta R, et al. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a series of 12 cases and review of the literature. Urology 2002;60:421-427.
112. Suzigan S, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, et al. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a report of 45 cases of a kidney tumor of low malignant potential. Am J Clin Pathol 2006;125:217-222.
113. Gong K, Zhang N, He Z, et al. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: an experience of clinical management for 31 cases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008;134:433-437.
114. Henn W, Zwergel T, Wullich B, et al. Bilateral multicentric papillary renal tumors with heteroclonal origin based on tissue-specific karyotype instability. Cancer 1993;72: 1315-1318.
115. Kovacs G. Papillary renal cell carcinoma. A morphologic and cytogenetic study of 11 cases. Am J Pathol 1989;134:27-34.
116. Mancilla-Jimenez R, Stanley RJ, Blath RA. Papillary renal cell carcinoma: a clinical, radiologic, and pathologic study of 34 cases. Cancer 1976;38:2469-2480.
117. Skinner DG, Colvin RB, Vermillion CD, et al. Diagnosis and management of renal cell carcinoma. A clinical and pathologic study of 309 cases. Cancer 1971;28:1165-1177.
118. Ishikawa I, Shikura N, Ozaki M. Papillary renal cell carcinoma with numeric changes of chromosomes in a long-term hemodialysis patient: a karyotype analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1993;21:553-556.
119. de Jong B, Molenaar IM, Leeuw JA, et al. Cytogenetics of a renal adenocarcinoma in a 2-year-old child. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1986;21:165-169.
120. Shipley JM, Birdsall S, Clark J, et al. Mapping the X chromosome breakpoint in two papillary renal cell carcinoma cell lines with a t(X;1)(p11.2;q21.2) and the first report of a female case. Cytogenet Cell Genet1995;71:280-284.
121. Sidhar SK, Clark J, Gill S, et al. The t(X;1)(p11.2;q21.2) translocation in papillary renal cell carcinoma fuses a novel gene PRCC to the TFE3 transcription factor gene. Hum Mol Genet 1996;5:1333-1338.
122. Weterman MA, van Groningen JJ, den Hartog A, et al. Transformation capacities of the papillary renal cell carcinoma-associated PRCCTFE3 and TFE3PRCC fusion genes. Oncogene 2001;20:1414-1424.
123. Weterman MA, van Groningen JJ, Tertoolen L, et al. Impairment of MAD2B-PRCC interaction in mitotic checkpoint defective t(X;1)-positive renal cell carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:13808-13813.
124. Ladanyi M, Lui MY, Antonescu CR, et al. The der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25) of human alveolar soft part sarcoma fuses the TFE3 transcription factor gene to ASPL, a novel gene at 17q25. Oncogene 2001;20:48-57.
125. Argani P, Antonescu CR, Illei PB, et al. Primary renal neoplasms with the ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion of alveolar soft part sarcoma: a distinctive tumor entity previously included among renal cell carcinomas of children and adolescents. Am J Pathol 2001;159:179-192.
126. Schmidt L, Junker K, Nakaigawa N, et al. Novel mutations of the MET proto-oncogene in papillary renal carcinomas. Oncogene 1999;18:2343-2350.
127. el-Naggar AK, Ro JY, Ensign LG. Papillary renal cell carcinoma: clinical implication of DNA content analysis. Hum Pathol 1993;24:316-321.
128. Renshaw AA, Zhang H, Corless CL, et al. Solid variants of papillary (chromophil) renal cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic and genetic features. Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:1203-1209.
129. Delahunt B, Eble JN. Papillary renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 105 tumors. Mod Pathol 1997;10:537-544.
130. Jiang F, Richter J, Schraml P, et al. Chromosomal imbalances in papillary renal cell carcinoma: genetic differences between histological subtypes. Am J Pathol 1998;153:1467-1473.
131. Renshaw AA, Corless CL. Papillary renal cell carcinoma. Histology and immunohistochemistry. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:842-849.
132. Lager DJ, Huston BJ, Timmerman TG, et al. Papillary renal tumors. Morphologic, cytochemical, and genotypic features. Cancer 1995;76:669-673.
133. Sanders ME, Mick R, Tomaszewski JE, et al. Unique patterns of allelic imbalance distinguish type 1 from type 2 sporadic papillary renal cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol 2002;161:997-1005.
134. Sika-Paotonu D, Bethwaite PB, McCredie MR, et al. Nucleolar grade but not Fuhrman grade is applicable to papillary renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:1091-1096.
135. Argani P. The evolving story of renal translocation carcinomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2006;126:332-334.
136. Argani P, Lae M, Ballard ET, et al. Translocation carcinomas of the kidney after chemotherapy in childhood. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1529-1534.
137. Argani P, Lae M, Hutchinson B, et al. Renal carcinomas with the t(6;11)(p21;q12): clinicopathologic features and demonstration of the specific alpha-TFEB gene fusion by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and DNA PCR. Am J Surg Pathol 2005;29:230-240.
138. Thoenes W, Storkel S, Rumpelt HJ. Human chromophobe cell renal carcinoma. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1985;48:207-217.
139. Thoenes W, Storkel S, Rumpelt HJ, et al. Chromophobe cell renal carcinoma and its variants-a report on 32 cases. J Pathol 1988;155:277-287.
140. Akhtar M, Kardar H, Linjawi T, et al. Chromophobe cell carcinoma of the kidney. A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:1245-1256.
141. Cochand-Priollet B, Molinie V, Bougaran J, et al. Renal chromophobe cell carcinoma and oncocytoma. A comparative morphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study of 124 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med1997;121:1081-1086.
142. DeLong WH, Sakr W, Grignon DG. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. A comparative histochemical and immunohistochemical study. J Urol Pathol 1996;4:1-8.
143. Renshaw AA, Henske EP, Loughlin KR, et al. Aggressive variants of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 1996;78:1756-1761.
144. Bonsib SM, Lager DJ. Chromophobe cell carcinoma: analysis of five cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1990;14:260-267.
145. Bugert P, Gaul C, Weber K, et al. Specific genetic changes of diagnostic importance in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. Lab Invest 1997;76:203-208.
146. Schwerdtle RF, Storkel S, Neuhaus C, et al. Allelic losses at chromosomes 1p, 2p, 6p, 10p, 13q, 17p, and 21q significantly correlate with the chromophobe subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 1996;56:2927-2930.
147. Kovacs A, Kovacs G. Low chromosome number in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1992;4:267-268.
148. Akhtar M, Al-Sohaibani MO, Haleem A, et al. Flow cytometric DNA analysis of chromophobe cell carcinoma of the kidney. J Urol Pathol 1996;4:15-23.
149. Kovacs A, Storkel S, Thoenes W, et al. Mitochondrial and chromosomal DNA alterations in human chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. J Pathol 1992;167:273-277.
150. Akhtar M, Tulbah A, Kardar AH, et al. Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: the chromophobe connection. Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:1188-1195.
151. Tickoo SK, Amin MB, Zarbo RJ. Colloidal iron staining in renal epithelial neoplasms, including chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: emphasis on technique and patterns of staining. Am J Surg Pathol 1998;22:419-424.
152. Storkel S, Steart PV, Drenckhahn D, et al. The human chromophobe cell renal carcinoma: its probable relation to intercalated cells of the collecting duct. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1989;56:237-245.
153. Bonsib S. Renal chromophobe cell carcinoma. The relationship between cytoplasmic vesicles and colloidal iron stain. J Urol Pathol 1996;4:9-14.
154. Thoenes W, Baum HP, Storkel S, et al. Cytoplasmic microvesicles in chromophobe cell renal carcinoma demonstrated by freeze fracture. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1987;54:127-130.
155. Bonsib SM, Bray C, Timmerman TG. Renal chromophobe cell carcinoma: limitations of paraffin-embedded tissue. Ultrastruct Pathol 1993;17:529-536.
156. Gerharz CD, Moll R, Storkel S, et al. Ultrastructural appearance and cytoskeletal architecture of the clear, chromophilic, and chromophobe types of human renal cell carcinoma in vitro. Am J Pathol 1993;142:851-859.
157. Tickoo SK, Lee MW, Eble JN, et al. Ultrastructural observations on mitochondria and microvesicles in renal oncocytoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, and eosinophilic variant of conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:1247-1256.
158. Erlandson RA, Shek TW, Reuter VE. Diagnostic significance of mitochondria in four types of renal epithelial neoplasms: an ultrastructural study of 60 tumors. Ultrastruct Pathol 1997;21:409-417.
159. Motzer RJ, Bacik J, Mariani T, et al. Treatment outcome and survival associated with metastatic renal cell carcinoma of non-clear-cell histology. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:2376-2381.
160. Zippel L. Zur kenntnis der onkocytonen. Virchows Arch [A] Pathol Anat 1942;308:360-382.
161. Klein MJ, Valensi QJ. Proximal tubular adenomas of kidney with so-called oncocytic features. A clinicopathologic study of 13 cases of a rarely reported neoplasm. Cancer 1976;38:906-914.
162. Frydenberg M, Eckstein RP, Saalfield JA, et al. Renal oncocytomas-an Australian experience. Br J Urol 1991;67:352-357.
163. Amin MB, Crotty TB, Tickoo SK, et al. Renal oncocytoma: a reappraisal of morphologic features with clinicopathologic findings in 80 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:1-12.
164. Lieber MM, Tomera KM, Farrow GM. Renal oncocytoma. J Urol 1981;125:481-485.
165. Perez-Ordonez B, Hamed G, Campbell S, et al. Renal oncocytoma: a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:871-883.
166. Crotty TB, Lawrence KM, Moertel CA, et al. Cytogenetic analysis of six renal oncocytomas and a chromophobe cell renal carcinoma. Evidence that -Y, -1 may be a characteristic anomaly in renal oncocytomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1992;61:61-66.
167. Fuzesi L, Gunawan B, Braun S, et al. Renal oncocytoma with a translocation t(9;11)(p23;q13). J Urol 1994;152:471-472.
168. Neuhaus C, Dijkhuizen T, van den Berg E, et al. Involvement of the chromosomal region 11q13 in renal oncocytoma: case report and literature review. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997;94:95-98.
169. Walter TA, Pennington RD, Decker HJ, et al. Translocation t(9;11)(p23;q12): a primary chromosomal change in renal oncocytoma. J Urol 1989;142:117-119.
170. van den Berg E, Dijkhuizen T, Storkel S, et al. Chromosomal changes in renal oncocytomas. Evidence that t(5;11)(q35;q13) may characterize a second subgroup of oncocytomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1995;79:164-168.
171. Weirich G, Glenn G, Junker K, et al. Familial renal oncocytoma: clinicopathological study of 5 families. J Urol 1998;160:335-340.
172. Davis CJ, Jr., Mostofi FK, Sesterhenn I, et al. Renal oncocytoma. Clinicopathological study of 166 patients. J Urogen Pathol 1991;1:41-52.
173. Tickoo SK, Reuter VE, Amin MB, et al. Renal oncocytosis: a morphologic study of fourteen cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1999;23:1094-1101.
174. Martignoni G, Pea M, Bonetti F, et al. Oncocytoma-like angiomyolipoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 2 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002;126:610-612.
175. Fleming S, Lewi HJ. Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. Histopathology 1986;10:1131-1141.
176. Kennedy SM, Merino MJ, Linehan WM, et al. Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. Hum Pathol 1990;21:449-456.
177. Amin MB, Varma MD, Tickoo SK, et al. Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. Adv Anat Pathol 1997;4:85-94.
178. Srigley JR, Eble JN. Collecting duct carcinoma of kidney. Semin Diagn Pathol 1998;15:54-67.
179. Rumpelt HJ, Storkel S, Moll R, et al. Bellini duct carcinoma: further evidence for this rare variant of renal cell carcinoma. Histopathology 1991;18:115-122.
180. Dimopoulos MA, Logothetis CJ, Markowitz A, et al. Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. Br J Urol 1993;71:388-391.
181. Tokuda N, Naito S, Matsuzaki O, et al. Collecting duct (Bellini duct) renal cell carcinoma: a nationwide survey in Japan. J Urol 2006;176:40-43.
182. Polascik TJ, Cairns P, Epstein JI, et al. Distal nephron renal tumors: microsatellite allelotype. Cancer Res 1996;56:1892-1895.
183. Schoenberg M, Cairns P, Brooks JD, et al. Frequent loss of chromosome arms 8p and 13q in collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995;12:76-80.
184. Steiner G, Cairns P, Polascik TJ, et al. High-density mapping of chromosomal arm 1q in renal collecting duct carcinoma: region of minimal deletion at 1q32.1-32.2. Cancer Res 1996;56:5044-5046.
185. Gregori-Romero MA, Morell-Quadreny L, Llombart-Bosch A. Cytogenetic analysis of three primary Bellini duct carcinomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1996;15:170-172.
186. Fuzesi L, Cober M, Mittermayer C. Collecting duct carcinoma: cytogenetic characterization. Histopathology 1992;21:155-160.
187. Baer SC, Ro JY, Ordonez NG, et al. Sarcomatoid collecting duct carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of five cases. Hum Pathol 1993;24:1017-1022.
188. MacLennan GT, Farrow GM, Bostwick DG. Low-grade collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: report of 13 cases of low-grade mucinous tubulocystic renal carcinoma of possible collecting duct origin. Urology1997;50:679-684.
189. Azoulay S, Vieillefond A, Paraf F, et al. Tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney: a new entity among renal tumors. Virchows Arch 2007;451:905-909.
190. Amin MB, MacLennan GT, Paraf F, et al. Tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney: clinicopathologic analysis of 29 cases of a distinctive rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Lab Invest 2004;84:137A.
191. Davis CJ, Mostofi FK, Sesterhenn IA. Renal medullary carcinoma. The seventh sickle cell nephropathy. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:1-11.
192. Swartz MA, Karth J, Schneider DT, et al. Renal medullary carcinoma: clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic analysis with pathogenetic implications. Urology 2002;60:1083-1089.
193. Zisman A, Chao DH, Pantuck AJ, et al. Unclassified renal cell carcinoma: clinical features and prognostic impact of a new histological subtype. J Urol 2002;168:950-955.
194. Karakiewicz PI, Hutterer GC, Trinh QD, et al. Unclassified renal cell carcinoma: an analysis of 85 cases. BJU Int 2007;100:802-808.
195. Parwani AV, Husain AN, Epstein JI, et al. Low-grade myxoid renal epithelial neoplasms with distal nephron differentiation. Hum Pathol 2001;32:506-512.
196. Srigley JR, Reuter V, Amin M, et al. Phenotypic, molecular and ultrastructural studies of a novel low grade renal epithelial neoplasm possibly related to the loop of Henle. Mod Pathol 2002;12:182A.
197. Fine SW, Argani P, DeMarzo AM, et al. Expanding the histologic spectrum of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:1554-1560.
198. Paner GP, Srigley JR, Radhakrishnan A, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma of the kidney: significant immunophenotypic overlap warrants diagnostic caution. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:13-19.
199. Shen SS, Ro JY, Tamboli P, et al. Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of kidney is probably a variant of papillary renal cell carcinoma with spindle cell features. Ann Diagn Pathol 2007;11:13-21.
200. Argani P, Netto G, Parwani A. Papillary renal cell carcinoma with low grade spindle cells lining angulated tubules: a mimic of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2008;21(Suppl 1):146A.
201. Sule N, Yakupoglu U, Shen SS, et al. Calcium oxalate deposition in renal cell carcinoma associated with acquired cystic kidney disease: a comprehensive study. Am J Surg Pathol 2005;29:443-451.
202. Argani P, Olgac S, Tickoo SK, et al. Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma in adults: expanded clinical, pathologic, and genetic spectrum. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:1149-1160.
203. Antic T, Perry KT, Harrison K, et al. Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney and cystic nephroma share overlapping features: reappraisal of 15 lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130:80-85.
204. Turbiner J, Amin MB, Humphrey PA, et al. Cystic nephroma and mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of kidney: a detailed clinicopathologic analysis of 34 cases and proposal for renal epithelial and stromal tumor (REST) as a unifying term. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:489-500.
205. Block NL, Grabstald HG, Melamed MR. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (leiomyomatous hamartoma): first adult case. J Urol 1973;110:380-383.
206. Durham JR, Bostwick DG, Farrow GM, et al. Mesoblastic nephroma of adulthood. Report of three cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17:1029-1038.
207. Levin NP, Damjanov I, Depillis VJ. Mesoblastic nephroma in an adult patient: recurrence 21 years after removal of the primary lesion. Cancer 1982;49:573-577.
208. Pawade J, Soosay GN, Delprado W, et al. Cystic hamartoma of the renal pelvis. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17:1169-1175.
209. Prats Lopez J, Palou Redorta J, Morote Robles J, et al. Leiomyomatous renal hamartoma in an adult. Eur Urol 1988;14:80-82.
210. Trillo AA. Adult variant of congenital mesoblastic nephroma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1990;114:533-535.
211. Truong LD, Williams R, Ngo T, et al. Adult mesoblastic nephroma: expansion of the morphologic spectrum and review of literature. Am J Surg Pathol 1998;22:827-839.
212. Tulbah A, Kardar A, Akhtar M. Mesoblastic nephroma in an adult. J Urol Pathol 1997;6:67-73.
213. Pierson CR, Schober MS, Wallis T, et al. Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney lacks the genetic alterations of cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma. Hum Pathol 2001;32:513-520.
214. Antonescu CR, Bisceglia M, Reuter V, et al. Sarcomatous transformation of cystic nephroma in adults. Mod Pathol 1997;10:69A.
215. Argani P, Faria PA, Epstein JI, et al. Primary renal synovial sarcoma: molecular and morphologic delineation of an entity previously included among embryonal sarcomas of the kidney. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:1087-1096.
216. Robertson PW, Klidjian A, Harding LK, et al. Hypertension due to a renin-secreting renal tumour. Am J Med 1967;43:963-976.
217. Kihara I, Kitamura S, Hoshino T, et al. A hitherto unreported vascular tumor of the kidney: a proposal of "juxtaglomerular cell tumor." Acta Pathol Jpn 1968;18:197-206.
218. Kodet R, Taylor M, Vachalova H, et al. Juxtaglomerular cell tumor. An immunohistochemical, electron-microscopic, and in situ hybridization study. Am J Surg Pathol 1994;18:837-842.
219. Squires JP, Ulbright TM, DeSchryver-Kecskemeti K, et al. Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney. Cancer 1984;53:516-523.
220. Tanaka T, Okumura A, Mori H. Juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1993;117:1161-1164.
221. Tetu B, Vaillancourt L, Camilleri JP, et al. Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney: report of two cases with a papillary pattern. Hum Pathol 1993;24:1168-1174.
222. Dunnick NR, Hartman DS, Ford KK, et al. The radiology of juxtaglomerular tumors. Radiology 1983;147:321-326.
223. Baruch D, Corvol P, Alhenc-Gelas F, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of renin-secreting tumors. Report of three cases. Hypertension 1984;6:760-766.
224. More IA, Jackson AM, MacSween RN. Renin-secreting tumor associated with hypertension. Cancer 1974;34:2093-2102.
225. Kim HJ, Kim CH, Choi YJ, et al. Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of kidney with CD34 and CD117 immunoreactivity: report of 5 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130:707-711.
226. Brandal P, Busund LT, Heim S. Chromosome abnormalities in juxtaglomerular cell tumors. Cancer 2005;104:504-510.
227. Romero FR, Rais-Bahrami S, Permpongkosol S, et al. Primary carcinoid tumors of the kidney. J Urol 2006;176:2359-2366.
228. el-Naggar AK, Troncoso P, Ordonez NG. Primary renal carcinoid tumor with molecular abnormality characteristic of conventional renal cell neoplasms. Diagn Mol Pathol 1995;4: 48-53.
229. Goldblum JR, Lloyd RV. Primary renal carcinoid. Case report and literature review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1993;117:855-858.
230. Huettner PC, Bird DJ, Chang YC, et al. Carcinoid tumor of the kidney with morphologic and immunohistochemical profile of a hindgut endocrine tumor: report of a case. Ultrastruct Pathol 1991;15:655-661.
231. Raslan WF, Ro JY, Ordonez NG, et al. Primary carcinoid of the kidney. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of five patients. Cancer 1993;72:2660-2666.
232. Rudrick B, Nguyen GK, Lakey WH. Carcinoid tumor of the renal pelvis: report of a case with positive urine cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 1995;12:360-363.
233. Takeshima Y, Inai K, Yoneda K. Primary carcinoid tumor of the kidney with special reference to its histogenesis. Pathol Int 1996;46:894-900.
234. Unger PD, Russell A, Thung SN, et al. Primary renal carcinoid. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1990;114:68-71.
235. van den Berg E, Gouw AS, Oosterhuis JW, et al. Carcinoid in a horseshoe kidney. Morphology, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetics. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1995;84:95-98.
236. Hansel DE, Epstein JI, Berbescu E, et al. Renal carcinoid tumor: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:1539-1544.
237. Hannah J, Lippe B, Lai-Goldman M, et al. Oncocytic carcinoid of the kidney associated with periodic Cushing's syndrome. Cancer 1988;61:2136-2140.
238. Gleeson MH, Bloom SR, Polak JM, et al. Endocrine tumour in kidney affecting small bowel structure, motility, and absorptive function. Gut 1971;12:773-782.
239. Hamilton I, Reis L, Bilimoria S, et al. A renal vipoma. Br Med J 1980;281:1323-1324.
240. Resnick ME, Unterberger H, McLoughlin PT. Renal carcinoid producing the carcinoid syndrome. Med Times 1966;94:895-896.
241. McDonald EC, Mukai K, Burke BA, et al. Primary carcinoid tumor of the kidney: a light and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical study. J Urol 1983;130:333-335.
242. Acconcia A, Miracco C, Mattei FM, et al. Primary carcinoid tumor of kidney. Light and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical study. Urology 1988;31:517-520.
243. Gaudin PB, Rosai J. Florid vascular proliferation associated with neural and neuroendocrine neoplasms. A diagnostic clue and potential pitfall. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:642-652.
244. Gaudin P, Rosai J. Vascular proliferation: authors' reply [Letter]. Am J Surg Pathol 1996;20:386-387.
245. Kojiro M, Ohishi H, Isobe H. Carcinoid tumor occurring in cystic teratoma of the kidney: a case report. Cancer 1976;38:1636-1640.
246. Fetissof F, Benatre A, Dubois MP, et al. Carcinoid tumor occurring in a teratoid malformation of the kidney. An immunohistochemical study. Cancer 1984;54:2305-2308.
247. Azumi N, Traweek ST, Battifora H. Prostatic acid phosphatase in carcinoid tumors. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot studies. Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15:785-790.
248. Ghazi MR, Brown JS, Warner RS. Carcinoid tumor of kidney. Urology 1979;14:610-612.
249. Stahl RE, Sidhu GS. Primary carcinoid of the kidney: light and electron microscopic study. Cancer 1979;44:1345-1349.
250. Cauley JE, Almagro UA, Jacobs SC. Primary renal carcinoid tumor. Urology 1988;32: 564-566.
251. Capella C, Eusebi V, Rosai J. Primary oat cell carcinoma of the kidney. Am J Surg Pathol 1984;8:855-861.
252. Essenfeld H, Manivel JC, Benedetto P, et al. Small cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis: a clinicopathological, morphological and immunohistochemical study of 2 cases. J Urol 1990;144:344-347.
253. Morgan KG, Banerjee SS, Eyden BP, et al. Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney. Ultrastruct Pathol 1996;20:141-144.
254. Tetu B, Ro JY, Ayala AG, et al. Small cell carcinoma of the kidney. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. Cancer 1987;60:1809-1814.
255. Bezirdjian DR, Tegtmeyer CJ, Leef JL. Intrarenal pheochromocytoma and renal artery stenosis. Urol Radiol 1981;3:121-122.
256. Preger L, Gardner RE, Kawala BO, et al. Intrarenal pheochromocytoma: preoperative angiographic diagnosis. Urology 1976;8:194-196.
257. Rothwell DL, Vorstman B, Patton I, et al. Intrarenal pheochromocytoma. Urology 1983;21:175-177.
258. Simon H, Carlson DH, Hanelin J, et al. Intrarenal pheochromocytoma: report of a case. J Urol 1979;121:805-807.
259. Baumgartner GC, Gaeta J, Wajsman Z, et al. Neuroblastoma presenting as renal cell carcinoma in an adult. Urology 1975;6:376-378.
260. Gohji K, Nakanishi T, Hara I, et al. Two cases of primary neuroblastoma of the kidney in adults. J Urol 1987;137:966-968.
261. Shende A, Wind ES, Lanzkowsky P. Intrarenal neuroblastoma mimicking Wilms' tumor. N Y State J Med 1979;79:93.
262. Chan YF, Llewellyn H. Intrarenal primitive neuroectodermal tumour. Br J Urol 1994;73:326-327.
263. Furman J, Murphy WM, Jelsma PF, et al. Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney. Case report and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol 1996;106:339-344.
264. Grouls V. Primary, primitive (peripheral) neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the kidney. Pathologe 1994;15:246.
265. Gupta NP, Singh BP, Raina V, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal kidney tumor: 2 case reports and review of the literature. J Urol 1995;153:1890-1892.
266. Marley EF, Liapis H, Humphrey PA, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney-another enigma: a pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular diagnostic study. Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:354-359.
267. Quezado M, Benjamin DR, Tsokos M. EWS/FLI-1 fusion transcripts in three peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the kidney. Hum Pathol 1997;28:767-771.
268. Sheaff M, McManus A, Scheimberg I, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:461-468.
269. Takeuchi T, Iwasaki H, Ohjimi Y, et al. Renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor: an immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis. Pathol Int 1996;46:292-297.
270. Parham DM, Roloson GJ, Feely M, et al. Primary malignant neuroepithelial tumors of the kidney: a clinicopathologic analysis of 146 adult and pediatric cases from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group Pathology Center. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:133-146.
271. Jimenez RE, Folpe AL, Lapham RL, et al. Primary Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 11 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:320-327.
272. Fellinger EJ, Garin-Chesa P, Glasser DB, et al. Comparison of cell surface antigen HBA71 (p30/32MIC2), neuron-specific enolase, and vimentin in the immunohistochemical analysis of Ewing's sarcoma of bone. Am J Surg Pathol 1992;16:746-755.
273. Perlman EJ, Dickman PS, Askin FB, et al. Ewing's sarcoma-routine diagnostic utilization of MIC2 analysis: a Pediatric Oncology Group/Children's Cancer Group Intergroup Study. Hum Pathol 1994;25:304-307.
274. Ellison DA, Parham DM, Bridge J, et al. Immunohistochemistry of primary malignant neuroepithelial tumors of the kidney: a potential source of confusion? A study of 30 cases from the National Wilms Tumor Study Pathology Center. Hum Pathol 2007;38:205-211.
275. Riopel M, Dickman PS, Link MP, et al. MIC2 analysis in pediatric lymphomas and leukemias. Hum Pathol 1994;25:396-399.
276. Romero FR, Rais-Bahrami S, Muntener M, et al. Metastatic primitive neuroectodermal tumor to the kidney. Urol Int 2007;78:286-288.
277. Davis CJ, Jr., Barton JH, Sesterhenn IA, et al. Metanephric adenoma. Clinicopathological study of fifty patients. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:1101-1114.
278. Jones EC, Pins M, Dickersin GR, et al. Metanephric adenoma of the kidney. A clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, cytogenetic, and electron microscopic study of seven cases. Am J Surg Pathol1995;19:615-626.
279. Hartman DJ, Maclennan GT. Renal metanephric adenoma. J Urol 2007;178:1058.
280. Hennigar RA, Beckwith JB. Nephrogenic adenofibroma. A novel kidney tumor of young people. Am J Surg Pathol 1992;16:325-334.
281. Yoshioka K, Miyakawa A, Ohno Y, et al. Production of erythropoietin and multiple cytokines by metanephric adenoma results in erythrocytosis. Pathol Int 2007;57:529-536.
282. Bouzourene H, Blaser A, Francke ML, et al. Metanephric adenoma of the kidney: a rare benign tumour of the kidney. Histopathology 1997;31:485-486.
283. Gatalica Z, Grujic S, Kovatich A, et al. Metanephric adenoma: histology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, ultrastructure. Mod Pathol 1996;9:329-333.
284. Nonomura A, Mizukami Y, Hasegawa T, et al. Metanephric adenoma of the kidney: an electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study with quantitative DNA measurement by image analysis. Ultrastruct Pathol1995;19:481-488.
285. Granter SR, Fletcher JA, Renshaw AA. Cytologic and cytogenetic analysis of metanephric adenoma of the kidney: a report of two cases. Am J Clin Pathol 1997;108:544-549.
286. Brown JA, Sebo TJ, Segura JW. Metaphase analysis of metanephric adenoma reveals chromosome Y loss with chromosome 7 and 17 gain. Urology 1996;48:473-475.
287. Brown JA, Anderl KL, Borell TJ, et al. Simultaneous chromosome 7 and 17 gain and sex chromosome loss provide evidence that renal metanephric adenoma is related to papillary renal cell carcinoma. J Urol1997;158:370-374.
288. Brunelli M, Eble JN, Zhang S, et al. Metanephric adenoma lacks the gains of chromosomes 7 and 17 and loss of Y that are typical of papillary renal cell carcinoma and papillary adenoma. Mod Pathol 2003;16:1060-1063.
289. Stumm M, Koch A, Wieacker PF, et al. Partial monosomy 2p as the single chromosomal anomaly in a case of renal metanephric adenoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1999;115:82-85.
290. Argani P. Metanephric neoplasms: the hyperdifferentiated, benign end of the Wilms tumor spectrum? Clin Lab Med 2005;25:379-392.
291. Arroyo MR, Green DM, Perlman EJ, et al. The spectrum of metanephric adenofibroma and related lesions: clinicopathologic study of 25 cases from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group Pathology Center. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:433-444.
292. Olgac S, Hutchinson B, Tickoo SK, et al. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase as a marker in the differential diagnosis of metanephric adenoma. Mod Pathol 2006;19:218-224.
293. Abratt RP, du Preez HM, Kaschula R. Adult Wilms' tumor. Cisplatin and etoposide for relapse after adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 1990;65:890-892.
294. Arrigo S, Beckwith JB, Sharples K, et al. Better survival after combined modality care for adults with Wilms' tumor. A report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study. Cancer 1990;66:827-830.
295. Hentrich MU, Meister P, Brack NG, et al. Adult Wilms' tumor. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Cancer 1995;75:545-551.
296. Williams G, Colbeck RA, Gowing NF. Adult Wilms' tumour: review of 14 patients. Br J Urol 1992;70:230-235.
297. Winter P, Vahlensieck W, Jr., Miersch WD, et al. Wilms' tumour in adults. Review of 10 cases. Int Urol Nephrol 1996;28:469-475.
298. Fletcher JA, Renshaw AA. Isochromosome 7q in adult Wilms' tumor. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1996;86:168-169.
299. Kozman HM, Clarke JM, Little MH, et al. Molecular genetic evidence for common pathogenesis of childhood and adult Wilms' tumor. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1989;38:121-125.
300. Terris B, Flejou JF, Picot R, et al. Hepatic angiomyolipoma. A report of four cases with immunohistochemical and DNA-flow cytometric studies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1996;120:68-72.
301. Guinee DG, Jr., Thornberry DS, Azumi N, et al. Unique pulmonary presentation of an angiomyolipoma. Analysis of clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:476-480.
302. Abdulla M, Bui HX, del Rosario AD, et al. Renal angiomyolipoma. DNA content and immunohistochemical study of classic and multicentric variants. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994;118:735-739.
303. Ansari SJ, Stephenson RA, Mackay B. Angiomyolipoma of the kidney with lymph node involvement. Ultrastruct Pathol 1991;15:531-538.
304. Ro JY, Ayala AG, el-Naggar A, et al. Angiomyolipoma of kidney with lymph node involvement. DNA flow cytometric analysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1990;114:65-67.
305. Fegan JE, Shah HR, Mukunyadzi P, et al. Extrarenal retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma. South Med J 1997;90:59-62.
306. Wang LJ, Lim KE, Wong YC, et al. Giant retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma mimicking liposarcoma. Br J Urol 1997;79:1001-1002.
307. Hruban RH, Bhagavan BS, Epstein JI. Massive retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma. A lesion that may be confused with well-differentiated liposarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1989;92:805-808.
308. Bernstein J, Robbins TO. Renal involvement in tuberous sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991;615:36-49.
309. Stillwell TJ, Gomez MR, Kelalis PP. Renal lesions in tuberous sclerosis. J Urol 1987;138:477-481.
310. van Baal JG, Fleury P, Brummelkamp WH. Tuberous sclerosis and the relation with renal angiomyolipoma. A genetic study on the clinical aspects. Clin Genet 1989;35:167-173.
311. Bonetti F, Pea M, Martignoni G, et al. Clear cell ("sugar") tumor of the lung is a lesion strictly related to angiomyolipoma-the concept of a family of lesions characterized by the presence of the perivascular epithelioid cells (PEC). Pathology 1994;26:230-236.
312. Bonetti F, Chiodera PL, Pea M, et al. Transbronchial biopsy in lymphangiomyomatosis of the lung. HMB45 for diagnosis. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17:1092-1102.
313. Chan JK, Tsang WY, Pau MY, et al. Lymphangiomyomatosis and angiomyolipoma: closely related entities characterized by hamartomatous proliferation of HMB-45-positive smooth muscle. Histopathology1993;22:445-455.
314. Flieder DB, Travis WD. Clear cell "sugar" tumor of the lung: association with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. Am J Surg Pathol1997;21:1242-1247.
315. Bryant DA, Gaudin PB, Hutchinson B, et al. Angiomyolipoma of the kidney: a histologic and immunohistochemical study of 39 cases. Mod Pathol 1998;11:77A.
316. Martignoni G, Pea M, Bonetti F. Renal epithelioid oxyphilic neoplasms (REON): a pleomorphic variant of renal angiomyolipoma. Int J Surg Pathol 1995;2(Suppl):539.
317. Mukai M, Torikata C, Iri H, et al. Crystalloids in angiomyolipoma. 1. A previously unnoticed phenomenon of renal angiomyolipoma occurring at a high frequency. Am J Surg Pathol 1992;16:1-10.
318. Ashfaq R, Weinberg AG, Albores-Saavedra J. Renal angiomyolipomas and HMB-45 reactivity. Cancer 1993;71:3091-3097.
319. Jungbluth AA, Busam KJ, Gerald WL, et al. A103: An anti-melan-a monoclonal antibody for the detection of malignant melanoma in paraffin-embedded tissues. Am J Surg Pathol 1998;22:595-602.
320. Pea M, Bonetti F, Zamboni G, et al. Melanocyte-marker-HMB-45 is regularly expressed in angiomyolipoma of the kidney. Pathology 1991;23:185-188.
321. Yum M, Ganguly A, Donohue JP. Juxtaglomerular cells in renal angiomyolipoma. Ultrastructural observation. Urology 1984;24:283-286.
322. Weeks DA, Malott RL, Arnesen M, et al. Hepatic angiomyolipoma with striated granules and positivity with melanoma-specific antibody (HMB-45): a report of two cases. Ultrastruct Pathol 1991;15:563-571.
323. Azmy AF, Stephenson J, Ziervogel M. Angiomyolipoma causing life-threatening hematuria in a child with tuberous sclerosis. J Pediatr Surg 1989;24:1308-1309.
324. Beh WP, Barnhouse DH, Johnson SH, 3rd, et al. A renal cause for massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage-renal angiomyolipoma. J Urol 1976;116:372-374.
325. O'Donnell M, Fleming S. Angiomyolipoma of kidney-a cause of recurrent retroperitoneal haemorrhage. Br J Urol 1995;76:521-522.
326. Vasko JS, Brockman SK, Bomar R. Renal angiomyolipoma: a rare cause of spontaneous massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Ann Surg 1965;161:577-581.
327. Kalra OP, Verma PP, Kochhar S, et al. Bilateral renal angiomyolipomatosis in tuberous sclerosis presenting with chronic renal failure: case report and review of the literature. Nephron 1994;68:256-258.
328. Neumann HP, Bruggen V, Berger DP, et al. Tuberous sclerosis complex with end-stage renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10:349-353.
329. Farrow GM, Harrison EG Jr, Utz DC, et al. Renal angiomyolipoma. A clinicopathologic study of 32 cases. Cancer 1968;22:564-570.
330. Eble JN, Amin MB, Young RH. Epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the kidney: a report of five cases with a prominent and diagnostically confusing epithelioid smooth muscle component. Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:1123-1130.
331. Ferry JA, Malt RA, Young RH. Renal angiomyolipoma with sarcomatous transformation and pulmonary metastases. Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15:1083-1088.
332. Lowe BA, Brewer J, Houghton DC, et al. Malignant transformation of angiomyolipoma. J Urol 1992;147:1356-1358.
333. Cibas ES, Goss GA, Kulke MH, et al. Malignant epithelioid angiomyolipoma ('sarcoma ex angiomyolipoma') of the kidney: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:121-126.
334. Dineen MK, Venable DD, Misra RP. Pure intrarenal lipoma-report of a case and review of the literature. J Urol 1984;132:104-107.
335. Farrow GM, Harrison EG Jr, Utz DC, et al. Sarcomas and sarcomatoid and mixed malignant tumors of the kidney in adults. I. Cancer 1968;22:545-550.
336. Mayes DC, Fechner RE, Gillenwater JY. Renal liposarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1990;14:268-273.
337. Clinton-Thomas CL. A giant leiomyoma of the kidney. Br J Urol 1956;43:497-501.
338. Fisher KS, van Blerk PJ. Childhood leiomyoma of kidney. Urology 1983;21:74-75.
339. Srinivas V, Sogani PC, Hajdu SI, et al. Sarcomas of the kidney. J Urol 1984;132:13-16.
340. Ng WD, Chan KW, Chan YT. Primary leiomyosarcoma of renal capsule. J Urol 1985;133:834-835.
341. Lerman RJ, Pitcock JA, Stephenson P, et al. Renomedullary interstitial cell tumor (formerly fibroma of renal medulla). Hum Pathol 1972;3:559-568.
342. Mullick T, Hutchins GM. Multiple medullary fibromas of the kidney are associated with systemic hypertension. Mod Pathol 1998;8(Abstr):80A.
343. Fain JS, Eble JN, Nascimento AG, et al. Solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney. J Urol Pathol 1996;4:227-238.
344. Gelb AB, Simmons ML, Weidner N. Solitary fibrous tumor involving the renal capsule. Am J Surg Pathol 1996;20:1288-1295.
345. Ma KF, Tse CH, Tsui MS. Neurilemmoma of kidney-a rare occurrence. Histopathology 1990;17:378-380.
346. Somers WJ, Terpenning B, Lowe FC, et al. Renal parenchymal neurilemoma: a rare and unusual kidney tumor. J Urol 1988;139:109-110.
347. Steers WD, Hodge GB, Johnson DE, et al. Benign retroperitoneal neurilemoma without von Recklinghausen's disease: a rare occurrence. J Urol 1985;133:846-848.
348. Freund ME, Crocker DW, Harrison JH. Neurofibroma arising in a solitary kidney. J Urol 1967;98:318-321.
349. Melamed J, Reuter VE, Erlandson RA, et al. Renal myxoma. A report of two cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 1994;18:187-194.
350. Al-Ahmadie HA, Yilmaz A, Olgac S, et al. Glomus tumor of the kidney: a report of 3 cases involving renal parenchyma and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:585-591.
351. Schofield D, Zaatari GS, Gay BB. Klippel-Trenaunay and Sturge-Weber syndromes with renal hemangioma and double inferior vena cava. J Urol 1986;136:442-445.
352. Wang T, Palazzo JP, Mitchell D, et al. Renal capsular hemangioma. J Urol 1993;149:1122-1123.
353. Anderson C, Knibbs DR, Ludwig ME, et al. Lymphangioma of the kidney: a pathologic entity distinct from solitary multilocular cyst. Hum Pathol 1992;23:465-468.
354. Joost J, Schafer R, Altwein JE. Renal lymphangioma. J Urol 1977;118:22-24.
355. Asa SL, Bedard YC, Buckspan MB, et al. Spontaneous hypoglycemia associated with hemangiopericytoma of the kidney. J Urol 1981;125:864-867.
356. Ordonez NG, Bracken RB, Stroehlein KB. Hemangiopericytoma of kidney. Urology 1982;20:191-195.
357. Grignon DJ, McIsaac GP, Armstrong RF, et al. Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the kidney. A light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study. Cancer 1988; 62:2027-2032.
358. Joseph TJ, Becker DI, Turton AF. Renal malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Urology 1991;37:483-489.
359. Osamura RY, Watanabe K, Yoneyama K, et al. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the renal capsule. Light and electron microscopic study of a rare tumor. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 1978;380:327-334.
360. Takashi M, Murase T, Kato K, et al. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising from the renal capsule: report of a case. Urol Int 1987;42:227-230.
361. Mortensen PH. Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the kidney. Br J Urol 1989;63:101-102.
362. O'Malley FP, Grignon DJ, Shepherd RR, et al. Primary osteosarcoma of the kidney. Report of a case studied by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and DNA flow cytometry. Arch Pathol Lab Med1991;115:1262-1265.
363. Malhotra CM, Doolittle CH, Rodil JV, et al. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the kidney. Cancer 1984;54:2495-2499.
364. Nativ O, Horowitz A, Lindner A, et al. Primary chondrosarcoma of the kidney. J Urol 1985;134:120-121.
365. Mead JH, Herrera GA, Kaufman MF, et al. Case report of a primary cystic sarcoma of the kidney, demonstrating fibrohistiocytic, osteoid, and cartilaginous components (malignant mesenchymoma). Cancer1982;50:2211-2214.
366. Kern SB, Gott L, Faulkner J, 2nd. Occurrence of primary renal angiosarcoma in brothers. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995;119:75-78.
367. Tsuda N, Chowdhury PR, Hayashi T, et al. Primary renal angiosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Pathol Int 1997;47:778-783.
368. Farrow GM, Harrison EG, Jr., Utz DC. Sarcomas and sarcomatoid and mixed malignant tumors of the kidney in adults. II. Cancer 1968;22:551-555.
369. Ferry JA, Harris NL, Papanicolaou N, et al. Lymphoma of the kidney. A report of 11 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19:134-144.
370. Osborne BM, Brenner M, Weitzner S, et al. Malignant lymphoma presenting as a renal mass: four cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1987;11:375-382.
371. Parveen T, Navarro-Roman L, Medeiros LJ, et al. Low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue arising in the kidney. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1993;117:780-783.
372. Salem Y, Pagliaro LC, Manyak MJ. Primary small noncleaved cell lymphoma of kidney. Urology 1993;42:331-335.
373. Tsang K, Kneafsey P, Gill J. Primary lymphoma of the kidney in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994;118:10.
374. Xiao JC, Walz-Mattmuller R, Ruck P, et al. Renal involvement in myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. A study of autopsy cases. Gen Diagn Pathol 1997;142: 147-153.
375. Igel TC, Engen DE, Banks PM, et al. Renal plasmacytoma: Mayo Clinic experience and review of the literature. Urology 1991;37:385-389.
376. Kandel LB, Harrison LH, Woodruff RD, et al. Renal plasmacytoma: a case report and summary of reported cases. J Urol 1984;132:1167-1169.
377. Phillips JK, Bass PS, Majumdar G, et al. Renal failure caused by leukaemic infiltration in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. J Clin Pathol 1993;46:1131-1133.
378. Bagg MD, Wettlaufer JN, Willadsen DS, et al. Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as a diffuse renal mass before hematological manifestations of acute myelogenous leukemia. J Urol 1994;152:2092-2093.