How multiple episodes of exclusive breastfeeding impact estimates of exclusive breastfeeding duration: report from the eight-site MAL-ED birth cohort study

Maternal and Child Nutrition

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 740-756

  Ambikapathi, Ramya ^a,b   Kosek, Margaret N ^b   Lee, Gwenyth O ^b   Mahopo, Cloupas ^c   Patil, Crystal L ^d   Maciel, Bruna L ^e   Turab, Ali ^f   Islam, M Munirul ^g   Ulak, Manjeswori ^h   Bose, Anuradha ⁱ   Paredes Olortegui, Maribel ^j   Pendergast, Laura L ^k   Murray Kolb, Laura E ^l   Lang, Dennis ^a   McCormick, Benjamin J J ^a   Caulfield, Laura E ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VENDA   (South Africa)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^e STATE UNIVERSITY OF CEARÁ   (Brazil)

^f AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^g INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL DISEASE RESEARCH   (Bangladesh)

^h TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY   (Nepal)

ⁱ CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

^j ASOCIACIÓN BENÉFICA PRISMA   (Peru)

^k TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^l PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Bangladesh; Brazil; DHS; duration; exclusive breastfeeding; India; MAL ED; metrics; Nepal; Pakistan; Peru; prevalence; South Africa; Tanzania

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BREAST FEEDING; BREAST FEEDING EDUCATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE DURATION; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MILK; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; SOUTH AFRICA; ADULT; INFANT; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MOTHER; NEWBORN; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICAL MODEL; TIME FACTOR; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; BREAST FEEDING; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LOGISTIC MODELS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MOTHERS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84988625253     PISSN: 17408695     EISSN: 17408709     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12352     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Aarts C., Kylberg E., Hornell A., Hofvander Y., Gebre-Medhin M. & Greiner T. (2000) How exclusive is exclusive breastfeeding? A comparison of data since birth with current status data. International Journal of Epidemiology Oxford University Press 29 (6), 1041–1046. DOI: 10.1093/ije/29.6.1041.
2. Agampodi S.B. & Agampodi T. (2009) Use of exclusive breast feeding definitions; a call for action!. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health 38 (2), 77–78. DOI: 10.4038/sljch.v38i2.688.
3. Agampodi S.B., Agampodi T.C. & de Silva A. (2009) Exclusive breastfeeding in Sri Lanka: problems of interpretation of reported rates. International Breastfeeding Journal BioMed Central Ltd 4 (1), 14. DOI: 10.1186/1746-4358-4-14.
4. Agampodi S.B., Fernando S., Dharmaratne S.D. & Agampodi T.C. (2011) Duration of exclusive breastfeeding; validity of retrospective assessment at nine months of age. BMC Pediatrics BioMed Central Ltd 11 (1), 80. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-80.
5. Ahmed, T., Mahfuz, M., Islam, M. M., Mondal, D., Hossain, M. I., Ahmed, A. S., Tofail, F., Gaffar, S. A., Haque, R., Guerrant, R. L. and Petri, W. A. (2014) The MAL-ED Cohort Study in Mirpur, Bangladesh, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S280–6. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu458.
6. Arifeen S., Black R.E., Antelman G., Baqui A., Caulfield L. & Becker S. (2001) Exclusive breastfeeding reduces acute respiratory infection and diarrhea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums. American Academy of Pediatrics 108 (4), E67–e67. DOI: 10.1542/peds.108.4.e67.
7. Badham J. (2012) Ensuring optimal breastfeeding and improvements in complementary feeding to improve infant and young child nutrition in developing countries. Maternal & Child Nutrition 9 (S1), 1–5. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12003.
8. Bessong, P. O., Nyathi, E., Mahopo, T. C., Netshandama, V. MAL-ED South Africa (2014) Development of the Dzimauli Community in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province of South Africa, for the MAL-ED Cohort Study, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S317–24. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu418.
9. Black R.E., Allen L.H., Bhutta Z.A., Caulfield L.E., de Onis M., Ezzati M. et al. (2008) Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 371 (9608), 243–260. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61690-0.
10. Bland R.M., Rollins N.C., Solarsh G., Van den Broeck J., Coovadia H.M. & Grp C.H. (2003) Maternal recall of exclusive breast feeding duration. Archives of Disease in Childhood 88 (9), 778–783.
11. Bonett D.G. & Price R.M. (2002) Statistical inference for a linear function of medians: confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and sample size requirements. Psychological Methods 7 (3), 370–383. DOI: 10.1037//1082-989X.7.3.370.
12. Cai X., Wardlaw T. & Brown D.W. (2012) Global trends in exclusive breastfeeding. International Breastfeeding Journal 7 (1), 1–1. DOI: 10.1186/1746-4358-7-12.
13. Cattaneo A., Davanzo R. & Ronfani L. (2000) Are data on the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding reliable? The case of Italy. Acta Paediatrica Blackwell Publishing Ltd 89 (1), 88–93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb01194.x.
14. Caulfield, L. E., Bose, A., Chandyo, R. K., Nesamvuni, C., de Moraes, M. L., Turab, A., Patil, C., Mahfuz, M., Ambikapathi, R. and Ahmed, T. (2014) Infant feeding practices, dietary adequacy, and micronutrient status measures in the MAL-ED study, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59(suppl 4), pp. S248–S254. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu421.
15. Cohen R.J., Brown K.H., Rivera L.L. & Dewey K.G. (1999) Promoting exclusive breastfeeding for 4–6 months in Honduras: attitudes of mothers and barriers to compliance. Journal of Human Lactation SAGE Publications 15 (1), 9–18. DOI: 10.1177/089033449901500107.
16. Colin W.B. & Scott J.A. (2002) Breastfeeding: reasons for starting, reasons for stopping and problems along the way. Breastfeeding Review: Professional publication of the Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia 10 (2), 13–19.
17. Dearden K.A., Quan L.N., Do M., Marsh D.R., Pachón H., Schroeder D.G. et al. (2002) Work outside the home is the primary barrier to exclusive breastfeeding in rural Viet Nam: insights from mothers who exclusively breastfed and worked. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 23 (4 Suppl), 101–108.
18. Engebretsen I., Wamani H., Karamagi C., Semiyaga N., Tumwine J. & Tylleskär T. (2007) Low adherence to exclusive breastfeeding in Eastern Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study comparing dietary recall since birth with 24-hour recall. BMC Pediatrics BioMed Central Ltd 7 (1), 10. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-7-10.
19. Flaherman V.J., Chien A.T., McCulloch C.E. & Dudley R.A. (2011) Breastfeeding rates differ significantly by method used: a cause for concern for public health measurement. Breastfeeding Medicine 6 (1), 31–35. DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2010.0021.
20. Gillespie B., d'Arcy H., Schwartz K., Bobo J.K. & Foxman B. (2006) Recall of age of weaning and other breastfeeding variables. International Breastfeeding Journal 1, 4. DOI: 10.1186/1746-4358-1-4.
21. Henkle E., Steinhoff M.C., Omer S.B., Roy E., Arifeen S.E., Raqib R. et al. (2013) The effect of exclusive breast-feeding on respiratory illness in young infants in a maternal immunization trial in Bangladesh. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 32 (5), 431–435. DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318281e34f.
22. Huttly S.R., Barros F.C., Victora C.G., Beria J.U. & Vaughan J.P. (1990) Do mothers overestimate breast feeding duration? An example of recall bias from a study in southern Brazil. American Journal of Epidemiology 132 (3), 572–575.
23. John, S. M., Thomas, R. J., Kaki, S., Sharma, S. L., Ramanujam, K., Raghava, M. V., Koshy, B., Bose, A., Rose, A., Rose, W., Ramachandran, A., Joseph, A. J., Babji, S. and Kang, G. (2014) Establishment of the MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study Site in Vellore, Southern India, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S295–9. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu390.
24. Kakute P.N., Ngum J., Mitchell P., Kroll K.A., Forgwei G.W., Ngwang L.K. et al. (2005) Cultural barriers to exclusive breastfeeding by mothers in a rural area of Cameroon, Africa. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 50 (4), 324–328. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.01.005.
25. Kohler U. & Brzinsky-Fay C. (2005) Stata tip 25: sequence index plots. Stata Journal 5 (4), 601–602.
26. Kramer, M. S. and Kakuma, R. (2012) Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 8, p. CD003517. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003517.pub2.
27. Labbok M. & Krasovec K. (1990) Toward consistency in breastfeeding definitions. Studies in Family Planning 21 (4), 226–230.
28. Lamberti, L. M., Walker, C. L. F., Noiman, A., Victora, C. and Black, R. E. (2011) Breastfeeding and the risk for diarrhea morbidity and mortality, BMC Public Health BioMed Central Ltd, 11(Suppl 3), p. S15. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S15.
29. Lima, A. A. M., Oria, R. B., Soares, A. M., Filho, J. Q., de Sousa, F., Abreu, C. B., Bindá, A., Lima, I., Quetz, J., Moraes, M., Maciel, B., Costa, H., Leite, A. M., Lima, N. L., Mota, F. S., Di Moura, A., Scharf, R., Barrett, L. and Guerrant, R. L. (2014) Geography, population, demography, socioeconomic, anthropometry, and environmental status in the MAL-ED cohort and case–control study sites in Fortaleza, Ceará, brazil, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S287–94. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu438.
30. MAL-ED Network Investigators (2014) The MAL-ED study: a multinational and multidisciplinary approach to understand the relationship between enteric pathogens, malnutrition, gut physiology, physical growth, cognitive development, and immune responses in infants and children up to 2 years of age in resource-poor environments, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S193–206. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu653.
31. Marquis G.S., Habicht J.P., Lanata C.F., Black R.E. & Rasmussen K.M. (1997) Association of breastfeeding and stunting in Peruvian toddlers: an example of reverse causality. International Journal of Epidemiology 26 (2), 349–356.
32. Mduma, E. R., Gratz, J., Patil, C., Matson, K., Dakay, M., Liu, S., Pascal, J., McQuillin, L., Mighay, E., Hinken, E., Ernst, A., Amour, C., Mvungi, R., Bayyo, E., Zakaria, Y., Kivuyo, S., Houpt, E. R. and Svensen, E. (2014) The etiology, risk factors, and interactions of enteric infections and malnutrition and the consequences for child health and development study (MAL-ED): description of the Tanzanian site, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S325–30. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu439.
33. Morrow A.L. & Lutter C.K. (2012) Strategic global approaches to improve breastfeeding rates. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal American Society for Nutrition 3 (6), 829–830. DOI: 10.3945/an.112.002725.
34. Murray-Kolb, L. E., Rasmussen, Z. A., Scharf, R. J., Rasheed, M. A., Svensen, E., Seidman, J. C., Tofail, F., Koshy, B., Shrestha, R., Maphula, A., Vasquez, A. O., da Costa, H. P., Yousafzai, A. K., Oria, R. B., Roshan, R., Bayyo, E. B., Kosek, M., Shrestha, S., Schaefer, B. A., Bessong, P., Ahmed, T., Lang, D. MAL-ED Network Investigators (2014) The MAL-ED cohort study: methods and lessons learned when assessing early child development and caregiving mediators in infants and young children in 8 low- and middle-income countries, Clinical Infectious Diseases Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4 (suppl 4), pp. S261–72. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu437.
35. Otoo G.E., Lartey A.A. & Pérez-Escamilla R. (2009) Perceived incentives and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among periurban Ghanaian women. Journal of Human Lactation SAGE Publications 25 (1), 34–41. DOI: 10.1177/0890334408325072.
36. Patil, C. L., Turab, A., Ambikapathi, R., Nesamvuni, C., Chandyo, R. K., Bose, A., Islam, M. M., Ahmed, A. S., Olortegui, M. P., de Moraes, M. L. and Caulfield, L. E. (2015) Early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding: results from the eight-country MAL-ED study. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 34 (10), pp. 1–10.
37. Pendergast L.L., Scharf R.J., Rasmussen Z.A., Seidman J.C., Schaefer B.A., Svensen E. et al. (2014) Postpartum depressive symptoms across time and place: structural invariance of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire among women from the international, multi-site MAL-ED study. Journal of Affective Disorders 167, 178–186. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.039.
38. Popkin B.M., Adair L., Akin J.S., Black R., Briscoe J. & Flieger W. (1990) Breast-feeding and diarrheal morbidity. Pediatrics 86 (6), 874–882.
39. Psaki S.R., Seidman J.C., Miller M., Gottlieb M., Bhutta Z.A., Ahmed T. et al. (2014) Measuring socioeconomic status in multicountry studies: results from the eight-country MAL-ED study. Population Health Metrics Population Health Metrics 12 (1), 1–11. DOI: 10.1186/1478-7954-12-8.
40. Pullum T.W. (2014) Exclusive breastfeeding: aligning the indicator with the goal. Global Health: Science and Practice 2 (3), 355–356. DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-14-00061.
41. Richard, S. A., Barrett, L. J., Guerrant, R. L., Checkley, W., Miller, M. A., MAL-ED Network Investigators (2014) Disease surveillance methods used in the 8-site MAL-ED cohort study, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S220–4. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu435.
42. Rollins N.C., Bhandari N., Hajeebhoy N., Horton S., Lutter C.K., Martines J.C. et al. (2016) Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices? Lancet 387 (10017), 491–504. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01044-2.
43. Rutstein, S. O. and Rojas, G. (2006) Guide to DHS statistics, Calverton.
44. Senarath U., Siriwardena I., Godakandage S.S.P., Jayawickrama H., Fernando D.N. & Dibley M.J. (2011) Determinants of breastfeeding practices: an analysis of the Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 2006–2007. Maternal & Child Nutrition Blackwell Publishing Ltd 8 (3), 315–329. DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00321.x.
45. Shrestha, P. S., Shrestha, S. K., Bodhidatta, L., Strand, T., Shrestha, B., Shrestha, R., Chandyo, R. K., Ulak, M. and Mason, C. J. (2014) Bhaktapur, Nepal: the MAL-ED birth cohort study in Nepal, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S300–3. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu459.
46. Ssenyonga R., Muwonge R. & Nankya I. (2004) Towards a better understanding of exclusive breastfeeding in the era of HIV/AIDS: a study of prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding from birth, in Rakai, Uganda. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 50 (6), 348–353. DOI: 10.1093/tropej/50.6.348.
47. StataCorp. (2013) Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
48. Turab, A., Soofi, S. B., Ahmed, I., Bhatti, Z., Zaidi, A. K. M. and Bhutta, Z. A. (2014) Demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics of the MAL-ED network study site in rural Pakistan, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S304–9. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu391.
49. Victora C.G., Bahl R., Barros A., França G. & Horton S. (2016) Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. The Lancet 387 (10017), 475–490. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01024-7.
50. World Health Organization (WHO). (2003) Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. World Health Organization: Geneva.
51. World Health Organization (WHO). (2008) Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6–8 November 2007 in Washington DC. Geneva: World Health Organization.
52. World Health Organization (WHO). (2010) Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: part 2 measurement. Geneva: World Health Organization.
53. World Health Organization (WHO). (2014) Global nutrition targets 2025: breastfeeding policy brief (WHO/NMH/NHD/14.7). Geneva: World Health Organization.
54. Yori, P. P., Lee, G., Olortegui, M. P., Chavez, C. B., Flores, J. T., Vasquez, A. O., Burga, R., Pinedo, S. R., Asayag, C. R., Black, R. E., Caulfield, L. E. and Kosek, M. (2014) Santa Clara de Nanay: the MAL-ED cohort in Peru, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 59 Suppl 4(suppl 4), pp. S310–6. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu460.
55. Zohoori N., Popkin B.M. & Fernandez M.E. (1993) Breast-feeding patterns in the Philippines: a prospective analysis. Journal of Biosocial Science 25 (1), 127–138.