The failure of business format franchising in British forecourt retailing: A case study of the rebranding of Shell Retail's forecourts

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management

Volumn 30, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 251-263

  Boyle, Emily ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Brands; Case studies; Franchising; Retailing

Indexed keywords

EID: 84986133124     PISSN: 09590552     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/09590550210426417     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Aaker, D. (1996), Building Strong Brands, Free Press, New York, NY.
2. Abratt, R. (1989), “A new approach to the corporate image management process”, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 63-76.
3. Aylott, R. and Mitchell, V.-W. (1999), “An exploratory study of grocery shopping’’, British Food Journal, Vol. 101 No. 9, pp. 683-700.
4. Balmer, J.M.T. and Wilkinson, A. (1991), “Building societies: change, strategy and corporate identity”, Journal of General Management, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 20-33.
5. Bhat, S., Kelley, G.E. and O’Donnell, K.A. (1998), “An investigation of consumer reactions to the use of different brand names”, Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 41-50.
6. Bickerton, D. (2000), “Corporate reputation versus corporate branding: the realist debate”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 42-8.
7. Binney, M. (1994), “Prime pumps”, Sunday Times Magazine, 11 June.
8. Bracey-Gibbon, J. (1994), “Brighter future for the franchise”, The Times, 24 April.
9. Brown, M. (1992), “Oil in troubled waters”, Management Today, 1976-1991, pp. 38-46.
10. Burke, T. and Shackleton, J.R. (1996), Trouble in Store?, Institute of Economic Affairs, London.
11. Clarke, G. (1997), Buying Your First Franchise, 2nd ed., Kogan Page, London.
12. Connon, H. (1998), “Local shop; small sleepy town. But this is the front line of a retail war”, Observer, 30 August.
13. Connon, H. (2000), “How Shell stopped shelling out”, Observer, 27 February.
14. Cowley, D. (1991), Understanding Brands by Ten People Who Do, Kogan Page, London.
15. Cull, C. (1997), “Nice little earner”, The Grocer, 26 July.
16. Cunningham, S. (1996), “Oil companies seek healthy bite of food retailing market’’, The Times, 9 August.
17. Curran, J. and Stanworth, J. (1983), “Franchising in the modern economy – towards a theoretical understanding”, International Small Business Journal, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 8-23.
18. Dant, R.P. and Nasr, N.I. (1998), “Control techniques and upward flow of information in franchising in distant markets: conceptualisation and preliminary evidence”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 13, pp. 3-28.
19. Davis, J. (1982, “That was the petrol rise that was”, The Times, 2 December.
20. De Chernatony, L. and McDonald, M. (1992), Creating Powerful Brands in Consumer, Service and Industrial Markets, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.
21. Dick, A.S. and Basu, K. (1994), “Customer loyalty: towards an integrated conceptual framework”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 99-113.
22. Dowling, D.R. (1993), “Developing your company image into a corporate asset”, Long Range Planning, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 101-10.
23. Dwek, R. (1992), “Can Shell strike oil as a retailer?”, Marketing, 2 February, pp. 22-4.
24. Dymock, E. (1994), “Filling stations shops boom”, The Sunday Times, 20 November.
25. Eason, K. (1989), “Pump up the profits”, The Times, 21 April.
26. Feldwick, P. (1991), “What is a brand?”, in Cowley, D. (Ed.), Understanding Brands by Ten People Who Do, Kogan Page, London, pp. 21-4.
27. Harvey, M. (2000), “Innovation and competition in UK supermarkets”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 15-21.
28. Hoffman, R.C. and Prebles, J.F. (1993), “Franchising into the twenty first century”, Business Horizons, Vol. 36 No. 6, pp. 35-44.
29. Huxley, J. (1986), “Oil majors strike a nice little earner”, The Sunday Times, 2 March.
30. Keynote Report (1995), Convenience Retailing, Keynote, London.
31. Knowlton, C. (1991), “Shell gets rich by beating risk”, Fortune, pp. 79-81.
32. Knox, S. and Macklan, S. (1998), “Competing on value: bridging the gap between brand and customer value”, Financial Times, Pitman Publishing, London.
33. Krasner, H. (1997), “Pumps out; quids in”, The Grocer, 27 September.
34. Lafontaine, F. and Kaufmann, P.J. (1994), “The evolution of ownership patterns in franchise systems”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 70 No. 2, pp. 97-114.
35. Lafontaine, F. and Shaw, K. (1998), “Franchising growth and franchisor entry and exit in the US market: myth and reality”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 13, pp. 95-113.
36. McVerry, M. (1999), “New fuel crisis”, Belfast Telegraph, 12 May.
37. Mitchell, A. (1994), “Fill the car with five star food please”, The Times, 26 January.
38. Morgan, O. (2000), “West held over a barrel”, Observer, 18 June.
39. Mortished, C. (1999), “Worst result for Shell in a century’’, The Times, 12 February.
40. Nelson, F. (1997), “Shell to shake up its forecourt service”, The Times, 28 August.
41. Olins, W. (1989), Corporate Identity, Thames and Hudson, London.
42. Patten, S. (2000), “Supermarkets the catalyst for food retailing revolution”, The Times, 13 September.
43. Randall, G. (1997), Branding: A Practical Guide to Planning, Organising and Strategy, Kogan Page, London.
44. Rubin, P.H. (1978), “The theory of the firm and the structure of the franchise contract”, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 21, pp. 223-33.
45. Sampson, A. (1975), The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Made, Hodder & Stoughton, London.
46. Sivadas, E. and Baker-Prewitt, J.L. (2000), “An examination of the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and store loyalty”, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 73-82.
47. Stanworth, J. (1993), “Review of Alan Felstead ‘The corporate paradox – power and control in the business franchise”’, International Small Business Journal, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 85-7.
48. Stuart, H. (1999), “Towards a definitive model of the corporate identity management process”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 200-7.
49. (The) Times (1980), “Country petrol stations to go on closing”, The Times, 11 January.
50. (The) Times (1985), “BP may sell canned beer’’, The Times, 10 March.
51. Young, D. (1984), “BP investigates turning petrol sites into supermarkets”, The Times, 24 January.