Evaporation of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion Sunscreen Films

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Volumn 8, Issue 33, 2016, Pages 21201-21213

  Binks, Bernard P ^a   Fletcher, Paul D I ^a   Johnson, Andrew J ^a   Marinopoulos, Ioannis ^a   Crowther, Jonathan M ^b   Thompson, Michael A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

^b GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United Kingdom)

^c GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (United States)

Author keywords

emulsion; evaporation; precipitation; spectrophotometry; SPF; sunscreen

Indexed keywords

DROPS; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ABSORPTION; EMULSIFICATION; EMULSIONS; EVAPORATION; FORWARD SCATTERING; LIGHT ABSORPTION; LIGHT SCATTERING; PARAFFINS; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); SHRINKAGE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SUN HOODS; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY;

EMULSION STRUCTURES; EVAPORATIVE LOSS; OPTICAL MICROGRAPHS; PARTICLE-STABILIZED EMULSIONS; PROPYLENE GLYCOLS; SUN PROTECTION FACTOR; UV ABSORBANCE SPECTRA; WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT;

INTERFACES (MATERIALS);

EID: 84983543537     PISSN: 19448244     EISSN: 19448252     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06310     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Diffey, B. L.; Robson, J. A New Substrate to Measure Sunscreen Protection Factors throughout the Ultraviolet Spectrum J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1989, 40, 127-133
2. Diffey, B. L.; Tanner, P. R.; Matts, P. J.; Nash, F. J. In Vitro Assessment of the Broad-Spectrum Ultraviolet Protection of Sunscreen Products J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2000, 43, 1024-1035 10.1067/mjd.2000.109291
3. Osterwalder, U.; Herzog, B. Sun Protection Factors: World Wide Confusion Br. J. Dermatol. 2009, 161, 13-24 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09506.x
4. Schmalwieser, A. W.; Wallisch, S.; Diffey, B. A Library of Action Spectra for Erythema and Pigmentation Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2012, 11, 251-268 10.1039/C1PP05271C
5. Moyal, D.; Alard, V.; Bertin, C.; Boyer, F.; Brown, M. W.; Kolbe, L.; Matts, P.; Pissavini, M. The Revised COLIPA In Vitro UVA Method Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 2013, 35, 35-40 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00748.x
6. Herzog, B.; Wehrle, M.; Quass, K. Photostability of UV Absorber Systems in Sunscreens Photochem. Photobiol. 2009, 85, 869-878 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00544.x
7. Stanfield, J.; Osterwalder, U.; Herzog, B. In Vitro Measurements of Sunscreen Protection Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2010, 9, 489-494 10.1039/b9pp00181f
8. Shaath, N. A. Ultraviolet Filters Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2010, 9, 464-469 10.1039/b9pp00174c
9. Kockler, J.; Oelgemoller, M.; Robertson, S.; Glass, B. D. Photostability of Sunscreens J. Photochem. Photobiol., C 2012, 13, 91-110 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.12.001
10. Guidance for Industry, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration. Labeling and Effectiveness Testing: Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-The-Counter Human Use-Small Entity Compliance Guide; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Washington, D.C., December 2012.
11. Beyer, D. M.; Faurschou, A.; Philipsen, P. A.; Hoedersdal, M.; Wulf, H. C. Sun Protection Factor Persistence on Human Skin During a Day Without Physical Activity or Ultraviolet Exposure Photodermatol., Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2010, 26, 22-27 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00479.x
12. Binks, B. P.; Brown, J.; Fletcher, P. D. I.; Johnson, A. J.; Marinopoulos, I.; Crowther, J. M.; Thompson, M. A. Evaporation of Sunscreen Films: how the UV Protection Properties Change ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 13270 10.1021/acsami.6b02696
13. Aranberri, I.; Beverley, K. J.; Binks, B. P.; Clint, J. H.; Fletcher, P. D. I. How do Emulsion Drops Evaporate? Langmuir 2002, 18, 3471-3475 10.1021/la0115942
14. Aranberri, I.; Binks, B. P.; Clint, J. H.; Fletcher, P. D. I. Retardation of Oil Drop Evaporation from Oil-in-Water Emulsions Chem. Commun. 2003, 2538-2539 10.1039/b307917a
15. Aranberri, I.; Binks, B. P.; Clint, J. H.; Fletcher, P. D. I. Evaporation Rates of Water from Concentrated Oil-in-Water Emulsions Langmuir 2004, 20, 2069-2074 10.1021/la035031x
16. Binks, B. P.; Fletcher, P. D. I.; Holt, B. L.; Beaussoubre, P.; Wong, K. Selective Retardation of Perfume Oil Evaporation from Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by either Surfactant or Nanoparticles Langmuir 2010, 26, 18024-18030 10.1021/la103700g
17. Dunstan, T. S.; Fletcher, P. D. I.; Mashinchi, S. High Internal Phase Emulsions: Catastrophic Phase Inversion, Stability and Triggered-Destabilization Langmuir 2012, 28, 339-349 10.1021/la204104m
18. Binks, B. P.; Fletcher, P. D. I.; Thompson, M. A.; Elliott, R. P. Effect of Added Diols (Glycols) on the Emulsion Properties of Oil, Water and Surfactant Mixtures Colloids Surf., A 2011, 390, 67-73 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.09.005
19. Bohren, C. F.; Huffman, D. R. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004.
20. Herzog, B.; Sengün, F. Scattering Particles Increase Absorbance of Dyes-a Model Study with Relevance for Sunscreens Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2015, 14, 2054-2063 10.1039/C5PP00109A
21. O'Neill, J. J. Effect of Film Irregularities on Sunscreen Efficacy J. Pharm. Sci. 1984, 73, 888-891 10.1002/jps.2600730707
22. Ferrero, L.; Pissavini, M.; Marguerie, S.; Zastrow, L. Efficiency of a Continuous Height Distribution Model of Sunscreen Film Geometry to Predict a Realistic Sun Protection Factor J. Cosmet. Sci. 2003, 54, 463-481
23. Herzog, B.; Mongiat, S.; Quass, K.; Deshayes, C. Prediction of Sun Protection Factors and UVA Parameters of Sunscreen by Using a Calibrated Step Film Model J. Pharm. Sci. 2004, 93, 1780-1795 10.1002/jps.20089
24. Ferrero, L.; Pissavini, M.; Doucet, O. How a Calculated Model of Sunscreen Film Geometry can Explain In Vitro and In Vivo SPF Variation Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2010, 9, 540-551 10.1039/b9pp00183b
25. Atkin, S. L.; Barrier, S.; Cui, Z.-G.; Fletcher, P. D. I.; Mackenzie, G.; Panel, V.; Sol, V.; Zhang, X. UV and Visible Light Screening by Individual Sporopollenin Exines Derived from Lycopodium Clavatum (Club Moss) and Ambrosia Trifida (Giant Ragweed) J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 2011, 102, 209-217 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.12.005
26. Herzog, B.; Osterwalder, U. Simulation of Sunscreen Performance Pure Appl. Chem. 2015, 87, 937-951 10.1515/pac-2015-0401
27. MiePlot, version 4.5.01; downloaded from http://www.philiplaven.com/mieplot.htm.
28. George, J.; Sastry, N. V. Densities, Dynamic Viscosities, Speeds of Sound and Relative Permittivities for Water + Alkanediols at Different Temperatures J. Chem. Eng. Data 2003, 48, 1529-1539 10.1021/je0340755
29. Stull, D. R. Vapor Pressures of Pure Substances. Organic Compounds Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 517-540 10.1021/ie50448a022
30. Fontao, M. J.; Iglesias, M. Effect of Temperature on the Refractive Index of Aliphatic Hydroxylic Mixtures Int. J. Thermophys. 2002, 23, 513-527 10.1023/A:1015113604024
31. Schmidt, K. A. G.; Pagnutti, D.; Curran, M. D.; Singh, A.; Trusler, J.P. M.; Maitland, G. C.; McBride-Wright, M. New Experimental Data and Reference Models for the Viscosity and Density of Squalane J. Chem. Eng. Data 2015, 60, 137-150 10.1021/je5008789
32. VonNiederhausern, D. M.; Wilson, G. M.; Giles, N. F. Critical Point and Vapor Pressure Measurements at High Temperatures by Means of a New Apparatus with Ultralow Residence Times J. Chem. Eng. Data 2000, 45, 157-160 10.1021/je990232h
33. Dubey, G. P.; Tripathi, N.; Bhatia, S. C. Refractive Index of Ternary Liquid Systems of Squalane (+ Hexane + Benzene; + Cyclohexane + Benzene and + Hexane + Cyclohexane) Ind. J. Pure Appl. Phys. 2005, 43, 175-179
34. Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds; Haas, C. W., Ed.; Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M University: College Station, TX, 1978.
35. McClements, D. J. Theoretical Prediction of Emulsion Color Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2002, 97, 63-89 10.1016/S0001-8686(01)00047-1