Rethinking girls “At-risk”: Gender, race, and class intersections and adolescent development

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 47-64

  Abrams, Laura S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescent development; At risk youth; Culture; Feminist theory; Gender; Social context

Indexed keywords

EID: 84983267442     PISSN: 10911359     EISSN: 15403556     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J137v06n02_04     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Archer, S., 1985. “A feminist approach to identity research”. In Identity in adolescence:Processes and contents, Edited by:Waterman, A. S., San Francisco:Jossey Bass.
2. Berry, E. H., Shillington, A. M., Peak, T., and Hohman, M. M., 2000. Multi-ethnic comparison of risk and protective factors for adolescent pregnancy. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 17(2):76–96.
3. Bowen, G., and Chapman, M. V., 1996. Poverty neighborhood danger, social support, and the individual adaptation among at-risk youth in urban areas. Journal of Family Issues, 17(5):641–666.
4. Bronfenbrenner, U., 1979. The ecology of human development, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University.
5. Brooks-Gunn, J., and Duncan, G. J., 1997. The effects of poverty on children. The Future of Children, 7(2):55–71.
6. Brown, L. M., 1998. Raising their voices:The politics of girls' anger, Cambridge:Harvard University.
7. Brown, L. M., and Gilligan, C., Meeting at the crossroads. New York:Ballantine Books.
8. Coultas, V., 1989. Black girls and self-esteem. Gender and Education, 1(3):283–300.
9. Cowger, C. D., 1994. Assessing client strengths:Clinical assessment for client empowerment. Social Work, 39(3):262–68.
10. Debold, E., Brown, L. M., Weseen, S., and Brookins, G. K., 1999. “Cultivating hardiness zones for adolescent girls:A re-conceptualization of resilience in relationships with caring adults”. In Beyond appearance:A new look at adolescent girls, Edited by:Johnson, N. G., Roberts, M. C., and Worell, J., 181–204. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
11. Edelman, P., and Ladner, J., eds. 1991. Adolescence & poverty:Challenge for the 1990s, Washington, DC:Center for National Policy.
12. Erkut, S., Fields, J. P., Sint, R., and Marx, F., 1996. “Diversity in girls' experiences:Feeling good about who you are”. In Urban girls:Resisting stereotypes, creating identities, Edited by:Leadbeater, B. J., and Way, N., 53–64. New York:New York University.
13. Erikson, E., 1968. Identity:Youth and crisis, New York:W. W. Norton & Co.
14. Erikson, E., 1959. Identity and the life cycle, New York:W. W. Norton & Co.
15. Ferguson, M., and Wicke, J., eds. 1994. Feminism and postmodernism, Durham, NC:Duke University.
16. Fine, M., 1990. Making controversy:Who's “at risk”?. Journal of Cultural Studies, 1(1):55–68.
17. Garbarino, J., 1992. Children and families in the social environment, New York:Adeline Publishing.
18. Garmezy, N., 1993. “Stressors of childhood”. In Stress, coping, and development in children, Edited by:Garmezy, N., and Rutter, R. 43–84. New York:McGraw-Hill.
19. Gibbs, J. T., 1985. City girls:Psychosocial adjustment of urban black adolescent females. Sage, II(2):28–36.
20. Gilgun, J. F., 1996a. Human development and adversity in ecological perspective, Part I:A conceptual framework. Families in Society, 77:395–402.
21. Gilgun, J. F., 1996b. Human development and adversity in ecological perspective, Part 2:Three patterns. Families in Society, 77:459–476.
22. Gilligan, C., 1982. In a different voice:Psychological theory and women's development, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University.
23. Gilligan, C., 1991. “Women's psychological development:Implications for psychotherapy”. In Women, girls, and psychotherapy:Reframing resistance, Edited by:Gilligan, C., Rogers, A., and Tolman, D., 5–32. New York:Haworth.
24. Gilligan, C., Rogers, A. G., and Tolman, D. L., 1991. Women, girls, and psychotherapy:Reframing resistance, New York:Haworth.
25. Goldstein, H., 1990. Strength of pathology:ethical and rhetorical contrasts in approaches to practice. Families in Society, 71(5):267–275.
26. Hill-Collins, P., 1990. Black feminist thought:Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment, Boston:Unwin Hyman.
27. hooks, B., 1981. Ain't I a woman:Black women and feminism, Boston:South End.
28. Jessor, R., 1993. Successful adolescent development among youth in high-risk settings. American Psychologist, 48(2):117–126.
29. Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Williams, B. I., Ross, J. G., Lowry, R., Hill, C. V., Grunbaum, J., Blumson, P S., Collins, J. L., and Kolbe, L. J., 1998. Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 47(No. SS-3):1–89.
30. Ladner, J., 1971. Tomorrow's tomorrow:The black woman, Garden City, NY:Doubleday.
31. Masten, A. S., 1994. “Resilinece in individual development:Succesful adaptation desite risk and adversity”. In Educational resilience in inner-city America:Challenges and prospects, Edited by:Want, M. C., and Gordon, E. W., 3–23. Hillsdale, N.J.:Lawrence Erlbaum.
32. McWhirter, J. J., McWhirter, B. T., McWhirter, A. M., and McWhirter, E. H., 1998. At-risk youth:A comprehensive response, 2nd ed., Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole.
33. Musick, J. S., 1991. “The high stakes of challenges of programs for adolescent mothers”. In Adolescence and poverty:Challenge for the 1990s, Edited by:Edelman, P. B., and Ladner, J., 111–137. Washington, DC:Center for National Policy.
34. Pastor, J., McCormick, J., and Fine, M., 1996. “Makin' homes:An urban girl thing”. In Urban girls:Resisting stereotypes, creating identities, Edited by:Leadbeater, B. J., and Way, N., 15–34. New York:New York University.
35. Patterson, S. J., Sochting, I., and Marcia, J. E., 1992. “The inner space and beyond:Women and identity”. In Adolescent identity formation, Edited by:Adams, G., Gullotta, T. P., and Montemayor, R., Newbury Park:Sage.
36. Phillips, L., 1998. The girls report:What we know and need to know about growing up female, New York:The National Council for Research on Women.
37. Phinney, J. S., 1989. Stages of ethnic identity development in minority group adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 9:34–49.
38. Phinney, J. S., 1990. “Ethnic identity development and psychological adjustment in adolescence”. In Ethnic issues in adolescent mental health, Edited by:Stiffman, A., and Davis, L., 53–72. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
39. Pipher, M., 1994. Reviving Ophelia:Saving the selves of adolescent girls, New York:Ballantine Books.
40. Poe-Yamagata, E. P., and Butts, J. A., 1996. Female offenders in the juvenile justice system, Washington, DC:Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
41. Reid, E., 1989. Black girls talking. Gender and Education, 1(3):295–300.
42. Rich, A., 1984. “Notes toward a politics of location”. In Blood, bread, and poetry, 210–231. New York:Norton.
43. Robinson, T., and Ward, J. V., 1991. “A belief in self far greater than anyone's disbelief:Cultivating resistance among African American female adolescents”. In Women, girls, and psychotherapy:Reframing resistance, Edited by:Gilligan, C., Rogers, A. G., and Tolman, D. L., 87–117. New York:The Haworth Press, Inc.
44. Rutter, M., 1990. “Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms”. In Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology, Edited by:Rolf, J. E., Masten, A. S., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K. H., and Weintraub, S., 181–213. Cambridge:Cambridge University.
45. Schaffner, L., 1998. Female juvenile delinquency:Sexual solutions and gender bias in juvenile justice. Hastings Women's Law Journal, 9(1):1–25.
46. Schoen, C., Davis, K., Scott-Collins, K., Greenberg, L., Des Roches, C., and Abrams, M., 1997. The commonwealth fund survey of the health of adolescent girls, New York:Louis Harris & Associates.
47. Smith, C., 1996. The link between childhood maltreatment and teenage pregnancy. Social Work Research, 20(3):131–141.
48. Smith, C., and Carlson, B. E., 1997. Stress, coping and resilience in children and youth. Social Service Review, 71:231–256.
49. Swadener, B. B., 1995. “Children and families at-promise.”. In Children and families “at promise”:Deconstructing the discourse of risk, Edited by:Swadener, B. B., and Lubeck, S., 17–49. Albany, NY:State University of New York.
50. Taylor, J. M., Gilligan, C., and Sullivan, A., 1995. Between voice and silence:Women and girls, race and relationship, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University.
51. Vartanian, T., 1999. Adolescent neighborhood effects on labor market and economic outcomes. Social Service Review, 73(2):142–167.
52. Ward, J. T., 1991. “Racial identity formation and transformation”. In Making connections:The relational worlds of adolescent girls at Emma Willard High School, Edited by:Gilligan, C., Lyons, N., and Hammer, T., 215–232. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University.
53. Way, N., and Leadbeater, B., eds. 1996. Urban girls:Resisting stereotypes, creating identities, New York:New York University.
54. Werner, E. E., and Smith, R. S., 1992. Overcoming the odds:High-risk children from birth to adulthood, Ithaca, NY:Cornell University.