Safety profile of anakinra in the management of rheumatologic, metabolic and autoinflammatory disorders

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 531-538

  Lopalco, Giuseppe ^a   Rigante, Donato ^b   Giannini, Margherita ^a   Galeazzi, Mauro ^c   Lapadula, Giovanni ^a   Iannone, Florenzo ^a   Cantarini, Luca ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARI   (Italy)

^b FONDAZIONE POLICLINICO UNIVERSITARIO A GEMELLI IRCCS   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SIENA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anakinra; Biologics; Infections; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

CANAKINUMAB; COLCHICINE; CORTICOSTEROID; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; METHOTREXATE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; TACROLIMUS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ANTIBODY; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT;

ADULT ONSET STILL DISEASE; ARTICLE; ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIOSIS; AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASE; BEHCET DISEASE; BRONCHOPNEUMONIA; CELLULITIS; CINCA SYNDROME; DIARRHEA; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ESOPHAGUS CANDIDIASIS; FAMILIAL COLD AUTOINFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER; GASTROENTERITIS; GOUT; HERPES ZOSTER; HISTOPLASMOSIS; HUMAN; HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; HYPOPYON; INNATE IMMUNITY; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; LYMPHADENOPATHY; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION SYNDROME; METABOLIC DISORDER; MEVALONATE KINASE DEFICIENCY; MEVALONIC ACIDURIA; MUCKLE WELLS SYNDROME; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PHARYNGITIS; PNEUMONIA; POSTPRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PYELONEPHRITIS; PYOMYOSITIS; RHEUMATIC DISEASE; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SCHNITZLER SYNDROME; SINUSITIS; SKIN MANIFESTATION; SORE THROAT; STAPHYLOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA; SYNOVIAL FLUID; SYSTEMIC AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASE; SYSTEMIC JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS; TREATMENT DURATION; TUBERCULOSIS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED PERIODIC SYNDROME; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; WOUND INFECTION; ADULT; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLIC DISEASES; RHEUMATIC DISEASES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN-1; METABOLIC DISEASES; RHEUMATIC DISEASES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84982850765     PISSN: 0392856X     EISSN: 1593098X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. DYE C, WATT CJ, BLEED DM, HOSSEINI SM, RAVIGLIONE MC: Evolution of tuberculosis control and prospects for reducing tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and deaths globally. JAMA 2005; 293: 2767-75.
2. GILL WP, HARIK NS, WHIDDON MR, LIAO RP, MITTLER JE, SHERMAN DR: A replication clock for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Med 2009; 15: 211-4.
3. ZUñIGA J, TORRES-GARCíA D, SANTOSMENDOZA T, RODRIGUEZ-REYNA TS, GRANADOS J, YUNIS EJ: Cellular and humoral mechanisms involved in the control of tuberculosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012: 193923.
4. GULER R, PARIHAR SP, SPOHN G, JOHANSEN P, BROMBACHER F, BACHMANN MF: Blocking IL-1a but not IL-1ß increases susceptibility to chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Vaccine 2011; 29: 1339-46.
5. BELLAMY R, RUWENDE C, CORRAH T, Mc-ADAM KP, WHITTLE HC, HILL AV: Assessment of the interleukin-1 gene cluster and other candidate genes polymorphisms in host susceptibility to tuberculosis. Tuber Lung Dis 1998; 79: 83-9.
6. CANTARINI L, LOPALCO G, CASO F et al.: Effectiveness and tuberculosis-related safety profile of interleukin-1 blocking agents in the management of Behçet's disease. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14: 1-9.
7. NACCI F, MATUCCI-CERINIC M: Tuberculosis and other infections in the anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) era. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2011; 25: 375-88.
8. NUKI G, BRESNIHAN B, BEAR MB, McCABE D; European Group Of Clinical Investigators: Long-term safety and maintenance of clinical improvement following treatment with anakinra (recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: extension phase of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 2838-46.
9. SCHIFF MH, DI VITTORIO G, TESSER J et al.: The safety of anakinra in high-risk patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: six-month observations of patients with comorbid conditions. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50: 1752-60.
10. FLEISCHMANN RM, SCHECHTMAN J, BENNETT R et al.: Anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rmetHuIL-1ra), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a large, international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: 927-34.
11. FLEISCHMANN RM, TESSER J, SCHIFF MH et al.: Safety of extended treatment with anakinra in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 1006-12.
12. CAMPION GV, LEBSACK ME, LOOKABAUGH J, GORDON G, CATALANO M: Dose-range and dose-frequency study of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The IL-1Ra Arthritis Study Group. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39: 1092-101.
13. BRESNIHAN B, ALVARO-GRACIA JM, COBBY M et al.: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 2196-204.
14. JIANG Y, GENANT HK, WATT I et al.: A multicenter, double-blind, dose-ranging, randomized, placebo-controlled study of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: radiologic progression and correlation of Genant and Larsen scores. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43: 1001-9.
15. COHEN S, HURD E, CUSH J et al.: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in combination with methotrexate: results of a twenty-four-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 614-24.
16. COHEN SB, MORELAND LW, CUSH JJ et al.: A multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial of anakinra (Kineret), a recombinant interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with background methotrexate. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63: 1062-8.
17. GENOVESE MC, COHEN S, MORELAND L et al.: Combination therapy with etanercept and anakinra in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have been treated unsuccessfully with methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50: 1412-9.
18. BRASSARD P, KEZOUH A, SUISSA S: Antirheumatic drugs and the risk of tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43: 717-22.
19. den BROEDER AA, de JONG E, FRANSSEN MJ, JEURISSEN ME, FLENDRIE M, van den HOOGEN FH: Observational study on efficacy, safety, and drug survival of anakinra in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 760-2.
20. SETTAS LD, TSIMIRIKAS G, VOSVOTEKAS G, TRIANTAFYLLIDOU E, NICOLAIDES P: Reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis during treatment with IL-1 receptor antagonists (anakinra). J Clin Rheumatol 2007; 13: 219-20.
21. MIGKOS MP, SOMARAKIS GA, MARKATSELI TE, MATTHAIOU M, KOSTA P, VOULGARI PV et al.: Tuberculous pyomyositis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with anakinra. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33: 734-6.
22. RIGANTE D: The protean visage of systemic autoinflammatory syndromes: a challenge for inter-professional collaboration. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2010; 14: 1-18.
23. RIGANTE D, LOPALCO G, VITALE A et al.: Untangling the web of systemic autoinflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014: 948154.
24. CANTARINI L, LUCHERINI OM, FREDIANI B et al.: Bridging the gap between the clinician and the patient with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24: 827-36.
25. RIGANTE D, ANSUINI V, CALDARELLI M, BERTONI B, LA TORRACA I, STABILE A: Hydrocephalus in CINCA syndrome treated with anakinra. Childs Nerv Syst 2006; 22: 334-7.
26. GOLDBACH-MANSKY R, DAILEY NJ, CANNA SW et al.: Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease responsive to interleukin-1beta inhibition. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 581-92.
27. NEVEN B, MARVILLET I, TERRADA C et al.: Long-term efficacy of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in ten patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease/ chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62: 258-67.
28. SIBLEY CH, PLASS N, SNOW J et al.: Sustained response and prevention of damage progression in patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease treated with anakinra: a cohort study to determine three-and five-year outcomes. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64: 2375-86.
29. KUEMMERLE-DESCHNER JB, TYRRELL PN, KOETTER I et al.: Efficacy and safety of anakinra therapy in pediatric and adult patients with the autoinflammatory Muckle-Wells syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63: 840-9.
30. RIGANTE D, LA TORRACA I, AVALLONE L, PUGLIESE AL, GASPARI S, STABILE A: The pharmacologic basis of treatment with colchicine in children with familial Mediterranean fever. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2006; 10: 173-8.
31. MEINZER U, QUARTIER P, ALEXANDRA JF, HENTGEN V, RETORNAZ F, KONé-PAUT I: Interleukin-1 targeting drugs in familial Mediterranean fever: a case series and a review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 41: 265-71.
32. KUIJK LM, GOVERS AM, FRENKEL J, HOFHUIS WJ: Effective treatment of a colchicineresistant familial Mediterranean fever patient with anakinra. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66: 1545-6.
33. BELKHIR R, MOULONGUET-DOLERIS L, HACHULLA E, PRINSEAU J, BAGLIN A, HANSLIK T: Treatment of familial Mediterranean fever with anakinra. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146: 825-6.
34. MITROULIS I, PAPADOPOULOS VP, KONSTANTINIDIS T, RITIS K: Anakinra suppresses familial Mediterranean fever crises in a colchicine-resistant patient. Neth J Med 2008; 66: 489-91.
35. CALLIGARIS L, MARCHETTI F, TOMMASINI A, VENTURA A: The efficacy of anakinra in an adolescent with colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever. Eur J Pediatr 2008; 167: 695-6.
36. ROLDAN R, RUIZ AM, MIRANDA MD, COLLANTES E: Anakinra: new therapeutic approach in children with familial Mediterranean fever resistant to colchicine. Joint Bone Spine 2008; 75: 504-5.
37. ALPAY N, SUMNU A, CALISKAN Y, YAZICI H, TüRKMEN A, GüL A: Efficacy of anakinra treatment in a patient with colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32: 3277-9.
38. GATTORNO M, PELAGATTI MA, MEINI A et al.: Persistent efficacy of anakinra in patients with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58: 1516-20.
39. OBICI L, MEINI A, CATTALINI M et al.: Favourable and sustained response to anakinra in tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) with or without AA amyloidosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70: 1511-2.
40. AKSENTIJEVICH I, MASTERS SL, FERGUSON PJ et al.: An autoinflammatory disease with deficiency of the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 2426-37.
41. RIGANTE D, ANSUINI V, BERTONI B et al.: Treatment with anakinra in the hyperimmunoglobulinemia D/periodic fever syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2006; 27: 97-100.
42. CAILLIEZ M, GARAIX F, ROUSSET-ROUVIÈRE C et al.: Anakinra is safe and effective in controlling hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D syndrome-associated febrile crisis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2006; 29: 763.
43. BODAR EJ, KUIJK LM, DRENTH JP et al.: On-demand anakinra treatment is effective in mevalonate kinase deficiency. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70: 2155-8.
44. LIPSKER D: The Schnitzler syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010; 5: 38.
45. de KONING HD, BODAR EJ, van der MEER JW, SIMON A; Schnitzler Syndrome Study Group: Schnitzler syndrome: beyond the case reports: review and follow-up of 94 patients with an emphasis on prognosis and treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2007; 37: 137-48.
46. SIMON A, ASLI B, BRAUN-FALCO M et al.: Schnitzler's syndrome: diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Allergy 2013; 68: 562-8.
47. LAUNAY D, DUTOIT-LEFEVRE V, FAURE E et al.: Effect of in vitro and in vivo anakinra on cytokines production in Schnitzler syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8: e59327.
48. NéEL A, HENRY B, BARBAROT S et al.: Long-term effectiveness and safety of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in Schnitzler's syndrome: a French multicenter study. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13: 1035-41.
49. HATEMI G, YAZICI Y, YAZICI H: Behçet's syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2013; 39: 245-61.
50. CASO F, COSTA L, RIGANTE D et al.: Biological treatments in Behçet's disease: beyond anti-TNF therapy. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014: 107421.
51. COMARMOND C, WECHSLER B, BODAGHI B, CACOUB P, SAADOUN D: Biotherapies in Behçet's disease. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13: 762-9.
52. CANTARINI L, VITALE A, SCALINI P et al.: Anakinra treatment in drug-resistant Behçet's disease: a case series. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34: 1293-301.
53. BILGINER Y, AYAZ NA, OZEN S: Anti-IL-1 treatment for secondary amyloidosis in an adolescent with FMF and Behçet's disease. Clin Rheumatol 2010; 29: 209-10.
54. BOTSIOS C, SFRISO P, FURLAN A, PUNZI L, DINARELLO CA: Resistant Behçet disease responsive to anakinra. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149: 284-6.
55. EMMI G, SILVESTRI E, CAMELI AM et al.: Anakinra for resistant Behçet uveitis: why not? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31 (Suppl. 77): 152.
56. CASO F, RIGANTE D, VITALE A, LUCHERINI OM, CANTARINI L: Efficacy of anakinra in refractory Behçet's disease sacroiliitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2014; 32 (Suppl. 84): S171.
57. EMMI G, TALARICO R, LOPALCO G et al.: Efficacy and safety profile of anti-interleukin-1 treatment in Behçet's disease: a multicenter retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol 2015 [Epub ahead of print].
58. KONTZIAS A, EFTHIMIOU P: Adult-onset Still's disease: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapeutic advances. Drugs 2008; 68: 319-37.
59. GERFAUD-VALENTIN M, JAMILLOUX Y, IWAZ J, SÈVE P: Adult-onset Still's disease. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13: 708-22.
60. KöTTER I, WACKER A, KOCH S et al. Anakinra in patients with treatment-resistant adultonset Still's disease: four case reports with serial cytokine measurements and a review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2007; 37: 189-97.
61. NAUMANN L, FEIST E, NATUSCH A et al.: IL1-receptor antagonist anakinra provides long-lasting efficacy in the treatment of refractory adult-onset Still's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69: 466-7.
62. KALLIOLIAS GD, GEORGIOU PE, ANTONOPOULOS IA, ANDONOPOULOS AP, LIOSSIS SN: Anakinra treatment in patients with adultonset Still's disease is fast, effective, safe and steroid sparing: experience from an uncontrolled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66: 842-3.
63. FITZGERALD AA, LECLERCQ SA, YAN A, HOMIK JE, DINARELLO CA: Rapid responses to anakinra in patients with refractory adultonset Still's disease. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: 1794-803.
64. LAHIRI M, TENG GG: A case of refractory adult-onset Still's disease treated with anakinra. Int J Rheum Dis 2010; 13: e36-41.
65. MOULIS G, SAILLER L, ASTUDILLO L, PUGNET G, ARLET P: May anakinra be used earlier in adult onset Still disease? Clin Rheumatol 2010; 29: 1199-200.
66. MYLONA E, GOLFINOPOULOU S, SAMARKOS M, FANOURGIAKIS P, PAPADAKOS V, SKOUTELIS A: Acute hepatitis in adult Still's disease during corticosteroid treatment successfully treated with anakinra. Clin Rheumatol 2008; 27: 659-61.
67. RAFFEINER B, BOTSIOS C, DINARELLO C, OMETTO F, PUNZI L, RAMONDA R: Adult-onset Still's disease with myocarditis successfully treated with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 78: 100-1.
68. RUDINSKAYA A, TROCK DH: Successful treatment of a patient with refractory adultonset still disease with anakinra. J Clin Rheumatol 2003; 9: 330-2.
69. TAMAKI H, SHIMIZU H, HIRAOKA E et al.: Marked effect and steroid-sparing ability of anakinra on a patient with refractory adultonset Still's disease. Mod Rheumatol 2010; 20: 200-4.
70. VASQUES GODINHO FM, PARREIRA SANTOS MJ, CANAS DA SILVA J: Refractory adult onset Still's disease successfully treated with anakinra. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: 647-8.
71. VORDENBäUMEN S, OSTENDORF B, SANDER O, RICHTER J, SCHNEIDER M: Continuation of anakinra despite the development of a pruritic rash in an otherwise refractory case of adult-onset Still's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68: 450-1.
72. YOUSSEF J, LAZARO E, BLANCO P, VIALLARD JF: Blockade of interleukin 1 receptor in Still's disease affects activation of peripheral T-lymphocytes. J Rheumatol 2008; 35: 2453-6.
73. WOO P: Anakinra treatment for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult onset Still disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67: 281-2.
74. TERáN A, CASAFONT F, FáBREGA E, MARTíNEZ-TABOADA VM, RODRíGUEZ-VALVERDE V, PONS-ROMERO F: Adult-onset Still's disease with liver failure requiring liver transplantation. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 32: 681-6.
75. RINKIN C, VAN DURME C, FAUTREL B, MALAISE M: [Clinical case of the month. A rare case of arthritis and fever]. Rev Med Liege 2013; 68: 423-7.
76. NORDSTRöM D, KNIGHT A, LUUKKAINEN R et al.: Beneficial effect of interleukin 1 inhibition with anakinra in adult-onset Still's disease. An open, randomized, multicenter study. J Rheumatol 2012; 39: 2008-11.
77. LEQUERRé T, QUARTIER P, ROSELLINI D et al.: Société Francophone pour la Rhumatologie et les Maladies Inflammatoires en Pédiatrie (SOFREMIP); Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation (CRI): Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) treatment in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis or adult onset Still disease: preliminary experience in France. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67: 302-8.
78. CAVALLI G, FRANCHINI S, BERTI A et al.: Efficacy and safety of biologic agents in adultonset Still's disease: a long-term follow-up of 19 patients at a single referral center. Arthritis Rheum 2013; 65 (Suppl. 10): 2028.
79. GIAMPIETRO C, RIDENE M, LEQUERRE T et al.: CRI (Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation): Anakinra in adult-onset Still's disease: long-term treatment in patients resistant to conventional therapy. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65: 822-6.
80. LASKARI K, TZIOUFAS AG, MOUTSOPOULOS HM: Efficacy and long-term follow-up of IL-1R inhibitor anakinra in adults with Still's disease: a case-series study. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13: R91.
81. ILIOU C, PAPAGORAS C, TSIFETAKI N, VOULGARI PV, DROSOS AA: Adult-onset Still's disease: clinical, serological and therapeutic considerations. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31: 47-52.
82. GIAMPIETRO C, RIDENE M, FAUTREL B, BOURGEOIS P: Long-term treatment with anakinra in patients with adult-onset Still disease [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62 (Suppl. 10): S902.
83. HONG D, YANG Z, HAN S, LIANG X, MA K, ZHANG X: Interleukin 1 inhibition with anakinra in adult-onset Still disease: a metaanalysis of its efficacy and safety. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8: 2345-57.
84. STOLL ML, CRON RQ: Treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a revolution in care. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2014; 12: 13.
85. STABILE A, BERTONI B, ANSUINI V, LA TORRACA I, SALLÌ A, RIGANTE D: The clinical spectrum and treatment options of macrophage activation syndrome in the pediatric age. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2006; 10: 53-9.
86. RAJASEKARAN S, KRUSE K, KOVEY K et al.: Therapeutic role of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in the management of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/ sepsis/multiple organ dysfunction/macrophage activating syndrome in critically ill children. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2014; 15: 401-8.
87. LOPALCO G, CANTARINI L, VITALE A et al.: Interleukin-1 as a common denominator from autoinflammatory to autoimmune disorders: premises, perils, and perspectives. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015: 194864.
88. SO A, DE SMEDT T, REVAZ S, TSCHOPP J: A pilot study of IL-1 inhibition by anakinra in acute gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 9: R28.
89. OTTAVIANI S, MOLTó A, EA HK et al.: Efficacy of anakinra in gouty arthritis: a retrospective study of 40 cases. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15: R123.
90. GHOSH P, CHO M, RAWAT G, SIMKIN PA, GARDNER GC: Treatment of acute gouty arthritis in complex hospitalized patients with anakinra. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65: 1381-4.
91. MANDRUP-POULSEN T, PICKERSGILL L, DONATH MY: Blockade of interleukin 1 in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2010; 6: 158-66.
92. SUMPTER KM, ADHIKARI S, GRISHMAN EK, WHITE PC: Preliminary studies related to anti-interleukin-1ß therapy in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12: 656-67.
93. MORAN A, BUNDY B, BECKER DJ et al.; AIDA Study Group: Interleukin-1 antagonism in type 1 diabetes of recent onset: two multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trials. Lancet 2013; 381: 1905-15.
94. MAEDLER K, FONTANA A, RIS F et al.: FLIP switches Fas-mediated glucose signaling in human pancreatic beta cells from apoptosis to cell replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 8236-41.
95. RUSCITTI P, CIPRIANI P, CANTARINI L et al.: Efficacy of inhibition of IL-1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: two case reports and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2015; 9: 123.
96. LARSEN CM, FAULENBACH M, VAAG A et al.: Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1517-26.
97. LARSEN CM, FAULENBACH M, VAAG A, EHSES JA, DONATH MY, MANDRUP-POULSEN T: Sustained effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 1663-8.