Evaluating key risk factors for PPP water projects in Ghana: a Delphi study

Journal of Facilities Management

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 133-155

  Ameyaw, Ernest Effah ^a   Chan, Albert P C ^a  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

10780; Delphi survey; Ghana; PPP; Risk factors; Risk identification risk assessment; Water supply

Indexed keywords

EID: 84982268899     PISSN: 14725967     EISSN: 17410983     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/JFM-10-2013-0051     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Abdulai, A.G. (2009), “Political will in combating corruption in developing and transition economies: a comparative study of Singapore, Hong Kong and Ghana”, Journal of Financial Crime, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 387-417.
2. Abor, J. (2005), “Managing foreign exchange rate risk among Ghanaian firms”, Risk Finance, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 306-318.
3. Adam, A. (2011), “Urban water policy reforms in Ghana: power, interest and performance”, MSc Thesis, University of Greenwich, London.
4. ADB (2000), Developing Best Practices for Promoting Private Sector Investment in Infrastructure: Water Supply, Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines.
5. ADB (2009), Urban Water Supply Sector Risk Assessment: Guidance Note, Asian Development Bank, Manila.
6. Aduah, S.M., Mantey, S. and Tagoe, N.D. (2011), “GIS in water supply network maintenance in Tarkwa, South Western Ghana”, Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 6, pp. 737-744.
7. Ainuson, K.G. (2010), “Urban water politics and water security in disadvantaged urban communities in Ghana”, African Studies Quarterly, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 59-82.
8. Akintoye, A., Beck, M. and Hardcastle, C. (2003), Public-Private Partnerships: Managing Risks and Opportunities, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
9. Alegre, H. (2006), Performance Indicators for Water Supply Services, IWA Publishing, London.
10. Ameyaw, E.E. and Chan, A.P.C. (2013a), “Identifying public-private partnership (PPP) risks in managing water supply projects in Ghana”, Journal of Facilities Management, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 152-182.
11. Ameyaw, E.E. and Chan, A.P.C. (2013b), “Private sector’s involvement in the water industry of Ghana”, Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 251-275.
12. Arndt, R.H. (2000), “Getting a fair deal: efficient risk allocation in the private provision of infrastructure”, PhD Thesis, The University of Melbourne.
13. Asenova, D. and Beck, M. (2003), “The UK financial sector and risk management in PFI projects: a survey”, Public Money and Management, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 195-202.
14. Asumadu, K. (2003), “Reform of Ghana’s land tenure system – an opportunity to enhance socio-economic development”, available at: www.ghanaweb.com (accessed 2 September 2013).
15. AVRL, Aqua Vitens Rand Ltd. (2011), Management Contract 2006–2011 for Urban Water Supply in Ghana: A Partnership–in and for–Development, Vitens Evides International, The Netherlands.
16. Bajaj, D., Oluwoye, J. and Lenard, D. (1997), “An analysis of contractors’ approach to risk identification in New South Wales, Australia”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 363-369.
17. Ball, R., Heafey, M. and King, D. (2003), “Risk transfer and value for money in PFI projects”, Public Management Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 279-290.
18. Barraqué, B. (2003), “Past and future sustainability of water policies in Europe”, Natural Resources Forum, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 200-211.
19. Bennett, E. (1998), “Public–private co-operation in the delivery of urban infrastructure services (water and waste)”, Background paper: Public-Private Partnerships for the Urban Environment Programme (PPPUE), UN Development Programme, New York, NY.
20. Bohman, A. (2010), “Framing the water and sanitation challenge: a history of urban water supply and sanitation in Ghana 2009-2005”, Doctoral Dissertation, Umea University.
21. Carter, B., Hancock, T., Morin, J. and Robins, N. (1994), Introducing Riskman Methodology: The European Project Risk Management Methodology, NCC Blackwell, Oxford.
22. CDD-Ghana, Centre for Democracy and Development (2000), Ghana Governance and Corruption survey: Evidence from Households, Enterprises and Public Officials, World Bank, Centre for Democracy and Development, Accra.
23. Chan, A.P.C., Esther, H.K., Yung, Lam, P.T.I., Tam, C.M. and Cheung, S.O. (2001), “Application of Delphi method in selection of procurement systems for construction projects”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 19 No. 7, 699-718.
24. Chan, A.P.C. and Tam, C.M. (2000), “Factors affecting the quality of building projects in Hong Kong”, Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 17 Nos 4/5, pp. 423-441.
25. Chan, D.W.M. and Kumaraswamy, M.M. (1996), “An evaluation of construction time performance in the building industry”, Building and Environment, Vol. 31 No. 6, pp. 569-578.
26. Chanda, O.M. (2011), “Financing Africa’s water agenda: financing investments in the African water sector”, Presentation at World Water Week in Stockholm, 21-27 August.
27. Cheung, E. and Chan, A.P.C. (2011), “Risk factors of public-private partnership projects in China: comparison between the water, power, and transportation sectors”, Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Vol. 137 No. 4, pp. 409-415.
28. Choi, J., Chung, J. and Lee, D.J. (2010), “Risk perception analysis: participation in China’s water PPP market”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 28 No. 6, pp. 580-592.
29. Cowen, P.J.B. and Komives, K. (1998), “Expanding water and sanitation services to low-income households”, Public Policy for the Private Sector, No. 178, World Bank, Washington, DC.
30. Daily Graphic (2013), Energy Sector on the Brink: World Bank Report Suggests, 4 JulyAccra, Ghana.
31. Dordunoo, C.K. (1994), “The foreign exchange market and the dutch auction system in Ghana”, Research Paper 24, AERC, Nairobi.
32. Fall, M., Marin, P., Locussol, A. and Verspyck, R. (2009), “Reforming urban water utilities in western and central africa: experiences with public-private partnerships– Volume 2: 187”, Case Studies, Discussion Paper Series No. 13, World Bank, Washington, DC.
33. Fuest, V. and Haffner, S.A. (2007), “PPP – policies, practices and problems in Ghana’s urban water supply”, Water Policy, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 169-192.
34. Ghana Statistical Service (2012), 2010 Population and Housing Census: Summary of Final Results, Accra, Ghana.
35. Ghana Statistical Service, G.S.S. (2013), GSS Releases Inflation Rate for July, Accra, Ghana.
36. GII (2011), Ghana’s National Water Supply Integrity Study, Ghana Integrity Initiative, available at: www.tighana.org/ (accessed 10 October 2011).
37. Goulter, I. and Kanzemi, A. (1988), “Spatial and temporal groupings of water mains pipe breakage in Winnipeg”, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 15 No. 5, pp. 91-97.
38. GWCL, Ghana Water Company Ltd (2009), GWCL Sector Development Program, Accra, Ghana.
39. Haarmeyer, D. and Mody, A. (1998), Tapping the Private Sector: Approaches to Managing Risk in Water and Sanitation, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
40. Haiduk, A. and Ishemo, A. (2011), “Energy demand considerations for the supply of domestic water in Jamaica”, Int’l Journal of Water Resources Development, Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 759-763.
41. Hall, D. and Lobina, E. (2007), “International actors and multinational water company strategies in Europe, 1990-2003”, Utilities Polity, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 64-77.
42. Hall, D. and Lobina, E. (2012), Water Companies and Trends in Europe 2012, Public Services International Research Unit, University of Greenwich, London.
43. Hall, D., Lobina, E. and de la Motte, R. (2005), “Public resistance to privatisation in water and energy”, Development in Practice, Vol. 15 Nos 3/4, pp. 286-301.
44. Harris, D., Kooy, M. and Jalloh, G. (2012), “The political economy of the Urban water-pricing regime in freetown, Sierra Leone”, Working Paper 348, Overseas Development Institute, London.
45. Hsu, C.C. and Sanford, B.A. (2007), “Minimizing non-response in the Delphi process: how to respond to non-response”, Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, Vol. 12 No. 17.
46. Iimi, A. (2005), “Urbanisation and development of infrastructure in the east Asian region”, JBICI Review, Vol. 10, pp. 88-109.
47. Kauffmann, C. (2007), Private Sector Participation in Water and Sanitation Infrastructure, 191 Background Note for the regional roundtable on Strengthening Investment Climate Assessment and Reform in NEPAD Countries, Lusaka–Zambia, 27-28 November.
48. Ke, Y.J., Wang, S.Q., Chan, A.P.C. and Cheung, E. (2010), “Understanding the risks in China’s PPP projects: ranking their probability and consequence”, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, Vol. 18 No. 5, pp. 481-496.
49. Ke, Y.J., Wang, S.Q., Chan, A.P.C. and Lam, P.T.I. (2010), “Preferred risk allocation in China’s public–private partnership (PPP) projects”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 28 No. 5, pp. 482-492.
50. Kendall, M.G. and Gibbons, J.D. (1990), Rank Correlation Methods, Edward Arnold, London.
51. Liu, T. and Wilkinson, S. (2011), “Adopting innovative procurement techniques: obstacles and drivers for adopting public-private partnerships in New Zealand”, Construction Innovation, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 452-469.
52. Mandri-Perrot, C. and Menzies, I. (2010), Private Sector Participation in Light Rail-light Metro Transit Initiatives, PPIAF and World Bank, Washington, DC.
53. MIGA (2009), World Investment and Political Risk, The World Bank Group, Washington, DC.
54. Moglia, M., Burn, S. and Tjandraatmadja, G. (2009), “Vulnerability of water services in pacific island countries: combining methodologies and judgment”, Water Science & Technology – WST, Vol. 60 No. 6, pp. 1621-1631.
55. Nicholas, J.M. and Steyn, H. (2012), Project Management for Engineering, Business and Technology, 4th ed., Routledge, New York, NY.
56. Nyarko, K.B. (2007), Drinking Water Sector in Ghana: Drivers for Performance, PhD Thesis, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, pp. 1-200.
57. OECD (2009), “Managing water for all: an OECD perspective on pricing and financing”, available at: www.oecd.org/water (accessed 10 September 2012).
58. Oyedele, L.O. (2013), “Avoiding performance failure payment deductions in PFI/PPP projects: model of critical success factors”, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 283-294.
59. Powell, C. (2003), “The Delphi technique: myths and realities”, Advanced Nursing, Vol. 41 No. 4, pp. 376-382.
60. PPIAF (2011), PPIAF Assistance in Ghana, Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, available at: www.ppiaf.org (accessed 16 January 2012).
61. Rasli, A. (2006), Data Analysis and Interpretation: A Handbook for Postgraduate Social Scientists, Universiti Teknolgi Malaysia.
62. Rees, J.A. (1998), “Regulation and private participation in the water and sanitation sector”, Natural Resources Forum, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 95-105.
63. Rivera, D. (1996), Private Sector Participation in the Water Supply and Wastewater Sector: Lessons from Six Developing Countries, Directions in Development Series, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
64. Røstum, J., Dören, L. and Schilling, W. (1997), Deterioration of Built Environment: Buildings, Roads and Water Systems, Proceedings of the 10th EJSW at Tautra, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, IVB-report B2-1997-2, ISBN 82-7598-040-2.
65. Rowe, G. and Wright, G. (1999), “The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: issue and analysis”, International Journal of Forecast, Vol. 15, pp. 353-375.
66. Salifu, Z., Osei, K.A. and Adjasi, C.K.D. (2007), “Foreign exchange rate exposure of listed companies in Ghana”, Risk Finance, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 380-393.
67. Schmidt, R., Yytinen, K., Keil, M. and Cule, P. (2001), “Identifying software project risks: an international Delphi survey”, Journal of Management of Information Systems, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 5-36.
68. Schmidt, R.C. (1997), “Managing Delphi surveys using nonparametric statistical techniques”, Decision Sciences, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 763-774.
69. Sentürk, H., Yazici, G. and Kaplanoglu, S. (2004), “Case study: izmit domestic and industrial water supply build–operate–transfer project”, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 130 No. 3, pp. 449-454.
70. Stone & Webster (2002), “Corruption revelations rock Ghanaian water sector”, Global Water Intelligence, Vol. 3 No. 8.
71. Tang, W., Qiang, M., Duffield, C.F., Young, D.M. and Youmei, L. (2007), “Risk management in the Chinese construction industry”, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 133 No. 12, pp. 944-956.
72. Tenkorang, S.J., Odai, S., Adjei, K.A., Annor, F.O., Oduro-Kwarteng, S., Nyarko, K.B. and Abu-Madi, M.O. (2013), “Impacts of variable energy prices on the financial sustainability of water facilities: a case from Ghana”, International Journal of Water, Vol. 8 No. 2.
73. The World Factbook (2013), “Commercial bank prime lending rate”, available at: www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworldfactbook/fields (accessed 22 August 2013).
74. Thomas, A.V., Kalidindi, S.N. and Ananthanaraynan, K. (2003), “Risk perception analysis of the BOT road project participants in India”, Journal of Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 393-407.
75. Tweeds, T.A. (1996), Laxton’s Guide to Risk Analysis and Management, Tweeds Chartered Quantity Surveyors, Cost Engineers and Construction Economists (Eds), Oxford.
76. UN Habitat (2008), The State of African Cities 2008: A Framework for Addressing Urban Challenges in Africa, United Nations Human Settlements Program, Nairobi, Kenya.
77. Vives, A., Paris, A.M., Benavides, J., Raymond, P.D., Quiroga, D. and Marcus, J. (2006), Financial Structuring of Infrastructure Projects in Public-private Partnerships: An Application to Water Projects, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC.
78. Wang, S.Q., Tiong, R.L.K., Ting, S.K. and Ashley, D. (2000), “Evaluation and management of foreign exchange and revenue risks in China’s BOT projects”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 197-207.
79. Whitfield, L. (2006), “The politics of urban water reform in Ghana”, Review of African Political Economy, Vol. 33 No. 109, pp. 425-448.
80. Wibowo, A. and Mohamed, S. (2010), “Risk critically and allocation in privatised water supply projects in Indonesia”, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 28 No. 5, pp. 504-513.
81. Xu, Y.L., Yang, Y.F., Chan, A.P.C., Yeung, J.F.Y. and Cheng, H. (2011), “Identification and allocation of risks associated with PPP water projects in China”, International Journal of Strategic Property Management, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 275-294.
82. Yescombe, E.R. (2007), Public-private Partnerships: Principles of Policy and Finance, Elsevier Ltd.
83. Zeng, S.X., Wan, T.W., Tam, C.M. and Liu, D. (2007), “Identifying risk factors of BOT for water supply projects”, Proceedings of Institute of Civil Engineering (ICE), Water Management, Vol. 161 No. 2.
84. Ameyaw, E.E. and Chan, A.P.C. (2012), “Assessing the performance of the urban water management contract – a case from Ghana”, International Journal of Professional Management, ISSN 20422341, Vol. 6 No. 6.