Acceptability and feasibility of point-of-care CD4 testing on HIV continuum of care in low and middle income countries: A systematic review

BMC Health Services Research

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Pham, Minh D ^a,b   Agius, Paul A ^a   Romero, Lorena ^c   McGlynn, Peter ^b   Anderson, David ^a,b   Crowe, Suzanne M ^a,b,c   Luchters, Stanley ^a,b,d  

^a BURNET INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^d GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

acceptability; CD4; feasibility; Pima; Point of care testing; systematic review

Indexed keywords

ADULT; BLOOD SAMPLING; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DEVICE FAILURE; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT CARE; POINT OF CARE TESTING; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; SATISFACTION;

ADULT; BLOOD SPECIMEN COLLECTION; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CONTINUITY OF PATIENT CARE; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; EQUIPMENT FAILURE; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONAL SATISFACTION; POINT-OF-CARE TESTING; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE;

EID: 84979992151     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726963     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1588-y     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. INSIGHTSTART. Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:795-807.
2. Ford N, et al. The future role of CD4 cell count for monitoring antiretroviral therapy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(2):241-7.
3. Zachariah R, et al. Viewpoint: Why do we need a point-of-care CD4 test for low-income countries? Trop Med Int Health. 2011;16(1):37-41.
4. Govindasamy D, Ford N, Kranzer K. Risk factors, barriers and facilitators for linkage to antiretroviral therapy care: a systematic review. AIDS. 2012;26(16):2059-67.
5. Reid S, Fidler S, Cooke G. Tracking the progress of HIV: The impact of point-of-care tests on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Epidemiol. 2013;5(1):387-96.
6. Rathunde L, et al. Evaluation of the Alere Pima™ for CD4+ T lymphocytes counts in HIV-positive outpatients in Southern Brazi. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25(13):956-9.
7. Mwau M, et al. Technical Performance Evaluation of the MyT4 Point of Care Technology for CD4+ T Cell Enumeration. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(9), e107410.
8. Scott LE, et al. A meta-analysis of the performance of the Pima (TM) CD4 for point of care testing. BMC Med. 2015;13:168.
9. Wynberg E, et al. Impact of point-of-care CD4 testing on linkage to HIV care: a systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17:18809.
10. Patten GE, et al. Impact on ART initiation of point-of-care CD4 testing at HIV diagnosis among HIV-positive youth in Khayelitsha, South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16:18518.
11. Jani IV, et al. Effect of point-of-care CD4 cell count tests on retention of patients and rates of antiretroviral therapy initiation in primary health clinics: an observational cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378(9802):1572-9.
12. Black S, et al. Acceptability and challenges of rapid ART initiation among pregnant women in a pilot programme, Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Care. 2014;26(6):736-41.
13. Myer L, et al. Pilot programme for the rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Care. 2012;24(8):986-92.
14. Faal M, et al. Providing immediate CD4 count results at HIV testing improves ART initiation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;58(3):e54-9.
15. Counsell C. Formulating questions and locating primary studies for inclusion in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127(5):380-7.
16. UNITAID. 2014 HIV/AIDS Diagnostics Technology Landscape. 4th ed. 2014. http://www.unitaid.eu/en/resources/publications/technical-reports.
17. Whiting P, et al. The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2003;3:25.
18. Jackson N, et al. Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions. Health Promot Int. 2005;20(4):367-74.
19. Walsh D, Downe S. Appraising the quality of qualitative research. Midwifery. 2006;22(2):108-19.
20. Asiimwe C, et al. Early experiences on the feasibility, acceptability, and use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests at peripheral health centres in Uganda-insights into some barriers and facilitators. Implement Sci. 2012;7:5.
21. Van Rooyen H, et al. High HIV testing uptake and linkage to care in a novel program of home-based HIV counseling and testing with facilitated referral in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;64(1):e1-8.
22. Larson BA, et al. Rapid point-of-care CD4 testing at mobile HIV testing sites to increase linkage to care: an evaluation of a pilot program in South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(2):e13-7.
23. Mtapuri-Zinyowera S, et al. Evaluation of the PIMA point-of-care CD4 analyzer in VCT clinics in Zimbabwe. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(1):1-7.
24. Mtapuri-Zinyowera S, et al. PIMA Point of Care CD4+ Cell Count Machines in Remote MNCH Settings: Lessons Learned from Seven Districts in Zimbabwe. Infect Dis (Auckl). 2013;6:51-60.
25. Thakar M, et al. Utility of the point of care CD4 analyzer, PIMA, to enumerate CD4 counts in the field settings in India. AIDS Res Ther. 2012;9(1):26.
26. Galiwango RM, et al. Field evaluation of PIMA point-of-care CD4 testing in Rakai, Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(3), e88928.
27. Manabe YC, et al. Evaluation of portable point-of-care CD4 counter with high sensitivity for detecting patients eligible for antiretroviral therapy. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(4), e34319.
28. Jani IV, et al. Accurate CD4 T-cell enumeration and antiretroviral drug toxicity monitoring in primary healthcare clinics using point-of-care testing. AIDS. 2011;25(6):807-12.
29. Arnett N, Chang K, Schmitz M, Lemwayi R, Rwehumbiza P, Mwasekaga M. Healthcare workers' acceptance and performance of point-of-care CD4 testing in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2011. Kuala Lumpur: 7th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment; 2013.
30. Wade D, et al. WHO multicenter evaluation of FACSCount CD4 and Pima CD4 T-cell count systems: instrument performance and misclassification of HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66(5):e98-e107.
31. Glencross DK, et al. Performance evaluation of the Pima™ point-of-care CD4 analyser using capillary blood sampling in field tests in South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc. 2012;15(1):3.
32. UNAIDS. HIV/AIDS Diagnostics technologies Landscape Semi-Annual Update. 2015. Available at: http://www.aidsdatahub.org/hivaids-diagnostics-technology-landscape-semi-annual-update-murtagh-mm-2015.
33. Fajardo E, et al. Errors generated by a point-of-care CD4+ T-lymphocyte analyser: a retrospective observational study in nine countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2015;93:623-30.
34. Seidahmed OM, et al. End-user errors in applying two malaria rapid diagnostic tests in a remote area of Sudan. Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13(3):406-9.
35. Wolpaw BJ, et al. The failure of routine rapid HIV testing: a case study of improving low sensitivity in the field. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:73.
36. Nations, U. Final draft of the outcome document for the UN Summit to adopt the Post-2015 Development Agenda. 2015.
37. TEMPRANO. A Trial of Early Antiretrovirals and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Africa. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(9):795-807.
38. WHO. GUIDELINE ON WHEN TO START ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND ON PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS FOR HIV. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. p. 78.
39. Unge C, et al. Challenges for scaling up ART in a resource-limited setting: a retrospective study in Kibera, Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50(4):397-402.