How earth science has become a social science

Historical Social Research

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 246-270

  Oreskes, Naomi ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate change scenarios; Earthquake prediction; Emessions scenarios; Hydrological modeling; Physico social systems; Seismology

Indexed keywords

EID: 84979797897     PISSN: 01726404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.12759/hsr.40.2015.2.246-270     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Bolin, Bert. 2008. A History of the Science and Policy of Climate Change: The Role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Brysse, Keynyn, Naomi Oreskes, Jessica O'Reilly, and Michael Oppenheimer. 2013. Climate Change Prediction: Erring on the Side of Least Drama? Global Environmental Change 23(1):327-37.
3. Chakrabarty, Dipesh. 2009. The Climate of History: Four Theses. Critical Inquiry 35:197-222.
4. Cherry, John, Michael Ben-Eli, Lalita Bharadwaj, Richard Chalaturnyk, Maurice B. Dusseault, Bernard Goldstein, Jean-Paul Lacoursière, Ralph Matthews, Bernhard Mayer, John Molson, Kelly Munkittrick, Naomi Oreskes, Beth Parker, and Paul Young. 2014. Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Extraction in Canada. The Expert Panel on Harnessing Science and Technology to Understand the Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Extraction. Ottawa: Council of Canadian Academies.
5. Clancey, Gregory. 2006. Earthquake Nation. The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity, 1868-1930. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
6. Dasgupta, Partha Sarathi, Veerabhadran Ramanathan, and Roland Minnerath. 2014. Sustainable Humanity, Sustainable Nature: Our Responsibility (Accessed June 6, 2014).
7. European Environment Agency. 1998. Environmental Risk Assessment: Approaches, Experiences and Information Sources. Environmental Issue Report 4. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
8. Forman, Paul. 2007. The Primacy of Science in Modernity, of Technology in Postmodernity, and of Ideology in the History of Technology. History and Technology 23:1-152.
9. Forman, Paul. 2012. On the Historical Forms of Knowledge Production and Curation: Modernity Entailed Disciplinarity, Postmodernity Entails Antidisciplinarity. Osiris 27:56-97.
10. Geschwind, Carl-Henry. 2001. California Earthquakes: Science, Risk, and the Politics of Hazard Mitigation. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
11. Gould, Stephen Jay. 1987. Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12. Hall, Stephen S. 2011. Scientists on Trial: At Fault? Nature A11(14 September 2011):264-9 (Accessed April 18, 2014).
13. IPCC WG III. 2000. Special Report on Emission Scenarios. Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press.
14. IPCC WG I. 2007. Climate Change 2007 - The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge et al: Cambridge University Press.
15. IPCC WG II. 2007. Climate Change 2007 - Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press.
16. IPCC WG III. 2007. Climate Change 2007 - Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press.
17. IPCC SREX. 2012. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press.
18. IPCC WG I. 2013. Climate Change 2013 - The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press.
19. IPCC WG II. 2014. Climate Change 2014-Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Working Group II Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2 vols. Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press.
20. IPCC WG III. 2014. Climate Change 2014 - Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press.
21. ISSO (International Seismic Safety Organization). 2012a. Position Statement on Earthquake Hazard Assessment and Design Load for Public Safety, 6 August 2012 (Accessed April 18, 2014).
22. ISSO (International Seismic Safety Organization). 2012b. Cover Letter to President Giorgio Napolitano Concerning the Position Statement on Earthquake Hazard Assessment and Design Load for Public Safety, 8 November 2012 (Accessed April 18, 2014).
23. Kluger, Jeffrey. 2012. Scientific Illiteracy: Why The Italian Earthquake Verdict is Even Worse Than it Seems. Time, 24 October 2012 (Accessed April 18, 2014).
24. Konikow, Leonard F. 1986. Predictive Accuracy of a Ground-Water Model: Lessons from a Post-Audit. Groundwater 24:173-84.
25. Lane, Stuart N. 2014. Acting, Predicting, and Intervening in a Socio-Hydrological World. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18:927-52.
26. Latour, Bruno. 1987. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
27. Latour, Bruno. 1993. We Have Never Been Modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
28. Mahoney, Martin, and Michael Hulme. 2012. The Colour of Risk: An Exploration of the IPCC's "Burning Embers" Diagram. Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science 6(1):75-89.
29. 2 Emission Scenarios. Nature Geoscience 3:376-7.
30. Mooney, Chris. 2005. The Republican War on Science. New York: Basic Books.
31. Moss, Richard H., Mustafa Babiker, Sander Brinkman, Eduardo Calvo, Timothy R. Carter, Jae A. Edmonds, Ismail Elgizouli, Seita Emori, Lin Erda, Kathy A. Hibbard, Roger Jones, Mikiko Kainuma, Jessica Kelleher, Jean François Lamarque, Martin R. Manning, Ben Matthews, Jerry Meehl, Leo Meyer, John F. B. Mitchell, Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Brian O'Neill, Ramon Pichs, Keywan Riahi, Steven K. Rose, Paul Runci, Ronald J. Stouffer, Detlef P. van Vuuren, John P. Weyant, Thomas J. Wilbanks, Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, and Monika Zurek. 2007. Towards New Scenarios for Analysis of Emissions, Climate Change, Impacts and Response Strategies. IPCC Expert Meeting Report, 19-21 September, 2007, Noordwijkerhoot, The Netherlands. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Accessed June 6, 2014).
32. Moss, Richard H., Jae A. Edmonds, Kathy A. Hibbard, Martin R. Manning, Steven K. Rose, Detlef P. van Vuuren, Timothy R. Carter, Seita Emori, Mikiko Kainuma, Tom Kram, Gerald A. Meehl, John F. B. Mitchell, Nebosja Nakicenovic, Keywan Riahi, Steven J. Smith, Ronald J. Stouffer, Allison M. Thomson, John P. Weyant, and Thomas J. Wilbanks. 2010. The Next Generation of Scenarios for Climate Change Research and Assessment. Nature 463:747-56.
33. National Research Council. 1994. Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
34. National Research Council. 1996. Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
35. Nature. 2012. Shock and Law. The Italian System's Contempt for its Scientists Is Made Plain by the Guilty Verdict in L'Aquila. Nature 490(25 October 2012):446 (Accessed April 18, 2014).
36. Oreskes, Naomi. 2007. The scientific consensus on climate change: How do we know we're not wrong? In Climate Change: What It Means for Us, Our Children, and Our Grandchildren, ed. Joseph F. C. DiMento and Pamela Doughman, 65-99. Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press.
37. Oreskes, Naomi, and Kenneth Belitz. 2001. Philosophical Issues in Model Assessment. In Model Validation: Perspectives in Hydrological Science, ed. Malcom G. Anderson and Paul D. Bates, 23-41. London: John Wiley and Sons.
38. Oreskes, Naomi, and Ronald E. Doel. 2002. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. In The Cambridge History of Science, Vol. V: Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences, ed. Mary Jo Nye, 538-52. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. Oreskes, Naomi, and Eric M. Conway. 2014. The Collapse of Western Civilization. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
40. Pappas, Stephanie. 2012. Scientists face four years in prison for failing to predict earthquake. Fox News, 27 September 2012 s (Accessed April 18, 2014).
41. Revkin, Andrew C. 2009a. Climate 'Embers' Burning Brighter. The New York Times, 23 February 2009 (Accessed June 6, 2014).
42. Revkin, Andrew C. 2009b. Why I. P. C. C. Report Lacked 'Embers'. The New York Times, 26 February 2009 (Accessed June 6, 2014).
43. Rosol, Christoph. 2015. Hauling Data. Anthropocene Analogues, Paleoceanography and Missing Paradigm Shifts. Historical Social Research 40(2):37-66. doi: 10.12759/hsr.40.2015.2.37-66.
44. Rudwick, Martin J. S. 1992. Scenes from Deep Time: Pictorial Representations of the Prehistoric World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
45. Rumsey, Brian. 2015. From Flood Flows to Flood Maps: The Understanding of Flood Probabilities in the United States. Historical Social Research 40(2):134-50. doi: 10.12759/hsr.40.2015.2.134-150.
46. Smith, Joel B., Stephen H. Schneider, Michael Oppenheimer, Gary W. Yohe, William Hare, Michael D. Mastrandrea, Anand Patwardhan, Ian Burton, Jan Corfee-Morlot, Chris H. D. Magadza, Hans-Martin Füssel, A. Barrie Pittock, Atiq Rahman, Avelino Suarez, and Jean-Pascal van Ypersele. 2009. Assessing Dangerous Climate Change through an Update of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) "Reasons for Concern". Proceedings of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences 106(11):4133-7.
47. Smith, Kerry. 2015. Earthquake Prediction in Occupied Japan. Historical Social Research 40(2):105-33. doi: 10.12759/hsr.40.2015.2.105-133.
48. Sivapalan, Murugesu, Hubert H. G. Savenije, and Günter Blöschl. 2012. Socio-Hydrology: A New Science of People and Water. Hydrological Processes 26(8):1270-6.
49. Steinacher, Marco, Joos Fortunat, and Thomas F. Stocker. 2013. Allowable carbon emissions lowered by multiple climate targets. Nature 499:197-201.
50. Tribunale di L'Aquila. 2012. Sentenza nella causa pénale contro Barberi Franco, De Bernardinis Bernardo, Boschi Enzo, Selvaggi Giulio, Calvi Gian Michèle, Eva Claudio, Dolce Mauro, 22 October 2012 (Accessed April 18, 2014).
51. Uhrqvist, Ola. 2015. One Model to Fit All? The Pursuit of Integrated Earth System Models in GAIM and AIMES. Historical Social Research 40(2):271-97. doi: 10.12759/hsr.40.2015.2.271-297.
52. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012. The History of Risk at EPA, last updated on 31 July 2012 (Accessed April 18, 2014).
53. U. S. National Academy of Sciences. 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
54. Westermann, Andrea. 2015. Geology and World Politics: Mineral Resource Appraisals as Tools of Geopolitical Calculation, 1919-1939. Historical Social Research 40(2):151-73. doi: 10.12759/hsr.40.2015.2.151-173.
55. Yearley, Steven. 2009. Sociology and Climate Change after Kyoto: What Roles for Social Science in Understanding Climate Change? Current Sociology 57(3):389-405 (Accessed April 18, 2014).