Transit system design and vulnerability of riders to heat

Journal of Transport and Health

Volumn 4, Issue , 2017, Pages 216-225

  Fraser, Andrew M ^a   Chester, Mikhail V ^a  

^a Arizona State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate; Health; Heat; Transit; Urban

Indexed keywords

EID: 84979774521     PISSN: 22141405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2016.07.005     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Abrahamson, V., Wolf, J., Lorenzoni, I., Fenn, B., Kovats, S., Wilkinson, P., Adger, W.N., Raine, R., Perceptions of heatwave risks to health: interview-based study of older people in London and Norwich, UK. J. Public Health 31 (2009), 119–126.
2. APTA, Public Transportation Factbook. 65th Edition, 2014, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, D.C.
3. APTA, Public Transportation Factbook Appendix A: Historical Tables. 2014, American Public Transit Association, Washington, D.C.
4. Arana, P., Cabezudo, S., Peñalba, M., Influence of weather conditions on transit ridership: a statistical study using data from Smartcards. Transp. Res. A: Policy Pract. 59 (2014), 1–12.
5. Arrington, G., Cervero, R., TCRP Report 128: Effects of TOD on Housing, Parking, and Travel. 2008, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C.
6. Bartos, M., Chester, M., Assessing future extreme heat events at intra-urban scales: a comparative study of Phoenix and Los Angeles. Cent. Earth Syst. Eng. Manag., 2014.
7. Bartos, M.D., Chester, M.V., Impacts of climate change on electric power supply in the Western United States. Nat. Clim. Change 5 (2015), 748–752.
8. Bento, A.M., Cropper, M.L., Mobarak, A.M., Vinha, K., The effects of urban spatial structure on travel demand in the United States. Rev. Econ. Stat. 87 (2005), 466–478.
9. Berko, J., Ingram, D.D., Saha, S., Parker, J.D., Deaths attributed to heat, cold, and other weather events in the United States, 2006–2010. Natl. health Stat. Rep., 2014, 1–16.
10. Bittner, M.-I., Stößel, U., Perceptions of heatwave risks to health: results of an qualitative interview study with older people and their careers in Freiburg, Germany. GMS Psycho-Soc.-Med., 9, 2012, Doc05.
11. Bohannon, R.W., Andrews, A.W., Normal walking speed: a descriptive meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 97 (2011), 182–189.
12. Census, TIGER/Line Shapefile. 2014, US Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC.
13. Cervero, R., Ferrell, C., Murphy, S., Transit-oriented development and joint development in the United States: a literature review. TCRP Res. results Dig., 2002.
14. Cervero, R., Golub, A., Informal transport: a global perspective. Transp. Policy 14 (2007), 445–457.
15. Cervero, R., Kockelman, K., Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity, and design. Transp. Res. D: Transp. Environ. 2 (1997), 199–219.
16. Chen, C., Gong, H., Paaswell, R., Role of the built environment on mode choice decisions: additional evidence on the impact of density. Transportation 35 (2008), 285–299.
17. Cooley, H., Moore, E., Heberger, M., Allen, L., 2012. Social vulnerability to climate change in California. In: Pacifica Institute (Ed.). California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CA.
18. Coumou, D., Rahmstorf, S., A decade of weather extremes. Nat. Clim. Change 2 (2012), 491–496.
19. ESRI, 2015. North American Streetscarto. In: Tele Atlas North America (Ed.), September 25, 2014 ed. Redlands, CA.
20. Frank, L., Bradley, M., Kavage, S., Chapman, J., Lawton, T.K., Urban form, travel time, and cost relationships with tour complexity and mode choice. Transportation 35 (2008), 37–54.
21. Guo, Z., Wilson, N., Rahbee, A., Impact of weather on transit ridership in Chicago, Illinois. Transp. Res. Rec.: J. Transp. Res. Board, 2007, 3–10.
22. Handy, S., Smart growth and the transportation-land use connection: what does the research tell us?. Int. Reg. Sci. Rev. 28 (2005), 146–167.
23. Harlan, S.L., Declet-Barreto, J.H., Stefanov, W.L., Petitti, D.B., Neighborhood effects on heat deaths: social and environmental predictors of vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona. Environ. Health Perspect. 121 (2012), 197–204.
24. Hodges, T., Public transportation׳s role in responding to climate change. 2010, Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
25. Iseki, H., Smart, M., Taylor, B.D., Yoh, A., Thinking outside the bus. ACCESS Mag., 1, 2012, 40.
26. Kalkstein, A.J., Kuby, M., Gerrity, D., Clancy, J.J., An analysis of air mass effects on rail ridership in three US cities. J. Transp. Geogr. 17 (2009), 198–207.
27. Kalkstein, A.J., Sheridan, S.C., The social impacts of the heat–health watch/warning system in Phoenix, Arizona: assessing the perceived risk and response of the public. Int. J Biometeorol. 52 (2007), 43–55.
28. Kenny, G.P., Yardley, J., Brown, C., Sigal, R.J., Jay, O., Heat stress in older individuals and patients with common chronic diseases. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 182 (2010), 1053–1060.
29. Kovats, R.S., Hajat, S., Heat stress and public health: a critical review. Annu. Rev. Public Health 29 (2008), 41–55.
30. Kuby, M., Barranda, A., Upchurch, C., Factors influencing light-rail station boardings in the United States. Transp. Res. A: Policy Pract. 38 (2004), 223–247.
31. Larsen, O.I., Sunde, Ø., Waiting time and the role and value of information in scheduled transport. Res. Transp. Econ. 23 (2008), 41–52.
32. Litman, T., Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs. 65, 2011, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Canada.
33. Los Angeles County Assessor Office, Los Angeles County Assessor Database. 2009, Los Angeles County, CA.
34. Los Angeles Metro, Metro Customer Survey (2012 & 2013). 2014, Los Angeles, California.
35. Los Angeles Metro, 2015. General Transit Feed Specification Los Angeles, CA.
36. Luber, G., McGeehin, M., Climate Change and Extreme Heat Events. Am. J. Prev. Med. 35 (2008), 429–435.
37. Ma, J., Bai, Y., Shen, J., Zhou, F., Examining the impact of adverse weather on urban rail transit facilities on the basis of fault tree analysis and fuzzy synthetic evaluation. J. Transp. Eng., 140, 2013, 04013011.
38. Maricopa County Assessor Office, Maricopa County Assessor Database. 2010, Maricopa County, AZ.
39. Meyer, M.D., Design Standards for US Transportation Infrastructure: The Implications of Climate Change. 2008, Transportation Research Board Washington, DC.
40. Molarius, R., Könönen, V., Leviäkangas, P., Rönty, J., Hietajärvi, A.-M., Oiva, K., The extreme weather risk indicators (EWRI) for the European transport system. Nat. Hazards 72 (2014), 189–210.
41. Moudon, A.V., Lee, C., Cheadle, A.D., Garvin, C., Johnson, D., Schmid, T.L., Weathers, R.D., Lin, L., Operational definitions of walkable neighborhood: theoretical and empirical insights. J. Phys. Act. Health, 3, 2006, S99.
42. Reid, C.E., O'Neill, M.S., Gronlund, C.J., Brines, S.J., Diez-Roux, A.V., Brown, D.G., Schwartz, J.D., Mapping community determinants of heat vulnerability. Environ. Health Perspect. 117 (2009), 1730–1736.
43. Robine, J.-M., Cheung, S.L.K., Le Roy, S., Van Oyen, H., Griffiths, C., Michel, J.-P., Herrmann, F.R., Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003. Comptes Rendus Biol. 331 (2008), 171–178.
44. Rodrı́guez, D.A., Joo, J., The relationship between non-motorized mode choice and the local physical environment. Transp. Res. D: Transp. Environ. 9 (2004), 151–173.
45. Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W.D., Blake, R., Bowman, M., Faris, C., Gornitz, V., Horton, R., Jacob, K., LeBlanc, A., Leichenko, R., Developing coastal adaptation to climate change in the New York City infrastructure-shed: process, approach, tools, and strategies. Clim. Change 106 (2011), 93–127.
46. Singhal, A., Kamga, C., Yazici, A., Impact of weather on urban transit ridership. Transp. Res. A: Policy Pract. 69 (2014), 379–391.
47. Tao, S., Corcoran, J., Hickman, M., Stimson, R., The influence of weather on local geographical patterns of bus usage. J. Transp. Geogr. 54 (2016), 66–80.
48. TCRP, Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual. Third Edition, 2013, Transportation Cooperative Research Program, Washingtond, D.C.
49. USDOT, National Household Travel Survey, in: U.S. Department of Transportation. 2009, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Washington DC.
50. USEPA, Excessive Heat Events Guidebook. 2006, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C.
51. Valley Metro, General Transit Feed Specification. 2015, Phoenix, AZ.
52. Watkins, K.E., Ferris, B., Borning, A., Rutherford, G.S., Layton, D., Where is my bus? Impact of mobile real-time information on the perceived and actual wait time of transit riders. Transp. Res. A: Policy Pract. 45 (2011), 839–848.