Ecotourism, animals and ecocentrism: A re-examination of the billfish debate

Tourism Recreation Research

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 189-202

  Fennell, David A ^a  

^a BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Animal liberation; Animals; Billfishing; Ecocentrism; Ecotourism; Environmental ethics

Indexed keywords

EID: 84979766172     PISSN: 02508281     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02508281.2013.11081744     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. ACOTT, T.G., LATROBE, H.L. and HOWARD, S.H. (1998). An Evaluation of Deep Ecotourism and Shallow Ecotourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 6(3): 238-253.
2. ADAMS, C.J. (1993). Introduction. In Adams, C.J. (Ed) Ecofeminism and the Sacred. New York, NY. The Continuum Publishing Company: 1-9.
3. ALJAZEERA (2006). Blow to Thailand Monkey Business. Available at http://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2006/04/200841092626122565.html-Accessed on 8 November 2012.
4. ARLINGHAUS, R., COOKE, S.J., SCHWAB, A. and COWX, I.G. (2007). Fish Welfare: A Challenge to the Feelings-based Approach, with Implications for Recreational Fishing. Fish and Fisheries 8(1): 57-71.
5. BALON, E.K. (2000). Defending Fishes Against Recreational Fishing: An Old Problem to be Solved in the New Millennium. Environmental Biology of Fishes 57(1): 1-8.
6. BIRO, A. (2002). Towards a Denaturalized Ecological Politics. Polity 35(2): 195-212.
7. BOOKCHIN, M. (1990). The Philosophy of Social Ecology: Essays on Dialectical Naturalism. New York. Black Rose Books.
8. BOVENKERK, B., STAFLEU, F., TRAMPER, R., VORSTENBOSCH, J. and BROM, F.W.A. (2003). To Act or Not to Act? Sheltering Animals from the Wild: A Pluralistic Account of a Conflict Between Animal and Environmental Ethics. Ethics, Place and Environment 6(1): 13-26.
9. BOWCOTT, O. (2010). Northern Ireland Bans Hare Coursing. Available at http:/jwww.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/jun/23/northern-ireland-bans-hare-coursing-Accessed on 9 November 2012.
10. BROWN, C.S. (1995). Anthropocentrism and Ecocentrism: The Quest for a New Worldview. Midwest Quarterly 36(2): 191-202.
11. BURMS, A (1991). Antropocentrisme En Ecocentrisme. In Liegeos et al., (Eds) Aspecten Van Een Christelijke Sociale Ethiek, Colloquium Over Christelijke Sociale Ethiek Naar Aanleiding Van 100 ]aar Rerum Novarum. Leuven. Bibliotheek van de Faculteit der Godgeleerdheid: 140-144.
12. BURNS, G.L., MACBETH, J. and MOORE, S. (2011). Should Dingoes Die? Principles for Engaging Ecocentric Ethics in Wildlife Tourism Management. Journal of Ecotourism 10(3): 179-196.
13. BUTCHER, J. (2006). A Response to Building a Decommodified Research Paradigm in Tourism: The Contribution of NGOs by Stephen Wearing, Matthew McDonald and Jess Ponting, pubhshed in Joumal of Sustainable Tourism, VoL 13, No. 5, 2005: 424-455. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 14(3): 307-310.
14. CALLICOTT, J.B. (1980). Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair. Environmental Ethics 2: 311-338.
15. CALLICOTT, J.B. (1988). Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Back Together Again. Between the Species 4: 163-169.
16. CALLICOTT, J.B. (1989). In Defense of the Land Ethic. Albany. State University of New York.
17. CARSON, R. (1962). Silent Spring. Boston. Houghton Mifflin.
18. CARTER, A. (2005). Inegahtarian Biocentric Consequentialism, the Minimax Imphcation and Multidimensional Value Theory: A Brief Proposal for a New Direction in Environmental Ethics. Utilitas 17(1): 62-84.
19. CURRY, P. (2011). Ecological Ethics: An Introduction (Second Edition). Cambridge, UK. Polity Press.
20. Dell’ Amore, C. (2008). Black Market Tigers Linked to Thai Temple, Report Says. Available at http://newsJtationalgeographic.comjnews/2008/06/080620-tiger-temple.html-Accessed on 8 November 2012.
21. DESJARDINS, J.R. (2013). Environmental Ethics: An Introduction to Environmental Philosaphy (FifThedition). Belmont, CA. Wadsworth.
22. DIZEREGA, G. (1992). Social Ecology, Deep Ecology, and Liberalism. Critical Review 6(2-3): 305-370.
23. DIZEREGA, G. (1995). Empathy, Society, Nature, and the Relational Self: Deep Ecology and Liberal Modernity. Social Theory and Practice 21(2): 239-269.
24. DOMEIER, M.L., DEWAR, H. and Nasby-Lucas, N. (2003). Mortality Rate of Striped Marlin (Tetrapturus audax) Caught with Recreational Tackle. Marine and Freshwater Research 54: 435-445.
25. DONOVAN, J. (1990). Animal Rights and Feminist Theory. Journal if Women and Culture in Society 15(2): 350-368.
26. DRENTHEN, M. (2011). Ecocentrism as Anthropocentrism. Ethics, POlicy and Environment 14(2): 151-154.
27. ECKERSLEY, R. (1992). Environmentalism and POlitical Theory: Toward an Ecocenhic Approach. Albany. State University of New York.
28. EVANOFF, R. (2007). Bioregionalism and Cross-cultural Dialogue on a Land Ethic. Ethics, Police and Environment 10(2): 141-156.
29. FEIBLEMAN, J.K. (1954). Theory of Integrative Levels. British Journal for the Phi1osaphy of Science 5: 59-66.
30. FENNELL, D.A. (2000). Ecotourism on Trial-The Case of Billfish Angling as Ecotourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8(4): 341-345.
31. FENNELL, D.A. (2012a). Tourism and Animal Rights. Tourism Recreation Research 37(2): 157-166.
32. FENNELL, D.A. (2012b). Tourism tmd Animal Ethics. London. Routledge.
33. FENNELL, D.A. (2012c). Tourism, Animals and Ethics: Utihtarianism. Tourism Recreation Research 37(3): 239-251.
34. FENNELL, D.A. (2013). Contesting the Zoo as a Setting for Ecotourism, and the Design of a First Principle. Journal of Ecotourism 12(1): 1-14.
35. FENNELL, D.A. and NOWACZEK, A. (2010). Moral and Empirical Dimensions of Human-Animal Interactions in Ecotourism: Deepening an Otherwise Shallow Pool of Debate. Journal of Ecotourism 9(3): 178-189.
36. FENNELL, D.A. and SHEPPARD, V.A. (2011). Another legacy for Canada’s 2010 Olympic and Parlympic Winter Games: Applying an Ethical Lens to the Post-games’ Sled Dog Cull Journal of Ecotourism 10(3): 197-113.
37. FOX, W. (1989). The Deep Ecology-Ecofeminism Debate and its Parallels. Environmental Ethics 11(1): 5-25.
38. FRENCH, W.C. (1995). Against Biospheric Egalitarianism. Environmental Ethics 17: 39-57.
39. GARNER, R. (2004) Animals, Politics and Morality. New York. Manchester University Press.
40. GRUEN, L. (2010). The Moral Status of Animals. In Zalta E. N. (Ed) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available at http://plato.stanford.edujentriesjmoral-animal/-Accessed on 7 September 2011.
41. HARDIN, G. (1968). The Tragedy of the Commons. Science 162: 1243-1248.
42. HETTINGER, N. and THROOP, B. (1999). Refocusing Ecocentrism: De-emphasising Stabihty and Defending Wildness. Environmental Ethics 21: 3-21.
43. HOLDEN, A. (2003). In Need of a New Environmental Ethics for Tourism? Annals of Tourism Research 30(1): 95-108.
44. HOLLAND, S.M., DITTON, RB. and GRAEFE, AR (2000). A Response to ‘Ecotourism on Trial: The Case of Billfish Anghng as Ecotourism’. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8(4): 346-351.
45. HOLLAND, S.M., DITTON, RB. and GRAEFE, AR (1998). An Ecotourism Perspective in Billfish Fisheries. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 6(2): 97-116.
46. HUGHES, P. (2001). Animals, Values and Tourism-Structural Shifts in UK Dolphin Tourism Provision. Tourism Management 22: 321-329.
47. HULL, RB., RICHERT, D, SEEKAMP, E., ROBERTSON, D. and BUHYOFF, G.J. (2003). Understandings of Environmental Quality: Vmbiguities and Values Held by Environmental Professionals. Environmental Management 31(1): 1-13.
48. HUMPHREY, M. (2000). ‘Nature’ in Deep Ecology and Social Ecology: Contesting the Core. Journal of Political Idealogies 5(2): 247-268.
49. HUNTINGFORD, F., ADAMS, C., BRAITHWAITE, V.A, KADRI, S., POTTINGER, T.G., SANDOE, P. and TURNBULL, J.F. (2007). The Implications of Feelings-based Approach to Fish Welfare: A Reply to Arhnghaus et al. Fish and Fisheries 8(3): 277-280.
50. JACKSON, S. (2007). Attitudes Towards the Environment and Ecotourism of Stakeholders in the UK Tourism Industry with Particular Reference to Ornithological Tour Operators. Journal of Ecotourism 6(1): 34-66.
51. JOHNSON, L. (1991). A Marally Deep World. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
52. KALTENBORN, B.P., ANDERSON, O. and NELLEMANN, C. (2008). Resident Attitudes Towards Mountain Second-home Tourism Development in Norway: The Effects of Environmental Attitudes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 16(6): 664-680.
53. KONTOGEORGOPOULOS, N. (2009). Wildhfe Tourism in Semi-captive Settings: A Case Study of Elephant Camps in Northern Thailand. Current Issues in Tourism 12(5&6): 429-449.
54. LEHMAN, S. (1981). Do Wildernesses Have Rights? Environmental Ethics 3: 129-146.
55. LEOPOLD, A. (1933a). Game Management. New York. MacMillan.
56. LEOPOLD, A. (1933b). The Conservation Ethic. Journal of Farestry 31: 634-641.
57. LEOPOLD, A (1970). A Sand Caunty Almanac with essays an Canservatian fram Raund River. New York. Ballantine Books.
58. LEOPOLD, A. (2004). Living with the Land Ethic. BioScience 54(2): 149-154.
59. LOFTIN, RW. (1985). The Medical Treatment of Wild Animals. Environmental Ethics 7: 231-239.
60. LOVELOCK, J.E. (1979). Gaia: A New Look at Life an Earth. Oxford. Oxford University Press.
61. MCKIE, R (2009). Shark Fin Ban Ends Cruel Slaughter. Available at http://www.guardian.eo.uk/environment/2009/oct/11/uk-sharl<-finning-ban-extinct-Accessed on 8 November 2012.
62. MEHMETOGL U, M. (2009). Predictors of Sustainable Consumption in a Tourism Context: A CHAID Approach. Advances in Hospitality and Leisure 5: 3-23.
63. MORRIS, M.C. and THORNHILL, RH. (2006). Animal Liberationist Responses to Non-anthropogenic Animal Suffering. Worldviews 10(3): 355-379.
64. NAESS, A. (1984). A Defence of the Deep Ecology Movement. Environmental Ethics 6(3): 265-270.
65. NASH, RF. (1989). The Rights of Nature: A Histary of Environmental Ethics. Madison. The University of Wisconsin Press.
66. NELSON, M.P. (2004). Teaching the Land Ethic. Worldviews 8(2&3): 353-365.
67. NORTON, B.C. (1984). Environmental Ethics and Weak Anthropocentrism. Environmental Ethics 6(2): 131-148.
68. O’Neil, R (2000). Animal Liberation Versus Environmentahsm: The Care Solution. Environmental Ethics 22: 183-190.
69. OUDERKIRK, W. (2000). “Forever Wild” and Wild Philosophy: The Adirondacks and Environmental Ethics. Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies (Fall/Winter): 23-29.
70. PAYNE, P.G. (2010). The Globally Great Moral Challenge: Ecocentric Democracy, Values, Morals and Meaning. Environmental Education Research 16(1): 153-171.
71. REGAN, T. (2004). The Case far Animal Rights. Berkeley. University of California Press.
72. ROLSTON H., III (1981). Values in Nature. Environmental Ethics 3: 113-128.
73. ROLSTON H., III (1975). Is There an Ecological Ethic? Ethics: An International Journal of Sacial, Political, and Legal Philosophy 18(2): 93-109.
74. ROWE, S. (1994). Ecocenrtrism: The Responsive Chord. Trumpeter 11(2). Available at http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/articlejviewArticle/330/508-Accessed on 4 November 2012.
75. ROWE, J.S. (1997). From Reductionism to Hohsm in Ecology and Deep Ecology. The Ecalagist 27(4): 147-151.
76. SAGOFF, M. (1984). Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce. Osgoode Hall Law JoUrnal 22: 297-307.
77. SCHMIDT, R.H. (1990). Why Do We Debate Animal Rights? Wildlife Society Butletin 18: 459-461.
78. SCRUTON, R. (2000). Animal Rights and Wrongs (Third Edition). London. Metro Books.
79. SESSIONS, G. (1995). Ecocentrism and the Anthropocentric De-tour. In Sessions, G. (Ed) Deep Ecology for the Twenty-First Century. Boston. Shambala: 156-183.
80. SHANI, A. and PIZAM, A. (2008). Towards an Ethical Framework for Animal-based Attractions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 20(6): 679-693.
81. SINGER, P. (2009). Animal liberation: The Definitive classic of the Animal Movement. Toronto. Harper Perennial.
82. STEVERSON, B.K. (1994). Ecocentrism and Ecological Modelling. Environmental Ethics 16: 71-88.
83. TAYLOR, P. (1986). Respect for Nature. Princeton. Princeton University Press.
84. THOMPSON, J., SHIRREFFS, L. and MCPHAIL, L (2003). Dingoes on Fraser Island-Tourism Dream or Management Nightmare. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 8: 37-47.
85. WEARING, S., MCDONALD, M. and PONTING, J. (2005). Building a Decoiiliii.odified Research Paradigm in Tourism: The Contribution of NGOs. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 13(5): 424-455.
86. WHITE, Jr, L.T. (1967). The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis. Science 155 (3767): 1203-1207.
87. YUDINA, O. and FENNELL, D.A. (2013). Ecofeminism in the Tourism Context: A Discussion of the Use of Other-than-human Animals as Food in Tourism. Tourism Recreation Research 38(1): 55-70.