메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 7, 2016, Pages 1674-1685.e1

Evaluation of Crushed Tablet for Oral Administration and the Effect of Food on Apixaban Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Adults

Author keywords

apixaban; bioavailability; crushed tablet; food effect; formulation; stability

Indexed keywords

ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; APIXABAN; CORTICOSTEROID; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10A INHIBITOR; PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVE; PYRIDONE DERIVATIVE; TABLET;

EID: 84978286872     PISSN: 01492918     EISSN: 1879114X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.05.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 35848929515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-oxo-6-(4-(2-oxopiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H -pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide (apixaban, BMS-562247), a highly potent, selective, efficacious, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa
    • 1 Pinto, D.J., Orwat, M.J., Koch, S., et al. Discovery of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-oxo-6-(4-(2-oxopiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H -pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide (apixaban, BMS-562247), a highly potent, selective, efficacious, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa. J Med Chem 50 (2007), 5339–5356.
    • (2007) J Med Chem , vol.50 , pp. 5339-5356
    • Pinto, D.J.1    Orwat, M.J.2    Koch, S.3
  • 2
    • 42149172523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban, an oral, direct and highly selective factor Xa inhibitor: in vitro, an-ti-throm-bot-ic and antihemostatic studies
    • 2 Wong, P.C., Crain, E.J., Xin, B., et al. Apixaban, an oral, direct and highly selective factor Xa inhibitor: in vitro, an-ti-throm-bot-ic and antihemostatic studies. J Thromb Haemost 6 (2008), 820–829.
    • (2008) J Thromb Haemost , vol.6 , pp. 820-829
    • Wong, P.C.1    Crain, E.J.2    Xin, B.3
  • 3
    • 79952301326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • 3 Connolly, S.J., Eikelboom, J., Joyner, C., et al. Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 364 (2011), 806–817.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 806-817
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Eikelboom, J.2    Joyner, C.3
  • 4
    • 80052825103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • 4 Granger, C.B., Alexander, J.H., McMurray, J.J., et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365 (2011), 981–992.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 981-992
    • Granger, C.B.1    Alexander, J.H.2    McMurray, J.J.3
  • 5
    • 68249158084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban or enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement
    • 5 Lassen, M.R., Raskob, G.E., Gallus, A., et al. Apixaban or enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement. N Engl J Med 361 (2009), 594–604.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 594-604
    • Lassen, M.R.1    Raskob, G.E.2    Gallus, A.3
  • 6
    • 77649113258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement (ADVANCE-2): a randomised double-blind trial
    • 6 Lassen, M.R., Raskob, G.E., Gallus, A., et al. Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after knee replacement (ADVANCE-2): a randomised double-blind trial. Lancet 375 (2010), 807–815.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 807-815
    • Lassen, M.R.1    Raskob, G.E.2    Gallus, A.3
  • 7
    • 78650587760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after hip replacement
    • 7 Lassen, M.R., Gallus, A., Raskob, G.E., et al. Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after hip replacement. N Engl J Med 363 (2010), 2487–2498.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 2487-2498
    • Lassen, M.R.1    Gallus, A.2    Raskob, G.E.3
  • 8
    • 84880327613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism
    • 8 Agnelli, G., Buller, H.R., Cohen, A., et al. Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 369 (2013), 799–808.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 799-808
    • Agnelli, G.1    Buller, H.R.2    Cohen, A.3
  • 9
    • 84873596181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism
    • 9 Agnelli, G., Buller, H.R., Cohen, A., et al. Apixaban for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 368 (2013), 699–708.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 699-708
    • Agnelli, G.1    Buller, H.R.2    Cohen, A.3
  • 10
    • 84878923807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in subjects with renal impairment
    • 10 Chang, M., Yu, Z., Shenker, A., et al. Apixaban pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in subjects with renal impairment. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 1 (2012), 185–186.
    • (2012) Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev , vol.1 , pp. 185-186
    • Chang, M.1    Yu, Z.2    Shenker, A.3
  • 11
    • 77952718747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of apixaban in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment
    • 11 Frost, C., Yu, Z., Wang, J., Single-dose safety and pharmacokinetics of apixaban in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 85(suppl 1), 2009, S34.
    • (2009) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.85 , pp. S34
    • Frost, C.1    Yu, Z.2    Wang, J.3
  • 12
    • 84878952383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple oral doses of apixaban, a factor Xa inhibitor, in healthy subjects
    • 12 Frost, C., Nepal, S., Wang, J., et al. Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple oral doses of apixaban, a factor Xa inhibitor, in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 76 (2013), 776–786.
    • (2013) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.76 , pp. 776-786
    • Frost, C.1    Nepal, S.2    Wang, J.3
  • 13
    • 84930086872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and sex on the single-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of apixaban
    • 13 Frost, C.E., Song, Y., Shenker, A., et al. Effects of age and sex on the single-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of apixaban. Clin Pharmacokinet 54 (2015), 651–662.
    • (2015) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.54 , pp. 651-662
    • Frost, C.E.1    Song, Y.2    Shenker, A.3
  • 14
    • 84876996914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of extremes of body weight on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of apixaban in healthy subjects
    • 14 Upreti, V.V., Wang, J., Barrett, Y.C., et al. Effect of extremes of body weight on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of apixaban in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 5 (2013), 59–66.
    • (2013) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 59-66
    • Upreti, V.V.1    Wang, J.2    Barrett, Y.C.3
  • 15
    • 84904013662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple doses of apixaban in healthy Japanese male subjects
    • 15 Yamahira, N., Frost, C., Fukase, H., et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple doses of apixaban in healthy Japanese male subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 52 (2014), 564–573.
    • (2014) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.52 , pp. 564-573
    • Yamahira, N.1    Frost, C.2    Fukase, H.3
  • 16
    • 84872260247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor: single-dose safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and food effect in healthy subjects
    • 16 Frost, C., Wang, J., Nepal, S., et al. Apixaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor: single-dose safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and food effect in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 75 (2013), 476–487.
    • (2013) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 476-487
    • Frost, C.1    Wang, J.2    Nepal, S.3
  • 17
    • 84978272513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ® (apixaban) tablets. Prescribing information. . Accessed March 20, 2014.
    • ® (apixaban) tablets. Prescribing information. http://packageinserts.bms.com/pi/pi_eliquis.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2014.
  • 18
    • 84940493291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the sites of gastrointestinal absorption of apixaban in healthy subjects
    • (Abstract 1703161)
    • 18 Frost, C., Wang, X., Nepal, S., et al. Assessment of the sites of gastrointestinal absorption of apixaban in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev, 2, 2013, 19 (Abstract 1703161).
    • (2013) Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev , vol.2 , pp. 19
    • Frost, C.1    Wang, X.2    Nepal, S.3
  • 19
    • 58149458160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban metabolism and pharmacokinetics after oral administration to humans
    • 19 Raghavan, N., Frost, C.E., Yu, Z., et al. Apixaban metabolism and pharmacokinetics after oral administration to humans. Drug Metab Dispos 37 (2009), 74–81.
    • (2009) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.37 , pp. 74-81
    • Raghavan, N.1    Frost, C.E.2    Yu, Z.3
  • 20
    • 67650809062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative metabolism of 14C-labeled apixaban in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and humans
    • 20 Zhang, D., He, K., Raghavan, N., et al. Comparative metabolism of 14C-labeled apixaban in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and humans. Drug Metab Dispos 37 (2009), 1738–1748.
    • (2009) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.37 , pp. 1738-1748
    • Zhang, D.1    He, K.2    Raghavan, N.3
  • 21
    • 57449086523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban does not affect the pharmacokinetics of digoxin
    • 21 Frost, C., Wang, J., Nepal, S., Apixaban does not affect the pharmacokinetics of digoxin. J Clin Pharmacol, 47, 2007, 1196.
    • (2007) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 1196
    • Frost, C.1    Wang, J.2    Nepal, S.3
  • 22
    • 84928312539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ketoconazole and diltiazem on the pharmacokinetics of apixaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor
    • 22 Frost, C.E., Byon, W., Song, Y., et al. Effect of ketoconazole and diltiazem on the pharmacokinetics of apixaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor. Br J Clin Pharmacol 79 (2015), 838–846.
    • (2015) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.79 , pp. 838-846
    • Frost, C.E.1    Byon, W.2    Song, Y.3
  • 23
    • 84964313589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effect of naproxen on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of apixaban
    • 23 Frost, C., Shenker, A., Gandhi, M.D., et al. Evaluation of the effect of naproxen on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of apixaban. Br J Clin Pharmacol 78 (2014), 877–885.
    • (2014) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.78 , pp. 877-885
    • Frost, C.1    Shenker, A.2    Gandhi, M.D.3
  • 24
    • 84876996914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of famotidine on the pharmacokinetics of apixaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor
    • 24 Upreti, V.V., Song, Y., Wang, J., et al. Effect of famotidine on the pharmacokinetics of apixaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor. Clin Pharmacol 5 (2013), 59–66.
    • (2013) Clin Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 59-66
    • Upreti, V.V.1    Song, Y.2    Wang, J.3
  • 25
    • 77956333798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of apixaban, an oral direct inhibitor of factor Xa [abstract]
    • 25 Vakkalagadda, B., Frost, C., Wang, J., et al. Effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of apixaban, an oral direct inhibitor of factor Xa [abstract]. J Clin Pharmacol 49 (2009), 1091–1130.
    • (2009) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 1091-1130
    • Vakkalagadda, B.1    Frost, C.2    Wang, J.3
  • 26
    • 76749166335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro assessment of metabolic drug-drug interaction potential of apixaban through cytochrome P450 phenotyping, inhibition, and induction studies
    • 26 Wang, L., Zhang, D., Raghavan, N., et al. In vitro assessment of metabolic drug-drug interaction potential of apixaban through cytochrome P450 phenotyping, inhibition, and induction studies. Drug Metab Dispos 38 (2010), 448–458.
    • (2010) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.38 , pp. 448-458
    • Wang, L.1    Zhang, D.2    Raghavan, N.3
  • 27
    • 84875859352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of efflux transporters involved in distribution and disposition of apixaban
    • 27 Zhang, D., He, K., Herbst, J., et al. Characterization of efflux transporters involved in distribution and disposition of apixaban. Drug Metab Dispos 41 (2013), 827–835.
    • (2013) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.41 , pp. 827-835
    • Zhang, D.1    He, K.2    Herbst, J.3
  • 28
    • 0026334735 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of swallowing complaints and clinical findings among 50-79-year-old men and women in an urban population
    • 28 Lindgren, S., Janzon, L., Prevalence of swallowing complaints and clinical findings among 50-79-year-old men and women in an urban population. Dysphagia 6 (1991), 187–192.
    • (1991) Dysphagia , vol.6 , pp. 187-192
    • Lindgren, S.1    Janzon, L.2
  • 29
    • 0019791387 scopus 로고
    • Manometric oesophageal function, acid perfusion test and symptomatology in a 55-year-old general population
    • 29 Kjellen, G., Tibbling, L., Manometric oesophageal function, acid perfusion test and symptomatology in a 55-year-old general population. Clin Physiol 1 (1981), 405–415.
    • (1981) Clin Physiol , vol.1 , pp. 405-415
    • Kjellen, G.1    Tibbling, L.2
  • 30
    • 0025250274 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of subjective dysphagia in community residents aged over 87
    • 30 Bloem, B.R., Lagaay, A.M., van, B.W., et al. Prevalence of subjective dysphagia in community residents aged over 87. BMJ 300 (1990), 721–722.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.300 , pp. 721-722
    • Bloem, B.R.1    Lagaay, A.M.2    van, B.W.3
  • 31
    • 11244353626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of dysphagia among community-dwelling elderly individuals as estimated using a questionnaire for dysphagia screening
    • 31 Kawashima, K., Motohashi, Y., Fujishima, I., Prevalence of dysphagia among community-dwelling elderly individuals as estimated using a questionnaire for dysphagia screening. Dysphagia 19 (2004), 266–271.
    • (2004) Dysphagia , vol.19 , pp. 266-271
    • Kawashima, K.1    Motohashi, Y.2    Fujishima, I.3
  • 32
    • 42149085147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysphagia: epidemiology, risk factors and impact on quality of life–a population-based study
    • 32 Eslick, G.D., Talley, N.J., Dysphagia: epidemiology, risk factors and impact on quality of life–a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 27 (2008), 971–979.
    • (2008) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.27 , pp. 971-979
    • Eslick, G.D.1    Talley, N.J.2
  • 33
    • 84876716107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Difficulties swallowing solid oral dosage forms in a general practice population: prevalence, causes, and relationship to dosage forms
    • 33 Schiele, J.T., Quinzler, R., Klimm, H.D., et al. Difficulties swallowing solid oral dosage forms in a general practice population: prevalence, causes, and relationship to dosage forms. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 69 (2013), 937–948.
    • (2013) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.69 , pp. 937-948
    • Schiele, J.T.1    Quinzler, R.2    Klimm, H.D.3
  • 34
    • 84904417157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do difficulties in swallowing medication impede the use of hydroxyurea in children?
    • 34 Bekele, E., Thornburg, C.D., Brandow, A.M., et al. Do difficulties in swallowing medication impede the use of hydroxyurea in children?. Pediatr Blood Cancer 61 (2014), 1536–1539.
    • (2014) Pediatr Blood Cancer , vol.61 , pp. 1536-1539
    • Bekele, E.1    Thornburg, C.D.2    Brandow, A.M.3
  • 35
    • 84892806369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swallowing difficulties with oral drugs among polypharmacy patients attending community pharmacies
    • 35 Marquis, J., Schneider, M.P., Payot, V., et al. Swallowing difficulties with oral drugs among polypharmacy patients attending community pharmacies. Int J Clin Pharm 35 (2013), 1130–1136.
    • (2013) Int J Clin Pharm , vol.35 , pp. 1130-1136
    • Marquis, J.1    Schneider, M.P.2    Payot, V.3
  • 36
    • 80755133845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicine administration errors in patients with dysphagia in secondary care: a multi-centre observational study
    • 36 Kelly, J., Wright, D., Wood, J., Medicine administration errors in patients with dysphagia in secondary care: a multi-centre observational study. J Adv Nurs 67 (2011), 2615–2627.
    • (2011) J Adv Nurs , vol.67 , pp. 2615-2627
    • Kelly, J.1    Wright, D.2    Wood, J.3
  • 37
    • 84978264890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ® (dabigatran etexilate mesylate) capsules. Prescribing information. . Accessed March 3, 2015.
    • ® (dabigatran etexilate mesylate) capsules. Prescribing information. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/022512s017lbl.pdf. Accessed March 3, 2015.
  • 38
    • 0035997323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biopharmaceutics Classification System: the scientific basis for biowaiver extensions
    • 38 Yu, L.X., Amidon, G.L., Polli, J.E., et al. Biopharmaceutics Classification System: the scientific basis for biowaiver extensions. Pharm Res 19 (2002), 921–925.
    • (2002) Pharm Res , vol.19 , pp. 921-925
    • Yu, L.X.1    Amidon, G.L.2    Polli, J.E.3
  • 39
    • 80052351015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical discovery of apixaban, a direct and orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitor
    • 39 Wong, P.C., Pinto, D.J., Zhang, D., Preclinical discovery of apixaban, a direct and orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitor. J Thromb Thrombolysis 31 (2011), 478–492.
    • (2011) J Thromb Thrombolysis , vol.31 , pp. 478-492
    • Wong, P.C.1    Pinto, D.J.2    Zhang, D.3
  • 40
    • 84978268605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ® (warfarin sodium) tablets. Prescribing information. . Accessed March 3, 2015.
    • ® (warfarin sodium) tablets. Prescribing information. http://packageinserts.bms.com/pi/pi_coumadin.pdf. Accessed March 3, 2015.
  • 41
    • 33645779998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of food, an antacid, and the H2 antagonist ranitidine on the absorption of BAY 59-7939 (rivaroxaban), an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, in healthy subjects
    • 41 Kubitza, D., Becka, M., Zuehlsdorf, M., et al. Effect of food, an antacid, and the H2 antagonist ranitidine on the absorption of BAY 59-7939 (rivaroxaban), an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 46 (2006), 549–558.
    • (2006) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.46 , pp. 549-558
    • Kubitza, D.1    Becka, M.2    Zuehlsdorf, M.3
  • 42
    • 84978280794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ® (rivaroxaban) tablets. Prescribing information. . Accessed February 6, 2015.
    • ® (rivaroxaban) tablets. Prescribing information. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/022406s015lbl.pdf. Accessed February 6, 2015.
  • 43
    • 84908018905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LC-MS/MS determination of apixaban (BMS-562247) and its major metabolite in human plasma: an application of polarity switching and monolithic HPLC column
    • 43 Pursley, J., Shen, J.X., Schuster, A., et al. LC-MS/MS determination of apixaban (BMS-562247) and its major metabolite in human plasma: an application of polarity switching and monolithic HPLC column. Bioanalysis 6 (2014), 2071–2082.
    • (2014) Bioanalysis , vol.6 , pp. 2071-2082
    • Pursley, J.1    Shen, J.X.2    Schuster, A.3
  • 44
    • 0025958371 scopus 로고
    • Sample size determination for bioequivalence assessment by means of confidence intervals
    • 44 Diletti, E., Hauschke, D., Steinijans, V.W., Sample size determination for bioequivalence assessment by means of confidence intervals. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 29 (1991), 1–8.
    • (1991) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol , vol.29 , pp. 1-8
    • Diletti, E.1    Hauschke, D.2    Steinijans, V.W.3
  • 45
    • 84940567377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative bioavailability of apixaban solution or crushed tablet formulations administered by mouth or nasogastric tube in healthy subjects
    • 45 Song, Y., Wang, X., Perlstein, I., et al. Relative bioavailability of apixaban solution or crushed tablet formulations administered by mouth or nasogastric tube in healthy subjects. Clin Ther 37 (2015), 1703–1712.
    • (2015) Clin Ther , vol.37 , pp. 1703-1712
    • Song, Y.1    Wang, X.2    Perlstein, I.3
  • 46
    • 0036159433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fruit juices inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide-mediated drug uptake to decrease the oral availability of fexofenadine
    • 46 Dresser, G.K., Bailey, D.G., Leake, B.F., et al. Fruit juices inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide-mediated drug uptake to decrease the oral availability of fexofenadine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 71 (2002), 11–20.
    • (2002) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.71 , pp. 11-20
    • Dresser, G.K.1    Bailey, D.G.2    Leake, B.F.3
  • 47
    • 30344487254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of P-glycoprotein and BCRP inhibitors to improve oral bioavailability and CNS penetration of anticancer drugs
    • 47 Breedveld, P., Beijnen, J.H., Schellens, J.H., Use of P-glycoprotein and BCRP inhibitors to improve oral bioavailability and CNS penetration of anticancer drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27 (2006), 17–24.
    • (2006) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.27 , pp. 17-24
    • Breedveld, P.1    Beijnen, J.H.2    Schellens, J.H.3
  • 48
    • 34249037098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting effect of food on extent of drug absorption based on physicochemical properties
    • 48 Gu, C.H., Li, H., Levons, J., et al. Predicting effect of food on extent of drug absorption based on physicochemical properties. Pharm Res 24 (2007), 1118–1130.
    • (2007) Pharm Res , vol.24 , pp. 1118-1130
    • Gu, C.H.1    Li, H.2    Levons, J.3
  • 49
    • 22244474969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of trospium chloride
    • 49 Doroshyenko, O., Jetter, A., Odenthal, K.P., et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of trospium chloride. Clin Pharmacokinet 44 (2005), 701–720.
    • (2005) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.44 , pp. 701-720
    • Doroshyenko, O.1    Jetter, A.2    Odenthal, K.P.3
  • 50
    • 84867101894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic investigation of food effect on disintegration and dissolution of BCS class III compound solid formulations: the importance of viscosity
    • 50 Radwan, A., Amidon, G.L., Langguth, P., Mechanistic investigation of food effect on disintegration and dissolution of BCS class III compound solid formulations: the importance of viscosity. Biopharm Drug Dispos 33 (2012), 403–416.
    • (2012) Biopharm Drug Dispos , vol.33 , pp. 403-416
    • Radwan, A.1    Amidon, G.L.2    Langguth, P.3
  • 51
    • 0036000312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanistic approach to understanding the factors affecting drug absorption: a review of fundamentals
    • 51 Martinez, M.N., Amidon, G.L., A mechanistic approach to understanding the factors affecting drug absorption: a review of fundamentals. J Clin Pharmacol 42 (2002), 620–643.
    • (2002) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 620-643
    • Martinez, M.N.1    Amidon, G.L.2
  • 52
    • 0034853396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin resistance and enteral feedings: 2 case reports and a supporting in vitro study
    • 52 Penrod, L.E., Allen, J.B., Cabacungan, L.R., Warfarin resistance and enteral feedings: 2 case reports and a supporting in vitro study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82 (2001), 1270–1273.
    • (2001) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.82 , pp. 1270-1273
    • Penrod, L.E.1    Allen, J.B.2    Cabacungan, L.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.