Styles of Social Media Campaigning and Influence in a Hybrid Political Communication System: Linking Candidate Survey Data with Twitter Data

International Journal of Press/Politics

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 338-357

  Karlsen, Rune ^a   Enjolras, Bernard ^a  

^a INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH   (Norway)

Author keywords

Candidates; Election campaign; Political parties; Social media; Twitter

Indexed keywords

EID: 84977177425     PISSN: 19401612     EISSN: 19401620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1940161216645335     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. R.AgranofRobert, ed. 1972. The New Style in Election Campaigns. Boston: Holbrook Press.
2. E.H.AllernElin H.K.HeidarKnutR.KarlsenRune. 2016. After the Mass Party. Lanham: Lexington.
3. M.BalmasMeitalG.RahatGideonT.SheaferTamirS.R.ShenhavShaul R.2014. “Two Routes to Personalized Politics: Centralized and Decentralized Personalization.”Party Politics20 (1): 37–51.
4. B.J.BroxBrian J.D.R.ShawDaron R.2006. “Political Parties, American Campaigns, and Effects on Outcome.” In Handbook of Party Politics, ed., 146-159. London: Sage.
5. A.BrunsAxel. 2012. “How Long Is a Tweet? Mapping Dynamic Conversation Networks on Twitter Using Gawk and Gephi.”Information, Communication & Society15 (9): 1323–51.
6. J.BurgessJeanA.BrunsAxel. 2012. “(Not) the Twitter Election: The Dynamics of the #ausvotes Conversation in Relation to the Australian Media Ecology.”Journalism Practice6 (3): 384–402.
7. M.ChaMeeyoungH.HaddadiHamedF.BenevenutoFabricioK.P.GummadKrishna P.2010. “Measuring User Influence on Twitter: The Million Follower Fallacy.” In Proceedings of the 4th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. Washington, DC, 23–26. http://www.icwsm.org/2010/papers.shtml
8. A.ChadwickAndrew. 2013. The Hybrid Media System. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. A.ChadwickAndrewJ.DennisJamesA.SmithAmy. 2016. “Politics in the Age of Hybrid Media.” In The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics, ed. 7-22. New York: Routledge.
10. F.ChiFengN.Yang.Nathan2010. Twitter in Congress: Outreach vs. Transparency. MPRA Paper Series, 23597. Munich: University Library of Munich.
11. F.ChiFengN.YangNathan. 2011. “Twitter Adoption in Congress.”Review of Network Economics10 (1): 1–20.
12. R.J.DaltonRussell J.M.P.WattenbergMartin P.2000. Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13. B.EnjolrasBernardR.KarlsenRuneK.Steen-JohnsenKariD.WollebækDag. 2013. Liker–liker ikke. Oslo: Cappelen Damm.
14. D.FarrellDavidP.WebbPaul. 2000. “Political Parties as Campaign Organizations.” In Parties without Partisans, ed., 102-128. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15. J.J.FosterJeremy J.2006. “Factor Analysis.” In The Sage Dictionary of Social Research Methods, ed., 115-116. London: Sage.
16. R.GibsonRachel. 2015. “Party Change, Social Media and the Rise of ‘Citizen-Initiated’ Campaigning.”Party Politics21 (2): 183–97.
17. R.GibsonRachelS.WardStephen. 2009. “Parties in the Digital Age—A Review Article.”Representation45:87–100.
18. M.E.GlassmanMatthew EricJ.R.StrausJacob R.C.J.ShoganColleen J.2010. “Social Networking and Constituent Communications: Member Use of Twitter during a Two-Month Period in the 111th Congress.”Journal of Communication Research2 (2–3): 219–33.
19. J.GolbeckJenniferJ.M.GrimesJustin M.A.RogersAnthony. 2010. “Twitter Use by the U.S. Congress.”Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology61 (8): 1612–21.
20. T.GrahamToddD.JacksonDanM.Broersma.Marcel2014. “New Platform, Old Habits? Candidates’ Use of Twitter During the 2010 British and Dutch General Election Campaigns.”New Media & Society. Published electronically August12, 2014. doi:10.1177/1461444814546728.
21. W.J.GrantWill J.B.MoonBrendaJ.BusbyJanie. 2010. “Digital Dialogue? Australian Politicians’ Use of the Social Network Tool Twitter.”Australian Journal of Political Science45 (4): 579–604.
22. D.C.HallinDaniel C.P.ManciniPaolo. 2004. Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
23. D.HopkinsDanielG.KingGary. 2010. “A Method of Automated Nonparametric Content Analysis for Social Science.”American Journal of Political Science54 (1): 229–47.
24. N.JacksonNigelD.LillekerDarren. 2011. “Microblogging, Constituency Service and Impression Management: UK MPs and the Use of Twitter.”The Journal of Legislative Studies17 (1): 86–105.
25. R.KarlsenRune. 2011. “A Platform for Individualized Campaigning? Social Media and Parliamentary Candidates in the Party-Centered Norwegian Campaign.”Policy & Internet3 (4): 1–25.
26. R.KarlsenRune. 2013. “Obama’s Online Success and European Party Organizations: Adoption and Adaptation of US Online Practices in the Norwegian Labor Party.”Journal of Information Technology & Politics10:158–70.
27. R.KarlsenRune. 2015. “Followers are Opinion Leaders: The Role of People in the Flow of Political Communication on and beyond Social Networking Sites.”European Journal of Communication30:301–18.
28. R.KarlsenRuneE.SkogerbøEli. 2015. “Candidate Campaigning in Parliamentary Systems: Individualized vs. Localized Campaigning.”Party Politics21:428–39.
29. R.S.KatzRichard S.P.MairPeter. 1995. “Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party.”Party Politics1:5–28.
30. H.KriesiHanspeter. 2012. “Personalization of National Election Campaigns.”Party Politics18:825–44.
31. A.LarssonAndersB.KalsnesBente. 2015. “‘Of Course We Are on Facebook’—Use and Non-Use of Social Media among Swedish and Norwegian Politicians.”European Journal of Communication29 (6): 653–67.
32. A.LarssonAndersH.MoeHallvard. 2012. “Studying Political Microblogging: Twitter Users in the 2010 Swedish Election Campaign.”New Media & Society15 (5): 729–47.
33. H.MoeHallvardA.LarssonAnders. 2013. “Untangling a Complex Media System: A Comparative Study of Twitter-Linking Practices during Three Scandinavian Election Campaigns.”Information, Communication & Society16 (5): 775–94.
34. F.PlasserFritzG.PlasserGunda. 2002. Global Political Campaigning. London: Praeger.
35. T.PoguntkeThomasP.WebbPaul. 2005. The Presidentialization of Democracy: A Study in Comparative Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
36. M.SkovsgaardMortenA.V.DalenArjen van. 2013. “Dodging the Gatekeepers? Social Media in the Campaign Mix during the 2011 Danish Elections.”Information, Communication & Society16 (5): 737–56.
37. N.SpieringsNielsK.JacobsKristof. 2014. “Getting Personal? The Impact of Social Media on Preferential Voting.”Political Behavior36:215–34.
38. B.SuhL.HongP.PirolliE.H.Chi2010. Want to Be Retweeted? Large Scale Analytics on Factors Impacting Retweet in Twitter Network. IEEE Second International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom).
39. D.SwansonDavidP.ManciniPaolo. 1996. Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy. London: Praeger.
40. C.VaccariChristianA.ValerianiAugusto. 2015. “Follow the Leader! Direct and Indirect Flows of Political Communication during the 2013 General Election Campaign.”New Media & Society17 (7): 1025–1042.
41. M.P.WattenbergMartin P.1991. The Rise of Candidate-Centered Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
42. T.ZittelThomas. 2009. “Lost in Technology? Political Parties and Online Campaigns of Constituency Candidates in Germany’s Mixed Member Electoral System.”Journal of Information Technology & Politics6:298–311.
43. T.ZittelThomasT.GschwendThomas. 2008. “Individualized Constituency Campaign in Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: Candidates in the 2005 German Elections.”West European Politics31:978–1003.