The okavango delta: The value of tourism

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 113-127

  Mmopelwa, G ^a   Blignaut, J N ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA   (Botswana)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84976636918     PISSN: 10158812     EISSN: 22223436     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4102/sajems.v9i1.1161     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. ARNTZEN, J. (1998) “Economic valuation of communal rangelands in Botswana: A case study”, CREED Working Paper Series, no. 17. International Institute for Environment and Development: London.
2. ASHTON, P.J.; NORDIN, L. & ALONSO, L.E. (2003) “Chapter 1: Introduction to the Okavango Delta and the AquaRap Expedition: A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High water survey, RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment No. 27”, In Alonso, L.E. & Nordin, L. (eds.) Conservation International: Washington.
3. BARBIER, E.B.; ACREMAN, M. & KNOWER, D. (1997) Economic Valuation of Wetlands: Guide for Policy and Planners, Ramsar Convention Bureau: Gland.
4. BARNES, J.I. (1998) “Wildlife economics. A study of direct use values in Botswana’s wildlife sector”, PhD Thesis, University of London; London.
5. BARNES, J.I.; CANNON, J. & MORRISON, K. “Economic returns to selected land uses in Ngamiland, Botswana”, Conservation International: Maun.
6. BARNES, J.I.; SCHIER, C. & VAN ROOY, G. “Tourists willingness to pay for wildlife viewing and conservation in Namibia”, Directorate of Environmental Affairs. Research Discussion, Paper No. 15, (unpublished paper).
7. BATEMAN, I.J. & LANFORD, I. H. (1997) “Non-users’ willingness to pay for a national park: An application and critique of the contingent valuation method”, Regional Studies, 31: 571582.
8. BATEMAN, I.J.; CARSON, R.T.; DAY, B.; HANEMANN, M.; HETT, T.; JONES-LEE, M.; LOOMES, G.; MOURATO, S.; OZDEMIROGLO, E.; PEARCE, D.W.; SUGDEN, R. & SWANSOON, J. (2002) Economic Valuation with Stated Preference Techniques: A Manual, Edward Elgar: Cheltenham.
9. BLIGNAUT, J.N. & MOOLMAN, C.E. (2004), “Conservation as an alternative land use option towards poverty alleviation: A case study from South Africa”, Paper presented at the Restoring Natural Capital Conference, Port Alfred, 16 September.
10. BLOMQUIST, G.C. & WHITEHEAD, J.C. “Resource quality information and validity of willingness to pay in contingent valuation”, Resource and Energy Economics, 20(2): 179-196
11. CARSON, R.T. (2000) “Contingent valuation: A user’s guide”, Environmental Science and Technology, 34(8): 1413-1418.
12. CHOPRA, K. (1993) “The value of non-timber forest products: An estimation for tropical deciduous forest in India”, Economic Botany, 47(30): 251-257.
13. FOLMER, H.; GABEL, H.L. & OPSCHOOR, H. (1997) Principles of environmental and resource economics, Edward Elgar: London.
14. GUMBRICHT, T; WOLSKI, P.; FROST, P. & MCCARTHY, T.S. (2004) “Forecasting the spatial extent of the annual flood in the Okavango Delta, Botswana”, Journal of Hydrology, 290:178-191.
15. HANLEY, N. & SPLASH, C.N. (1993) Cost Benefit Analysis and the Environment, Edward Elgar: London.
16. HOWARTH, R. & FABER, S. (2002) “Accounting for the value of ecosystem services”, Ecological Economics, 41: 421-429.
17. ISANGKURA, A. (2000) Environmental Valuation: An Entrance pee System for National Parks in Thailand, International Development Research Centre: Ottawa.
18. JORGENSEN, B.S.; SYME, G.J.; BISHOP, B.J. & NAUCARROW, B.E. (1999) “Protest response in contingent valuation”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 14: 131-150.
19. KAHN, J.R. (1997) The Economic Approach to Environmental and Natural Resource, Harcourt Brace College Publishers: New York.
20. KAORU, Y. (1993) “Differentiating use and non-use values for coastal pond water quality improvement”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 3(5): 487-494.
21. KRUG, W; SUICH, H. & HAIMBODI, N. “Park pricing and economic efficiency in Namibia.” Directorate of Environmental Affairs Research Discussion Paper No. 45 (unpublished paper).
22. LOOMIS, J.M.; KENT, P.; STRANGE, L.; FAUSCH, K. & COVICH, A. (2000) “Measuring the total economic value of restoring ecosystem services in an impaired river basin: Results from a contingent valuation survey”, Ecological Economics, 33: 103-117.
23. MASUNDIRE, H.; RINGROSE, S.; SEFE, F.T.K. & VAN DER POST, C. (1998) Botswana Wetlands Policy and Strategy: Inventory of Wetlands of Botswana, National Conservation Strategy Agency, Ministry of Local Government, Lands and Housing: Gaborone.
24. MATHIEU, L.; LANGFORD, A.H. & KENYON, W (2003) “Valuing marine parks in a developing country: A case study of the Seychelles”, Environment and Development Economics, 8(2): 373-390.
25. MBAIWA, J.E. (2002) “The socio-economic and environmental impacts of tourism development on the Okavango Delta, north western Botswana”, Journal of Arid Environment, available online at: http://www.idealibrary.com. (Accessed on 15 February 2006).
26. MBAIWA J.E. (2005) “Enclave tourism and its socio economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana”, Tourism Management, 26: 157-172.
27. MMOPELWA, G.; SEGAMETSE, R. & MOSEPELE, K. (2005a) “Cost benefit analysis of commercial fishing in Shakawe, Ngamiland, Botswana”, Botswana Notes and Records, 37: 11-19
28. MMOPELWA, G.; KGATHI, D.L.; MASAMBA, WR.L & THUKUZA A. (2005b) “Willingness to pay for reliability of water supply and quality in Maun, Botswana: An Application of the Contingent Valuation Method”. Botswana Notes and Records, 37: 97-107.
29. MONNA, S.C. (1999) A pramework for International Cooperation for the Management of the Okavango Basin and Delta, Ramsar COP7 DOC.205, The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. http://www.ramsar.org/cop7doc20.5etm. (Accessed 19 November 2002).
30. MUNASINGHE, M. (1992) “Environmental economics and valuation in development decision making”, Environment Working Paper No. 51, The World Bank: Washington.
31. NAVRUUD, S. & MUNGATANA, E.D. (1994) “Environmental valuation in developing countries: The recreation value of wildlife viewing”, Ecological Economics, 11(2): 135-151.
32. NORTHERN PARKS AND GAME RESERVE STATISTICS (2003). Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism: Maun.
33. OGLETHORPE, D.R. & MILIADOU, D. (2000) “Economic valuation of the non-use attributes of a wetland: A case-study for the Lake Kirkini”, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 43(6): 755-767.
34. PATE, J. & LOOMIS, J. (1997) “The effect of distance on the willingness to pay values: A case study of wetlands and Salmom in California”, Ecological Economics, 20(3): 199-207.
35. PEARCE, D. & MORAN, D. (1994) The Economic Value of Biodiversity, Earthscan Publication: London.
36. PEARCE, D.W. & TURNER, R.K. (1990) Economics of natural resources and the environment, Harvester Wheatsheaf: New York.
37. PERMAN, R.; MA, Y.; MCGILVRAY, J. & COMMON, M. (2003) Natural Resource and Environmental Economics, Pearson Addison Wesley: Harlow.
38. PRATO, T. (1998) Natural resource and environmental economics. Iowa State University Press: Iowa.
39. REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA (1999) An Assessment of the Economic Impact of Tourism in Botswana: Botswana Tourism Development Programme Project No. 7 ACP BT. 4/No. 6 ACP BT 44, Ministry of Commerce and Industry: Gaborone.
40. REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA. (2003) National Development Plan 2003/04-2008/09: Ministry of pinance and Development Planning. Government Printer: Gaborone.
41. REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA. (2004) Annual Economic Review: Ministry of pinance and Development Planning, Government Printer: Gaborone.
42. h October, Department of Wildlife and National Parks and Kalahari Conservation Society: Gaborone.
43. SEENPRACWONG, U. (2000) An Economic Analysis of the Coral reefs in the Andaman Sea of Thailand, International Development Research Centre: Ottawa.
44. SILVIS, M.J., ONEKA, M. & VERHAGEN, A. (2000) “Wetlands: Lifeline for the people at the edge”, Physics, Chemistry and Earth, 25(7-8): 645-652.
45. SUTHERLAND, R.J., WALSH, R.G. (1985) “Effect of distance on preservation of value of water quality”, Land Economics, 61(3): 281-291.
46. TERRY, M.E. (1999) “The economic and social significance of the handicraft industry in Botswana”, PhD Thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London: London.
47. TIETENBERG, T. (2000) Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, Addison-Wesley Longman: Reading.
48. TURNER, R.K.; PEARCE, D., BATEMAN, I. (1994) Environmental Economics: An Elementary Introduction, Harvester Wheatsheaf: New York.
49. TURNER, R.K.; JEROEN, C.J.M.; BERG, V.D.; SODERRQVIST, T; BARENDREGT, A.; STRATEN, J.V.D.; MALTBY, E., VAN IRELAND, E.K. (2000) “Ecological economic analysis of wetlands: Scientific integration for management and policy”, Ecological Economics, (1):7-23.
50. TURPIE, J. (2004) “The role of resource economics in the control of invasive alien plants in South Africa”, South African Journal of Science, 100: 87-93.
51. TURPIE, J.K.; HEYDENRYCH, B.J. & LAMBERTH, S.J. (2003) “Economic value of terrestrial and marine biodiversity in the Cape Floristic Region: Implications for defining effective and socially optimal conservation strategies”, Biological Conservation, 112: 233-251.
52. VENKATACHALAM, L. (2004) “The contingent valuation method: A review”, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 24: 89-124.
53. WHITE, A.T., ROSS, M., FLORES, M. (2000) “Benefits and costs of coral reef in Olango Islands, Philippines”, In CESAR, H.J.S. (ed.) Collected Essays on the Economics of Coral Reefs, http://www.reefbase.org/pdf/cesar_2000/cesar_18.pdf. (Accessed 15 October 2004).