메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2016, Pages

Evaluating the effectiveness of an antimicrobial stewardship program on reducing the incidence rate of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection: A Non-randomized, stepped wedge, single-site, observational study

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CEPHALOSPORIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 84976345887     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157671     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 84928023485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infection
    • PMID: 25875259
    • Leffler DA, Lamont JT. Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372: 1539-1548. doi: 10. 1056/NEJMra1403772 PMID: 25875259
    • (2015) N Engl J Med. , vol.372 , pp. 1539-1548
    • Leffler, D.A.1    Lamont, J.T.2
  • 2
    • 84855601057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hospital-acquired infection with Clostridium difficile on length of stay in hospital
    • PMID: 22143235
    • Forster AJ, Taljaard M, Oake N, Wilson K, Roth V, van Walraven C. The effect of hospital-acquired infection with Clostridium difficile on length of stay in hospital. CMAJ. 2012; 184: 37-42. doi: 10.1503/ cmaj.110543 PMID: 22143235
    • (2012) CMAJ , vol.184 , pp. 37-42
    • Forster, A.J.1    Taljaard, M.2    Oake, N.3    Wilson, K.4    Roth, V.5    Van Walraven, C.6
  • 6
    • 84976413500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Quality Ontario
    • Health Quality Ontario. Public Reporting. 2015.
    • (2015) Public Reporting
  • 7
    • 84922940698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection inside and outside health care institutions
    • PMID: 25582647
    • Gerding DN, Lessa FC. The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection inside and outside health care institutions. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015; 29: 37-50. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2014.11.004 PMID: 25582647
    • (2015) Infect Dis Clin North Am. , vol.29 , pp. 37-50
    • Gerding, D.N.1    Lessa, F.C.2
  • 8
    • 84990308916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost-benefit of federal investment in preventing Clostridium difficile infections through the use of a multifaceted infection control and antimicrobial stewardship program
    • PMID: 25783204
    • Slayton RB, Scott RD, Baggs J, Lessa FC, McDonald LC, Jernigan JA. The cost-benefit of federal investment in preventing Clostridium difficile infections through the use of a multifaceted infection control and antimicrobial stewardship program. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015; 36: 681-687. doi: 10. 1017/ice.2015.43 PMID: 25783204
    • (2015) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.36 , pp. 681-687
    • Slayton, R.B.1    Scott, R.D.2    Baggs, J.3    Lessa, F.C.4    McDonald, L.C.5    Jernigan, J.A.6
  • 9
    • 84958544829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive assessment across the healthcare continuum: Risk of hospital-associated clostridium difficile infection due to outpatient and inpatient antibiotic exposure
    • Tartof SY, Rieg GK, Wei R, Tseng HF, Jacobsen SJ, Yu KC. A Comprehensive Assessment Across the Healthcare Continuum: Risk of Hospital-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection Due to Outpatient and Inpatient Antibiotic Exposure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015: 1-8.
    • (2015) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , pp. 1-8
    • Tartof, S.Y.1    Rieg, G.K.2    Wei, R.3    Tseng, H.F.4    Jacobsen, S.J.5    Yu, K.C.6
  • 10
    • 84928188666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital ward antibiotic prescribing and the risks of clostridium difficile infection
    • Brown K, Valenta K, Fisman D, Simor A, Daneman N. Hospital Ward Antibiotic Prescribing and the Risks of Clostridium difficile Infection. JAMA Intern Med. 2015.
    • (2015) JAMA Intern Med.
    • Brown, K.1    Valenta, K.2    Fisman, D.3    Simor, A.4    Daneman, N.5
  • 11
    • 80755123366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benchmarking risk-adjusted adult antibacterial drug use in 70 US academic medical center hospitals
    • PMID: 21998281
    • Polk RE, Hohmann SF, Medvedev S, Ibrahim O. Benchmarking risk-adjusted adult antibacterial drug use in 70 US academic medical center hospitals. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 53: 1100-1110. doi: 10.1093/ cid/cir672 PMID: 21998281
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.53 , pp. 1100-1110
    • Polk, R.E.1    Hohmann, S.F.2    Medvedev, S.3    Ibrahim, O.4
  • 12
    • 84858802951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS)
    • Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society PMID: 22418625
    • Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012; 33: 322-327. doi: 10.1086/665010 PMID: 22418625
    • (2012) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.33 , pp. 322-327
  • 13
    • 84886995583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients
    • PMID: 23633313
    • Davey P, Brown E, Charani E, Fenelon L, Gould IM, Holmes A, et al. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 4: CD003543. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003543.pub3 PMID: 23633313
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.4 , pp. CD003543
    • Davey, P.1    Brown, E.2    Charani, E.3    Fenelon, L.4    Gould, I.M.5    Holmes, A.6
  • 14
    • 84901214898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antibiotic stewardship programmes on Clostridium difficile incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • PMID: 24633207
    • Feazel LM, Malhotra A, Perencevich EN, Kaboli P, Diekema DJ, Schweizer ML. Effect of antibiotic stewardship programmes on Clostridium difficile incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014; 69: 1748-1754. doi: 10.1093/jac/dku046 PMID: 24633207
    • (2014) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.69 , pp. 1748-1754
    • Feazel, L.M.1    Malhotra, A.2    Perencevich, E.N.3    Kaboli, P.4    Diekema, D.J.5    Schweizer, M.L.6
  • 15
    • 84934274324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Clostridium difficile infection among pneumonia and urinary tract infection hospitalizations: An analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
    • 254-015-0925-0929
    • Becerra MB, Becerra BJ, Banta JE, Safdar N. Impact of Clostridium difficile infection among pneumonia and urinary tract infection hospitalizations: an analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. BMC Infect Dis. 2015; 15: 254-015-0925-9.
    • (2015) BMC Infect Dis. , vol.15
    • Becerra, M.B.1    Becerra, B.J.2    Banta, J.E.3    Safdar, N.4
  • 16
    • 84988847766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goldenberg SD contamination of the hospital environment from potential clostridium difficile excretors without active infection
    • PMID: 25857829
    • Biswas JS, Patel A, Otter JA, van Kleef E, Goldenberg SD. Contamination of the Hospital Environment From Potential Clostridium difficile Excretors Without Active Infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015; 36: 975-977. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.79 PMID: 25857829
    • (2015) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.36 , pp. 975-977
    • Biswas, J.S.1    Patel, A.2    Otter, J.A.3    Van Kleef, E.4
  • 17
    • 84884510020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse sources of C. Difficile infection identified on whole-genome sequencing
    • PMID: 24066741
    • Eyre DW, Cule ML, Wilson DJ, Griffiths D, Vaughan A, O'Connor L, et al. Diverse sources of C. difficile infection identified on whole-genome sequencing. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 1195-1205. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMoa1216064 PMID: 24066741
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 1195-1205
    • Eyre, D.W.1    Cule, M.L.2    Wilson, D.J.3    Griffiths, D.4    Vaughan, A.5    O'Connor, L.6
  • 18
    • 84906935792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial usage in English NHS hospitals as part of a national antimicrobial stewardship programme
    • PMID: 25132393
    • Cooke J, Stephens P, Ashiru-Oredope D, Johnson AP, Livermore DM, Sharland M, et al. Antibacterial usage in English NHS hospitals as part of a national Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme. Public Health. 2014; 128: 693-697. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.06.023 PMID: 25132393
    • (2014) Public Health , vol.128 , pp. 693-697
    • Cooke, J.1    Stephens, P.2    Ashiru-Oredope, D.3    Johnson, A.P.4    Livermore, D.M.5    Sharland, M.6
  • 20
    • 84938287513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluoroquinolone restriction (from 2007 to 2012) on Clostridium difficile infections: Interrupted time-series analysis
    • PMID: 26169793
    • Sarma JB, Marshall B, Cleeve V, Tate D, Oswald T, Woolfrey S. Effects of fluoroquinolone restriction (from 2007 to 2012) on Clostridium difficile infections: interrupted time-series analysis. J Hosp Infect. 2015; 91: 74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.05.013 PMID: 26169793
    • (2015) J Hosp Infect , vol.91 , pp. 74-80
    • Sarma, J.B.1    Marshall, B.2    Cleeve, V.3    Tate, D.4    Oswald, T.5    Woolfrey, S.6
  • 21
    • 84929752074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the association between an antimicrobial stewardship score and antimicrobial usage
    • PMID: 25614043
    • Pakyz AL, Moczygemba LR, Wang H, Stevens MP, Edmond MB. An evaluation of the association between an antimicrobial stewardship score and antimicrobial usage. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015; 70: 1588-1591. doi: 10.1093/jac/dku555 PMID: 25614043
    • (2015) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.70 , pp. 1588-1591
    • Pakyz, A.L.1    Moczygemba, L.R.2    Wang, H.3    Stevens, M.P.4    Edmond, M.B.5
  • 22
    • 84907693595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antimicrobial use in US acute care hospitals, May-September 2011
    • PMID: 25291579
    • Magill SS, Edwards JR, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati G, Janelle SJ, Kainer MA, et al. Prevalence of antimicrobial use in US acute care hospitals, May-September 2011. JAMA. 2014; 312: 1438-1446. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2014.12923 PMID: 25291579
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.312 , pp. 1438-1446
    • Magill, S.S.1    Edwards, J.R.2    Beldavs, Z.G.3    Dumyati, G.4    Janelle, S.J.5    Kainer, M.A.6
  • 25
    • 79960837223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials shows that design is particularly used to evaluate interventions during routine implementation
    • PMID: 21411284
    • Mdege ND, Man MS, Taylor Nee Brown CA, Torgerson DJ. Systematic review of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials shows that design is particularly used to evaluate interventions during routine implementation. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011; 64: 936-948. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.12.003 PMID: 21411284
    • (2011) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.64 , pp. 936-948
    • Mdege, N.D.1    Man, M.S.2    Taylor Nee Brown, C.A.3    Torgerson, D.J.4
  • 26
    • 84864917381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the quality of antibiotic prescribing in the NHS by developing a new Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme: Start smart-then focus
    • ARHAI Antimicrobial Stewardship Group PMID: 22855879
    • Ashiru-Oredope D, Sharland M, Charani E, McNulty C, Cooke J, ARHAI Antimicrobial Stewardship Group. Improving the quality of antibiotic prescribing in the NHS by developing a new Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme: Start Smart-Then Focus. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012; 67 Suppl 1: i51-63. PMID: 22855879
    • (2012) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.67 , pp. i51-i63
    • Ashiru-Oredope, D.1    Sharland, M.2    Charani, E.3    McNulty, C.4    Cooke, J.5
  • 27
    • 84976375603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario) Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases
    • Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario), Provincial Infectious Diseases Advisory Committee. Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases. 2014.
    • (2014) Provincial Infectious Diseases Advisory Committee
  • 29
    • 84884189613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of change to molecular testing for Clostridium difficile infection on healthcare facility-associated incidence rates
    • PMID: 24018922
    • Moehring RW, Lofgren ET, Anderson DJ. Impact of change to molecular testing for Clostridium difficile infection on healthcare facility-associated incidence rates. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013; 34: 1055-1061. doi: 10.1086/673144 PMID: 24018922
    • (2013) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.34 , pp. 1055-1061
    • Moehring, R.W.1    Lofgren, E.T.2    Anderson, D.J.3
  • 30
    • 84923652148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of an antimicrobial stewardship programme at a tertiary-care teaching hospital
    • PMID: 25554468
    • Cook PP, Gooch M. Long-term effects of an antimicrobial stewardship programme at a tertiary-care teaching hospital. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015; 45: 262-267. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.11.006PMID: 25554468
    • (2015) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.45 , pp. 262-267
    • Cook, P.P.1    Gooch, M.2
  • 33
    • 84864475433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in Clostridium difficile infection rates after mandatory hospital public reporting: Findings from a longitudinal cohort study in Canada
    • PMID: 22815656
    • Daneman N, Stukel TA, Ma X, Vermeulen M, Guttmann A. Reduction in Clostridium difficile infection rates after mandatory hospital public reporting: findings from a longitudinal cohort study in Canada. PLoS Med. 2012; 9: e1001268. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001268 PMID: 22815656
    • (2012) PLoS Med , vol.9 , pp. e1001268
    • Daneman, N.1    Stukel, T.A.2    Ma, X.3    Vermeulen, M.4    Guttmann, A.5
  • 34
    • 84961130690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) incidence as a risk factor for hospital-associated CDI
    • Miller AC, Polgreen LA, Cavanaugh JE, Polgreen PM. Hospital Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) incidence as a risk factor for hospital-associated CDI. Am J Infect Control. 2016.
    • (2016) Am J Infect Control
    • Miller, A.C.1    Polgreen, L.A.2    Cavanaugh, J.E.3    Polgreen, P.M.4
  • 35
    • 34249712006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Clostridium difficile-associated disease pressure as a risk factor for C difficile-associated disease
    • PMID: 17533213
    • Dubberke ER, Reske KA, Olsen MA, McMullen KM, Mayfield JL, McDonald LC, et al. Evaluation of Clostridium difficile-associated disease pressure as a risk factor for C difficile-associated disease. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167: 1092-1097. PMID: 17533213
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med , vol.167 , pp. 1092-1097
    • Dubberke, E.R.1    Reske, K.A.2    Olsen, M.A.3    McMullen, K.M.4    Mayfield, J.L.5    McDonald, L.C.6
  • 37
    • 40449114824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile-associated disease in a setting of endemicity: Identification of novel risk factors
    • PMID: 18190314
    • Dubberke ER, Reske KA, Yan Y, Olsen MA, McDonald LC, Fraser VJ. Clostridium difficile-associated disease in a setting of endemicity: identification of novel risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 45: 1543-1549. doi: 10.1086/523582 PMID: 18190314
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.45 , pp. 1543-1549
    • Dubberke, E.R.1    Reske, K.A.2    Yan, Y.3    Olsen, M.A.4    McDonald, L.C.5    Fraser, V.J.6
  • 38
    • 79955495037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of measurement and adjustment for colonization pressure in studies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and clostridium difficile acquisition
    • PMID: 21515979
    • Ajao AO, Harris AD, Roghmann MC, Johnson JK, Zhan M, McGregor JC, et al. Systematic review of measurement and adjustment for colonization pressure in studies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and clostridium difficile acquisition. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011; 32: 481-489. doi: 10.1086/659403 PMID: 21515979
    • (2011) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.32 , pp. 481-489
    • Ajao, A.O.1    Harris, A.D.2    Roghmann, M.C.3    Johnson, J.K.4    Zhan, M.5    McGregor, J.C.6
  • 40
    • 84973444577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of detecting and isolating clostridium difficile carriers at hospital admission on the incidence of c difficile infections: A quasi-experimental controlled study
    • Longtin Y, Paquet-Bolduc B, Gilca R, Garenc C, Fortin E, Longtin J, et al. Effect of Detecting and Isolating Clostridium difficile Carriers at Hospital Admission on the Incidence of C difficile Infections: A Quasi-Experimental Controlled Study. JAMA Intern Med. 2016.
    • (2016) JAMA Intern Med.
    • Longtin, Y.1    Paquet-Bolduc, B.2    Gilca, R.3    Garenc, C.4    Fortin, E.5    Longtin, J.6
  • 41
    • 84925481625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementing an intensified antibiotic stewardship programme targeting cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone use in a 200-bed community hospital in Germany
    • PMID: 25344419
    • Borde JP, Litterst S, Ruhnke M, Feik R, Hubner J, deWith K, et al. Implementing an intensified antibiotic stewardship programme targeting cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone use in a 200-bed community hospital in Germany. Infection. 2015; 43: 45-50. doi: 10.1007/s15010-014-0693-2 PMID: 25344419
    • (2015) Infection , vol.43 , pp. 45-50
    • Borde, J.P.1    Litterst, S.2    Ruhnke, M.3    Feik, R.4    Hubner, J.5    DeWith, K.6
  • 42
    • 84907982335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons learned from implementing Clostridium difficile-focused antibiotic stewardship interventions
    • PMID: 25222903
    • Ostrowsky B, Ruiz R, Brown S, Chung P, Koppelman E, van Deusen Lukas C, et al. Lessons learned from implementing Clostridium difficile-focused antibiotic stewardship interventions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014; 35 Suppl 3: S86-95. doi: 10.1086/677828 PMID: 25222903
    • (2014) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.35 , pp. S86-S95
    • Ostrowsky, B.1    Ruiz, R.2    Brown, S.3    Chung, P.4    Koppelman, E.5    Van Deusen Lukas, C.6
  • 43
    • 63449103555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two time-series analyses of the impact of antibiotic consumption and alcohol-based hand disinfection on the incidences of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection and Clostridium difficile infection
    • PMID: 19236282
    • Kaier K, Hagist C, Frank U, Conrad A, Meyer E. Two time-series analyses of the impact of antibiotic consumption and alcohol-based hand disinfection on the incidences of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection and Clostridium difficile infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009; 30: 346-353. doi: 10.1086/596605 PMID: 19236282
    • (2009) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 346-353
    • Kaier, K.1    Hagist, C.2    Frank, U.3    Conrad, A.4    Meyer, E.5
  • 44
    • 79960717294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission health care-associated infection technical advisory committee public reporting of health care-associated infections (HAIs): Approach to choosing HAI measures
    • PMID: 21768760
    • Passaretti CL, Barclay P, Pronovost P, Perl TM, Maryland Health Care Commission Health Care-Associated Infection Technical Advisory Committee. Public reporting of health care-associated infections (HAIs): approach to choosing HAI measures. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011; 32: 768-774. doi: 10.1086/660873 PMID: 21768760
    • (2011) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.32 , pp. 768-774
    • Passaretti, C.L.1    Barclay, P.2    Pronovost, P.3    Perl, T.M.4    Maryland Health, C.5
  • 45
    • 84861497721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the national Cleanyourhands campaign to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitals in England and Wales by improved hand hygiene: Four year, prospective, ecological, interrupted time series study
    • PMID: 22556101
    • Stone SP, Fuller C, Savage J, Cookson B, Hayward A, Cooper B, et al. Evaluation of the national Cleanyourhands campaign to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and Clostridium difficile infection in hospitals in England and Wales by improved hand hygiene: four year, prospective, ecological, interrupted time series study. BMJ. 2012; 344: e3005. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e3005 PMID: 22556101
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344 , pp. e3005
    • Stone, S.P.1    Fuller, C.2    Savage, J.3    Cookson, B.4    Hayward, A.5    Cooper, B.6
  • 46
    • 84976393952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has improved hand hygiene compliance reduced the risk of hospital-acquired infections among hospitalized patients in Ontario?
    • DiDiodato G. Has improved hand hygiene compliance reduced the risk of hospital-acquired infections among hospitalized patients in Ontario? Analysis of publicly reported patient safety data from 2008 to 2011.
    • Analysis of Publicly Reported Patient Safety Data from 2008 to 2011
    • DiDiodato, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.