메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 31-50

Park visitors' perceptions of governance: a comparison between Ontario and British Columbia provincial parks management models

Author keywords

Canada; Governance; Management technique

Indexed keywords


EID: 84975827736     PISSN: 16605373     EISSN: 17598451     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/16605371011093854     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (85)
  • 3
    • 84992941335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BC Parks
    • 2007/08 BC Parks Year End Report, available at: (accessed 1 December 2009).
    • BC Parks (2008), 2007/08 BC Parks Year End Report, available at: www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/facts/stats/year_end_rep_2008.pdf (accessed 1 December 2009).
    • (2008)
  • 4
    • 84993020723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BC Parks
    • BC Parks Statistics, available at: (accessed 2 December 2009).
    • BC Parks (2009 a), BC Parks Statistics, available at: www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/facts/stats.html (accessed 2 December 2009).
    • (2009)
  • 5
    • 84993020723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BC Parks
    • Park User Fees, available at: (accessed 1 December 2009).
    • BC Parks (2009 b), Park User Fees, available at: www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/fees/fees.html (accessed 1 December 2009).
    • (2009)
  • 6
    • 0001614252 scopus 로고
    • Foci and bases of commitment: are they distinctions worth mentioning?
    • Becker, T.E. (1992), “Foci and bases of commitment: are they distinctions worth mentioning?”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 35 No. 1, pp. 223-244.
    • (1992) Academy of Management Journal , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 223-244
    • Becker, T.E.1
  • 10
    • 21544479705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public governance: balancing stakeholder power in a network society
    • Bovaird, T. (2005), “Public governance: balancing stakeholder power in a network society”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, Vol. 71 No. 2, pp. 217-228.
    • (2005) International Review of Administrative Sciences , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-228
    • Bovaird, T.1
  • 12
    • 0142003411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why elephants gallop: assessing and predicting organizational performance in Federal Agencies
    • Brewer, G. and Selden, S. (2000), “Why elephants gallop: assessing and predicting organizational performance in Federal Agencies”, Journal of Public Administrative Research and Theory, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 685-711.
    • (2000) Journal of Public Administrative Research and Theory , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 685-711
    • Brewer, G.1    Selden, S.2
  • 14
    • 84870950078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of five stakeholders' perceptions of governance under Ontario Provincial Parks' management model
    • unpublished Master Thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
    • Buteau-Duitschaever, W.C. (2009), “A comparison of five stakeholders' perceptions of governance under Ontario Provincial Parks' management model”, unpublished Master Thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
    • (2009)
    • Buteau-Duitschaever, W.C.1
  • 15
    • 84903685126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking stock: changing ideas and visions for parks
    • Carr, E. (2000), “Taking stock: changing ideas and visions for parks”, The George Right Forum, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 16-30.
    • (2000) The George Right Forum , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 16-30
    • Carr, E.1
  • 16
    • 77955575988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contracted visitor services and the privatization agenda in British Columbia's provincial parks
    • unpublished undergraduate thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
    • Cavers, M.R. (2004), “Contracted visitor services and the privatization agenda in British Columbia's provincial parks”, unpublished undergraduate thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
    • (2004)
    • Cavers, M.R.1
  • 17
    • 27944483345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating public participation in environmental decision making: EPA's superfund community involvement program
    • Charmley, S. and Engelbert, B. (2005), “Evaluating public participation in environmental decision making: EPA's superfund community involvement program”, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 77, pp. 165-182.
    • (2005) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.77 , pp. 165-182
    • Charmley, S.1    Engelbert, B.2
  • 21
    • 22344449248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in global protected area governance, 1992-2002
    • Dearden, P., Bennett, M. and Johnston, J. (2005), “Trends in global protected area governance, 1992-2002”, Environmental Management, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 89-100.
    • (2005) Environmental Management , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-100
    • Dearden, P.1    Bennett, M.2    Johnston, J.3
  • 22
    • 84971922277 scopus 로고
    • Citizen satisfaction with local governance: a test of individual, jurisdictional, and city-specific explanations
    • De Hoog, R.H., Lowery, D. and Lyons, W.E. (1990), “Citizen satisfaction with local governance: a test of individual, jurisdictional, and city-specific explanations”, Journal of Politics, Vol. 52 No. 3, pp. 807-837.
    • (1990) Journal of Politics , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 807-837
    • De Hoog, R.H.1    Lowery, D.2    Lyons, W.E.3
  • 23
    • 0442279570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transparency of environmental decision making: a case study of soil cleanup inside the Hanford 100 area
    • Drew, C.H. and Nyerges, T.L. (2004), “Transparency of environmental decision making: a case study of soil cleanup inside the Hanford 100 area”, Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 33-71.
    • (2004) Journal of Risk Research , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-71
    • Drew, C.H.1    Nyerges, T.L.2
  • 24
    • 0036321572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in park tourism: economics, finance and management
    • Eagles, P.F.J. (2002), “Trends in park tourism: economics, finance and management”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 132-153.
    • (2002) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-153
    • Eagles, P.F.J.1
  • 26
    • 62149089599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governance of recreation and tourism partnerships in parks and protected areas
    • Eagles, P.F.J. (2009), “Governance of recreation and tourism partnerships in parks and protected areas”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 231-248.
    • (2009) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 231-248
    • Eagles, P.F.J.1
  • 28
    • 77955588366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perceived implications of an outsourcing model on governance within British Columbia Provincial Parks in Canada: a quantitative study
    • Eagles, P.F.J., Havitz, M.E., Mc Cutcheon, B., Buteau-Duitschaever, W.C. and Glover, T.D. (2010), “The perceived implications of an outsourcing model on governance within British Columbia Provincial Parks in Canada: a quantitative study”, Environmental Management.
    • (2010) Environmental Management
    • Eagles, P.F.J.1    Havitz, M.E.2    Mc Cutcheon, B.3    Buteau-Duitschaever, W.C.4    Glover, T.D.5
  • 32
    • 0000792862 scopus 로고
    • Effects of procedural and distributive justice on recreation to pay raise decisions
    • Folger, R. and Konovsky, M.A. (1989), “Effects of procedural and distributive justice on recreation to pay raise decisions”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 32, pp. 115-130.
    • (1989) Academy of Management Journal , vol.32 , pp. 115-130
    • Folger, R.1    Konovsky, M.A.2
  • 33
    • 84993074921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FORUM Consulting Group Ltd
    • Ministry of Environment, Parks and Protected Areas Branch & Planning and Performance Management Branch Victoria, British Columbia
    • FORUM Consulting Group Ltd (2008), Evaluation of the BC Parks Service Delivery Model, Ministry of Environment, Parks and Protected Areas Branch & Planning and Performance Management Branch, Victoria, British Columbia.
    • (2008) Evaluation of the BC Parks Service Delivery Model
  • 34
    • 0001513933 scopus 로고
    • The ethical behavior of retail managers
    • Fraerich, J.P. (1993), “The ethical behavior of retail managers”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 12, pp. 207-218.
    • (1993) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.12 , pp. 207-218
    • Fraerich, J.P.1
  • 36
    • 0011138933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Service delivery satisfaction and willingness to pay taxes: citizen recognition of local government performance
    • Glaser, M.A. and Hildreth, W.B. (1999), “Service delivery satisfaction and willingness to pay taxes: citizen recognition of local government performance”, Public Productivity and Management Review, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 48-67.
    • (1999) Public Productivity and Management Review , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-67
    • Glaser, M.A.1    Hildreth, W.B.2
  • 37
    • 84968722469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales
    • paper presented at the 2003 Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
    • Gliem, J.A. and Gliem, R.R. (2003), “Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales”, paper presented at the 2003 Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
    • (2003)
    • Gliem, J.A.1    Gliem, R.R.2
  • 38
    • 0040303962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of alternative forms of public leisure services delivery
    • CABI International Wallingford
    • Glover, T.D. and Burton, T.L. (1998), “A model of alternative forms of public leisure services delivery”, in Ed. Collins, M.F. and Ed. Cooper, I.S. (Eds), Leisure Management: Issues and Applications, CABI International, Wallingford, pp. 139-155.
    • (1998) Leisure Management: Issues and Applications , pp. 139-155
    • Glover, T.D.1    Burton, T.L.2    Collins, M.F.3    Cooper, I.S.4
  • 40
    • 77955808400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financing parks through marketing: a case study of Ontario Parks
    • CABI Wallingford
    • Halpenny, E. (2007), “Financing parks through marketing: a case study of Ontario Parks”, in Ed. Bushell, R. and Ed. Eagles, P.F.J. (Eds), Innovation in Park Tourism, CABI, Wallingford, pp. 277-300.
    • (2007) Innovation in Park Tourism , pp. 277-300
    • Halpenny, E.1    Bushell, R.2    Eagles, P.F.J.3
  • 42
    • 62149150821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governance of private protected areas in Canada: advancing the public interest?
    • unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
    • Hannah, L. (2006), “Governance of private protected areas in Canada: advancing the public interest?”, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
    • (2006)
    • Hannah, L.1
  • 43
    • 0141793704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems for assessing the effectiveness of management in protected areas
    • Hockings, M. (2003), “Systems for assessing the effectiveness of management in protected areas”, Bio Science, Vol. 53, pp. 823-832.
    • (2003) Bio Science , vol.53 , pp. 823-832
    • Hockings, M.1
  • 47
    • 84973821096 scopus 로고
    • The impacts of decision-making methodology on job evaluation outcomes
    • Hornsby, J.S., Smith, B.N. and Gupta, J.N. (1994), “The impacts of decision-making methodology on job evaluation outcomes”, Group and Organization Management, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 112-128.
    • (1994) Group and Organization Management , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 112-128
    • Hornsby, J.S.1    Smith, B.N.2    Gupta, J.N.3
  • 48
    • 0012780196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring customer service quality in sports and leisure centres
    • Howat, G., Absher, J., Crilley, G. and Milne, I. (2003), “Measuring customer service quality in sports and leisure centres”, Managing Leisure, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 77-89.
    • (2003) Managing Leisure , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-89
    • Howat, G.1    Absher, J.2    Crilley, G.3    Milne, I.4
  • 49
    • 84993066348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN Strategy 2009-2020
    • A 2020 vision for IUCN: A global union for Sustainability” available at: (accessed 16 July 2008).
    • IUCN Strategy 2009-2020 (2008), A 2020 vision for IUCN: A global union for Sustainability” available at: http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/2020_vision_for_iucn_en.pdf (accessed 16 July 2008).
    • (2008)
  • 50
    • 33644910752 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of consensus and voting in public decision-making
    • Jones, B. (1986), “A comparison of consensus and voting in public decision-making”, Negotiation Journal, Vol. 10, pp. 161-171.
    • (1986) Negotiation Journal , vol.10 , pp. 161-171
    • Jones, B.1
  • 51
    • 0001591973 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of fairness or equity perceptions of management information system users
    • Joshi, K. (1989), “The measurement of fairness or equity perceptions of management information system users”, MIS quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 343-358.
    • (1989) MIS quarterly , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 343-358
    • Joshi, K.1
  • 52
    • 84973721129 scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of organizational politics scale (POPS): development and construct validation
    • Kacmar, K.M. and Ferris, G.R. (1991), “Perceptions of organizational politics scale (POPS): development and construct validation”, Educational and Psychological Measurements, Vol. 51, pp. 193-205.
    • (1991) Educational and Psychological Measurements , vol.51 , pp. 193-205
    • Kacmar, K.M.1    Ferris, G.R.2
  • 53
    • 0009196880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transformation of governance: globalization, devolution, and the role of government
    • Kettl, D.F. (2000), “The transformation of governance: globalization, devolution, and the role of government”, Public Administration Review, Vol. 60 No. 6, pp. 488-497.
    • (2000) Public Administration Review , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 488-497
    • Kettl, D.F.1
  • 55
    • 0038692238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accountability for Performance in Local Government
    • Kluvers, R. (2003), “Accountability for Performance in Local Government”, Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 62 No. 1, pp. 57-69.
    • (2003) Australian Journal of Public Administration , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-69
    • Kluvers, R.1
  • 57
    • 84992953314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whose parks? A qualitative exploration of the governance of BC Parks
    • unpublished Master thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
    • Mc Cutcheon, B.L. (2009), “Whose parks? A qualitative exploration of the governance of BC Parks”, unpublished Master thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
    • (2009)
    • Mc Cutcheon, B.L.1
  • 60
    • 84870884971 scopus 로고
    • Privatization: a study of the British Columbia State
    • unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto.
    • Milne, B.W. (1990), “Privatization: a study of the British Columbia State”, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto.
    • (1990)
    • Milne, B.W.1
  • 61
    • 84992982609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Natural Resources
    • Queen's Printer for Ontario
    • Ministry of Natural Resources (1996), The Ontario Parks Business Plan, Queen's Printer for Ontario.
    • (1996) The Ontario Parks Business Plan
  • 62
    • 62149145351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontario parks-a successful business operating model
    • Moos, R. (2002), “Ontario parks-a successful business operating model”, Parks, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 17-25.
    • (2002) Parks , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-25
    • Moos, R.1
  • 63
    • 62149149783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From public to private: five concepts of park management and their consequences
    • More, T.A. (2005), “From public to private: five concepts of park management and their consequences”, The George Wright Forum, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 12-20.
    • (2005) The George Wright Forum , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 12-20
    • More, T.A.1
  • 66
    • 84992970945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • User fees
    • Ontario Parks available at: (accessed December 1, 2009).
    • Ontario Parks (2009), “User fees” available at: www.ontarioparks.com/ENGLISH/fees.html (accessed December 1, 2009).
    • (2009)
  • 68
    • 84993015667 scopus 로고
    • SERVQUAL: a multi-term scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality
    • Parasuraman, K., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1988), “SERVQUAL: a multi-term scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 64 No. 1, pp. 12-40.
    • (1988) Journal of Retailing , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-40
    • Parasuraman, K.1    Zeithaml, V.A.2    Berry, L.L.3
  • 69
    • 70449709097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of perception of social equity and price acceptability for campers in the U.S. national forest
    • Park, J., Ellis, G.D., Kim, S.S. and Prideaux, B. (2009), “An investigation of perception of social equity and price acceptability for campers in the U.S. national forest”, Tourism Management, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp. 202-212.
    • (2009) Tourism Management , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 202-212
    • Park, J.1    Ellis, G.D.2    Kim, S.S.3    Prideaux, B.4
  • 70
    • 84993064427 scopus 로고
    • Parks Ontario Transition Advisory Team
    • Queen's Printer for Ontario
    • Parks Ontario Transition Advisory Team (1995), Report to the Ministry of Natural Resources, Queen's Printer for Ontario.
    • (1995) Report to the Ministry of Natural Resources
  • 71
    • 0036627497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a multi-dimensional scale for measuring the perceived value of a service
    • Petrick, J.F. (2002), “Development of a multi-dimensional scale for measuring the perceived value of a service”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp. 119-134.
    • (2002) Journal of Leisure Research , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-134
    • Petrick, J.F.1
  • 73
    • 84870870246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frame work for evaluating institutions of accountability
    • Vol. 1, Handbook on Public Sector Performance Reviews The World Bank Washington, DC
    • Schacter, M. (2003), “A frame work for evaluating institutions of accountability”, in Ed. Shah, A. (Ed.), Insuring Accountability When There is No Bottom Line, Vol. 1, Handbook on Public Sector Performance Reviews, The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 229-249.
    • (2003) Insuring Accountability When There is No Bottom Line , pp. 229-249
    • Schacter, M.1    Shah, A.2
  • 78
    • 0042250828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
    • Governance for Sustainable Human Development: A UNDP Policy Document, available at: (accessed 12 June 2008).
    • United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (1997), Governance for Sustainable Human Development: A UNDP Policy Document, available at: http://mirror.undp.org/magnet/policy/ (accessed 12 June 2008).
    • (1997)
  • 79
    • 0030425596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Country of origin, encounter norms, and crowding in a frontcountry setting
    • Vaske, J.J., Donnelly, M.P. and Petruzzi, J.P. (1996), “Country of origin, encounter norms, and crowding in a frontcountry setting”, Leisure Sciences, Vol. 18, pp. 161-176.
    • (1996) Leisure Sciences , vol.18 , pp. 161-176
    • Vaske, J.J.1    Donnelly, M.P.2    Petruzzi, J.P.3
  • 80
    • 0034020332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are you being served? The responsiveness of public administration to citizens' demands: an empirical examination in Israel
    • Vigoda, E. (2000), “Are you being served? The responsiveness of public administration to citizens' demands: an empirical examination in Israel”, Public Administration, Vol. 78 No. 1, pp. 165-191.
    • (2000) Public Administration , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-191
    • Vigoda, E.1
  • 81
    • 2342462066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing public participation in US cities
    • Wang, X. (2001), “Assessing public participation in US cities”, Public Performance and Management Review, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 22-336.
    • (2001) Public Performance and Management Review , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 22-336
    • Wang, X.1
  • 82
    • 25844477449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing administrative accountability: results from a national survey
    • Wang, X. (2002), “Assessing administrative accountability: results from a national survey”, American Review of Public Administration, Vol. 32 No. 3, pp. 350-370.
    • (2002) American Review of Public Administration , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 350-370
    • Wang, X.1
  • 83
    • 0033673932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governance, good governance and global governance: conceptual and actual challenges
    • Weiss, T.G. (2000), “Governance, good governance and global governance: conceptual and actual challenges”, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 21 No. 5, pp. 795-814.
    • (2000) Third World Quarterly , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 795-814
    • Weiss, T.G.1
  • 85
    • 84992953180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA)
    • IUCN Gland, Switzerland
    • World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) (2003), Durban Action Plan, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
    • (2003) Durban Action Plan


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.