메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue MAY, 2016, Pages

Empathy is a protective factor of burnout in physicians: New neuro-phenomenological hypotheses regarding empathy and sympathy in care relationship

Author keywords

Burnout; Care relationships; Empathy; Physicians; Prevention; Self other distinction; Self regulation; Sympathy

Indexed keywords


EID: 84974721887     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00763     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (145)

References (97)
  • 1
    • 0033162505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of emotional dissonance on organizational commitment and intention to turnover
    • Abraham, R. (1999). The impact of emotional dissonance on organizational commitment and intention to turnover. J. Psychol. 133, 441-455. doi: 10.1080/00223989909599754
    • (1999) J. Psychol , vol.133 , pp. 441-455
    • Abraham, R.1
  • 2
    • 77957937459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow of affective information between communicating brains
    • Anders, S., Heinzle, J., Weiskopf, N., Ethofer, T., and Haynes, J. D. (2011). Flow of affective information between communicating brains. Neuroimage 54, 439-446. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.004
    • (2011) Neuroimage , vol.54 , pp. 439-446
    • Anders, S.1    Heinzle, J.2    Weiskopf, N.3    Ethofer, T.4    Haynes, J.D.5
  • 3
    • 64849110303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologie du changement de point de vue
    • eds. A. Berthoz, G. Jorland (Paris: Odile Jacob)
    • Berthoz, A. (2004). Physiologie du changement de point de vue, in L'Empathie, eds. A. Berthoz, G. Jorland (Paris: Odile Jacob), 251-275
    • (2004) L'Empathie , pp. 251-275
    • Berthoz, A.1
  • 4
    • 33746873275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the ventral premotor cortex in action execution and action understanding
    • Binkofski, F., and Buccino, G. (2006). The role of the ventral premotor cortex in action execution and action understanding. J. Physiol. Paris. 99, 396-405. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2006.03.005
    • (2006) J. Physiol. Paris , vol.99 , pp. 396-405
    • Binkofski, F.1    Buccino, G.2
  • 5
    • 84864131975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensory brain mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness
    • Blanke, O. (2012). Multisensory brain mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 556-571. doi: 10.1038/nrn3292
    • (2012) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 556-571
    • Blanke, O.1
  • 6
    • 77958492067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between medical student, burnout, empathy and professionalist climate
    • Brazeau, C. M., Schroeder, R., Rovi, S., and Boyd, L. (2010). Relationship between medical student, burnout, empathy and professionalist climate. Acad. Med. 85, 300-306. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181ed4c47
    • (2010) Acad. Med , vol.85 , pp. 300-306
    • Brazeau, C.M.1    Schroeder, R.2    Rovi, S.3    Boyd, L.4
  • 7
    • 0035128865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: an fMRI study
    • Buccino, G., Binkofski, F., Fink, G. R., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., et al. (2001). Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: an fMRI study. Eur. J. Neurosci. 13, 400-404. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2001.01385.x
    • (2001) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 400-404
    • Buccino, G.1    Binkofski, F.2    Fink, G.R.3    Fadiga, L.4    Fogassi, L.5    Gallese, V.6
  • 8
    • 0034094789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General practitioner psychological management of common emotional problems (II). A research agenda for the development of evidence-based practice
    • Cape, J., Barker, C., Buszewicz, M., and Pistrang, N. (2000). General practitioner psychological management of common emotional problems (II). A research agenda for the development of evidence-based practice. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 50, 396-400
    • (2000) Br. J. Gen. Pract , vol.50 , pp. 396-400
    • Cape, J.1    Barker, C.2    Buszewicz, M.3    Pistrang, N.4
  • 9
    • 84904262400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do you mean me? Communicative intentions recruit the mirror and the mentalizing system
    • Ciaramidaro, A., Becchio, C., Colle, L., Bara, B. G., and Walter, H. (2013). Do you mean me? Communicative intentions recruit the mirror and the mentalizing system. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 9, 909-916. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst062
    • (2013) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 909-916
    • Ciaramidaro, A.1    Becchio, C.2    Colle, L.3    Bara, B.G.4    Walter, H.5
  • 10
    • 84872514046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of feelings: evolutionary and neurobiological origins
    • Damasio, A., and Carvalho, G. B. (2013). The nature of feelings: evolutionary and neurobiological origins. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 14, 143-152. doi: 10.1038/nrn3403
    • (2013) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 143-152
    • Damasio, A.1    Carvalho, G.B.2
  • 11
    • 85043740534 scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach
    • Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 44, 113-126. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
    • (1983) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.44 , pp. 113-126
    • Davis, M.H.1
  • 14
    • 11844281417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional architecture of human empathy
    • Decety, J., and Jackson, P. L. (2004). The functional architecture of human empathy. Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev. 3, 71-100. doi: 10.1177/1534582304267187
    • (2004) Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev , vol.3 , pp. 71-100
    • Decety, J.1    Jackson, P.L.2
  • 15
    • 78049320814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodevelopmental changes in the circuits underlying empathy and sympathy from childhood to adulthood
    • Decety, J., and Michalska, K. J. (2009). Neurodevelopmental changes in the circuits underlying empathy and sympathy from childhood to adulthood. Dev. Sci. 13, 886-899. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00940.x
    • (2009) Dev. Sci , vol.13 , pp. 886-899
    • Decety, J.1    Michalska, K.J.2
  • 16
    • 47349084096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who caused the pain? A functional MRI investigation of empathy and intentionality in children
    • Decety, J., Michalska, K. J., and Akitsuki, Y. (2008). Who caused the pain? A functional MRI investigation of empathy and intentionality in children. Neuropsychologia 46, 2607-2614. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.05.026
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , pp. 2607-2614
    • Decety, J.1    Michalska, K.J.2    Akitsuki, Y.3
  • 17
    • 38349140436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: implications for intervention across different clinical conditions
    • Decety, J., and Moriguchi, Y. (2007). The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: implications for intervention across different clinical conditions. Biopsychosoc. Med. 1, 22-65. doi: 10.1186/1751-0759-1-22
    • (2007) Biopsychosoc. Med , vol.1 , pp. 22-65
    • Decety, J.1    Moriguchi, Y.2
  • 18
    • 77950594043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians down-regulate their pain empathy: an event-related brain potential study
    • Decety, J., Yang, C. Y., and Cheng, Y. (2010). Physicians down-regulate their pain empathy: an event-related brain potential study. Neuroimage 50, 1676-1682. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.025
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.50 , pp. 1676-1682
    • Decety, J.1    Yang, C.Y.2    Cheng, Y.3
  • 19
    • 0030973461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective inability to point to extrapersonal targets after lef posterior parietal lesion: an objectivation disorder?
    • Degos, J. D., Bachoud-Lévi, A. C., Ergis, A. M., Petrissans, J. L., and Cesaro, P. (1997). Selective inability to point to extrapersonal targets after lef posterior parietal lesion: an objectivation disorder? Neurocase 3, 31-39. doi: 10.1093/neucas/3.1.31
    • (1997) Neurocase , vol.3 , pp. 31-39
    • Degos, J.D.1    Bachoud-Lévi, A.C.2    Ergis, A.M.3    Petrissans, J.L.4    Cesaro, P.5
  • 21
    • 28544451221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical student distress: causes, consequences, and proposed solutions
    • Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., and Shanafelt, T. D. (2005). Medical student distress: causes, consequences, and proposed solutions. Mayo Clin. Proc. 80, 1613-1622. doi: 10.4065/80.12.1613
    • (2005) Mayo Clin. Proc , vol.80 , pp. 1613-1622
    • Dyrbye, L.N.1    Thomas, M.R.2    Shanafelt, T.D.3
  • 22
    • 33646337147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students
    • Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., and Shanafelt, T. D. (2006). Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Acad. Med. 81, 354-373. doi: 10.1097/00001888-200604000-00009
    • (2006) Acad. Med , vol.81 , pp. 354-373
    • Dyrbye, L.N.1    Thomas, M.R.2    Shanafelt, T.D.3
  • 23
    • 49049105249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mirror neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans
    • Fabbri-Destro, M., and Rizzolatti, G. (2008). Mirror neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans. Physiology 23, 171-179 doi: 10.1152/physiol.00004.2008
    • (2008) Physiology , vol.23 , pp. 171-179
    • Fabbri-Destro, M.1    Rizzolatti, G.2
  • 24
    • 0036841455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compassion fatigue: psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care
    • Figley, C. R. (2002). Compassion fatigue: psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care. J. Clin. Psychol. 58, 1433-1441. doi: 10.1002/jclp.10090
    • (2002) J. Clin. Psychol , vol.58 , pp. 1433-1441
    • Figley, C.R.1
  • 25
    • 84993839757 scopus 로고
    • Staff Burn-Out
    • Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff Burn-Out. J. Soc. Issues 30, 159-165. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x
    • (1974) J. Soc. Issues , vol.30 , pp. 159-165
    • Freudenberger, H.J.1
  • 26
    • 0037471872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing
    • Frith, U., and Frith, C. D. (2003). Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 358, 459-473. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1218
    • (2003) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci , vol.358 , pp. 459-473
    • Frith, U.1    Frith, C.D.2
  • 27
    • 33645071935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How we predict what other people are going to do
    • Frith, U., and Frith, C. D. (2006a). How we predict what other people are going to do. Brain Res. 1079, 36-46. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.126
    • (2006) Brain Res , vol.1079 , pp. 36-46
    • Frith, U.1    Frith, C.D.2
  • 28
    • 33646417315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural basis of mentalizing
    • Frith, U., and Frith, C. D. (2006b). The neural basis of mentalizing. Neuron 6, 218-229. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.05.001
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.6 , pp. 218-229
    • Frith, U.1    Frith, C.D.2
  • 29
    • 85052412740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnout des médecins libéraux - 1ère partie: une pathologie de la relation d'aide
    • Galam, E. (2007). Burnout des médecins libéraux - 1ère partie: une pathologie de la relation d'aide. Médecine 3, 419-421
    • (2007) Médecine , vol.3 , pp. 419-421
    • Galam, E.1
  • 30
    • 84875772423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnout among French GPs in training: a cross-sectional study
    • Galam, E., Komly, V., Le Tourneur, A., and Jund, J. (2013). Burnout among French GPs in training: a cross-sectional study. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 63, e217-e224. doi: 10.3399/bjgp13X664270
    • (2013) Br. J. Gen. Pract , vol.63 , pp. e217-e224
    • Galam, E.1    Komly, V.2    Le Tourneur, A.3    Jund, J.4
  • 31
    • 0029944419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action recognition in the premotor cortex
    • Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., and Rizzolatti, G. (1996). Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain. 119, 593-609
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 593-609
    • Gallese, V.1    Fadiga, L.2    Fogassi, L.3    Rizzolatti, G.4
  • 32
    • 0035644076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "shared manifold" hypothesis: from mirror neurons to empathy
    • Gallese, V. (2001). The "shared manifold" hypothesis: from mirror neurons to empathy. J. Consciousness Stud. 8, 33-50. doi: 10.1093/brain/119.2.593
    • (2001) J. Consciousness Stud , vol.8 , pp. 33-50
    • Gallese, V.1
  • 33
    • 84859268811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The desired moral attitude of the physician: (I) empathy
    • Gelhaus, P. (2011). The desired moral attitude of the physician: (I) empathy. Med. Health Care Philos. 15, 103-113. doi: 10.1007/s11019-011-9366-4
    • (2011) Med. Health Care Philos , vol.15 , pp. 103-113
    • Gelhaus, P.1
  • 35
    • 84876431870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy in clinical practice: how individual dispositions, gender, and experience moderate empathic concern, burnout and emotional distress in physicians
    • Gleichgerrcht, E., and Decety, J. (2013). Empathy in clinical practice: how individual dispositions, gender, and experience moderate empathic concern, burnout and emotional distress in physicians. PLoS ONE 8:e61526. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061526
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Gleichgerrcht, E.1    Decety, J.2
  • 37
    • 0037398968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activations related to "mirror" and "canonical" neurones in the human brain: an fMRI study
    • Grèzes, J., Armony, J. L., Rowe, J., and Passingham, R. E. (2003). Activations related to "mirror" and "canonical" neurones in the human brain: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 18, 928-937. doi: 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00042-9
    • (2003) Neuroimage , vol.18 , pp. 928-937
    • Grèzes, J.1    Armony, J.L.2    Rowe, J.3    Passingham, R.E.4
  • 38
    • 0043132405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is clinical empathy?
    • Halpern, J. (2003). What is clinical empathy? J. Gen. Intern. Med. 18, 670-674. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21017.x
    • (2003) J. Gen. Intern. Med , vol.18 , pp. 670-674
    • Halpern, J.1
  • 39
    • 84897571488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From idealized clinical empathy to empathic communication in medical care
    • Halpern, J. (2014). From idealized clinical empathy to empathic communication in medical care. Med. Health Care Philos. 17, 301-311. doi: 10.1007/s11019-013-9510-4
    • (2014) Med. Health Care Philos , vol.17 , pp. 301-311
    • Halpern, J.1
  • 40
    • 84878769865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy as a function of clinical exposure - Reading emotion in the eyes
    • Handford, C., Lemon, J., Grimm, M. C., and Vollmer-Conna, U. (2013). Empathy as a function of clinical exposure - Reading emotion in the eyes. PLoS ONE 8:e65159. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065159
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Handford, C.1    Lemon, J.2    Grimm, M.C.3    Vollmer-Conna, U.4
  • 41
    • 52049089890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I feel how you feel but not always: the empathic brain and its modulation
    • Hein, G., and Singer, T. (2008). I feel how you feel but not always: the empathic brain and its modulation. Cur. Opin. Neurobiol. 16, 1824-1829. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2008.07.012
    • (2008) Cur. Opin. Neurobiol , vol.16 , pp. 1824-1829
    • Hein, G.1    Singer, T.2
  • 43
    • 79952183161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicans' empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients
    • Hojat, M., Louis, D. Z., Markham, F. W., Wender, R., Rabinowitz, C., and Gonnella, J. S. (2011a). Physicans' empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients. Acad. Med. 86, 359-364. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182086fe1
    • (2011) Acad. Med , vol.86 , pp. 359-364
    • Hojat, M.1    Louis, D.Z.2    Markham, F.W.3    Wender, R.4    Rabinowitz, C.5    Gonnella, J.S.6
  • 44
    • 0035531764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Jefferson Scale of Empathy: development and preliminary psychometric data
    • Hojat, M., Mangione, S., Nasca, T. J., Cohen, M. J. M., Gonnella, J. S., Erdmann, J. B., et al. (2001). The Jefferson Scale of Empathy: development and preliminary psychometric data. Educ. Psychol. Measur. 61, 349-365. doi: 10.1177/00131640121971158
    • (2001) Educ. Psychol. Measur , vol.61 , pp. 349-365
    • Hojat, M.1    Mangione, S.2    Nasca, T.J.3    Cohen, M.J.M.4    Gonnella, J.S.5    Erdmann, J.B.6
  • 45
    • 4544267799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school
    • Hojat, M., Mangione, S., Nasca, T. J., Rattner, S., Erdmann, J. B., Gonnella, J. S., et al. (2004). An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school. Med. Educ. 38, 934-941. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01911.x
    • (2004) Med. Educ , vol.38 , pp. 934-941
    • Hojat, M.1    Mangione, S.2    Nasca, T.J.3    Rattner, S.4    Erdmann, J.B.5    Gonnella, J.S.6
  • 46
    • 80051552930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathic and Sympathic orientations toward patient care: conceptualization, measurement and psychometrics
    • Hojat, M., Spandorfer, J., Louis, D. Z., and Gonnella, J. S. (2011b). Empathic and Sympathic orientations toward patient care: conceptualization, measurement and psychometrics. Acad. Med. 86, 989-995. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31822203d8
    • (2011) Acad. Med , vol.86 , pp. 989-995
    • Hojat, M.1    Spandorfer, J.2    Louis, D.Z.3    Gonnella, J.S.4
  • 47
    • 0003563571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Texte aus dem Nachlass, 2. Teil: 1921-1928. Husserliana, Band XIII-XIV-XV. Den Haag: Martin Nijhoff
    • Husserl, E. Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjectivität. Texte aus dem Nachlass, 2. Teil: 1921-1928. Husserliana, Band XIII-XIV-XV. Den Haag: Martin Nijhoff
    • Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjectivität
    • Husserl, E.1
  • 49
    • 64849116109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes sur l'origine de l'empathie
    • Jorland, G., and Thirioux, B. (2008). Notes sur l'origine de l'empathie. Rev. Métaphys. Morale. 58, 269-280. doi: 10.3917/rmm.082.0269
    • (2008) Rev. Métaphys. Morale , vol.58 , pp. 269-280
    • Jorland, G.1    Thirioux, B.2
  • 50
    • 4444339325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A touching sight: SII/PV activation during the observation and experience of touch
    • Keysers, C., Wicker, B., Gazzola, V., Anton, J. L., Fogassi, L., and Gallese, V. (2004). A touching sight: SII/PV activation during the observation and experience of touch. Neuron 42, 335-346. doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00156-4
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.42 , pp. 335-346
    • Keysers, C.1    Wicker, B.2    Gazzola, V.3    Anton, J.L.4    Fogassi, L.5    Gallese, V.6
  • 51
    • 3943070378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance
    • Kim, S. S., Kaplowitz, S., and Johnston, M. V. (2004). The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance. Eval. Health Prof. 27, 237-251. doi: 10.1177/0163278704267037
    • (2004) Eval. Health Prof , vol.27 , pp. 237-251
    • Kim, S.S.1    Kaplowitz, S.2    Johnston, M.V.3
  • 52
    • 84892717348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To be nor not to be empathic: the combined role of empathic concern and perspective taking in understanding burnout in general practice
    • Lamothe, M., Boujut, E., Zenasni, F., and Sultan, S. (2014). To be nor not to be empathic: the combined role of empathic concern and perspective taking in understanding burnout in general practice. BMC Fam. Pract. 15:15. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-15
    • (2014) BMC Fam. Pract , vol.15 , pp. 15
    • Lamothe, M.1    Boujut, E.2    Zenasni, F.3    Sultan, S.4
  • 53
    • 14144253559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical empathy as emotional labor in the patient-physician relationship
    • Larson, E. B., and Yao, X. (2005). Clinical empathy as emotional labor in the patient-physician relationship. JAMA 293, 1100-1106. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.9.1100
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , pp. 1100-1106
    • Larson, E.B.1    Yao, X.2
  • 54
    • 0021492395 scopus 로고
    • The job satisfaction and retention of physicians in organized settings: a literature review
    • Lichtenstein, R. L. (1984). The job satisfaction and retention of physicians in organized settings: a literature review. Med. Care Rev. 41, 139-179. doi: 10.1177/107755878404100301
    • (1984) Med. Care Rev , vol.41 , pp. 139-179
    • Lichtenstein, R.L.1
  • 55
    • 28544445829 scopus 로고
    • Band II. Hamburg, Leipzig: Leopold Voss Verlag
    • Lipps, T. (1913). Zur Einfühlung. Band II. Hamburg, Leipzig: Leopold Voss Verlag
    • (1913) Zur Einfühlung
    • Lipps, T.1
  • 56
    • 84980362887 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of experienced burnout
    • Maslach, C., and Jackson, E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. J. Organ. Behav. 2, 99-113. doi: 10.1002/job.4030020205
    • (1981) J. Organ. Behav , vol.2 , pp. 99-113
    • Maslach, C.1    Jackson, E.2
  • 57
    • 80052557406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural and cognitive time course of theory of mind
    • McCleery, J. P., Surtees, A. D. R., Graham, K. A., Richards, J. E., and Apperly, I. A. (2011). The neural and cognitive time course of theory of mind. J. Neurosci. 31, 12849-12854. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1392-11.2011
    • (2011) J. Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 12849-12854
    • McCleery, J.P.1    Surtees, A.D.R.2    Graham, K.A.3    Richards, J.E.4    Apperly, I.A.5
  • 58
    • 0032953227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning objectives for medical student education - guidelines for medical schools: report I of the Medical School Objectives Projet
    • Medical Schools Objectives Writing Group (1999). Learning objectives for medical student education - guidelines for medical schools: report I of the Medical School Objectives Projet. Acad. Med. 74, 13-18. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199901000-00010
    • (1999) Acad. Med , vol.74 , pp. 13-18
  • 59
    • 84973981203 scopus 로고
    • What is like to be a bat?
    • Nagel, T. (1974). What is like to be a bat? Philos. Rev. 83, 435-450. doi: 10.2307/2183914
    • (1974) Philos. Rev , vol.83 , pp. 435-450
    • Nagel, T.1
  • 60
    • 34347328120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mirror neuron system is more active during complementary compared with imitative action
    • Newman-Norlund, R. D., van Schie, H. T., van Zuijlen, A. M., and Bekkering, H. (2007). The mirror neuron system is more active during complementary compared with imitative action. Nat. Neurosci. 10, 817-818. doi: 10.1038/nn1911
    • (2007) Nat. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 817-818
    • Newman-Norlund, R.D.1    van Schie, H.T.2    van Zuijlen, A.M.3    Bekkering, H.4
  • 61
    • 73449091176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing burnout among general practitioners: is there a possible route?
    • Nielsen, H. G., and Tulinius, C. (2009). Preventing burnout among general practitioners: is there a possible route? Educ. Prim. Care. 20, 353-359. doi: 10.1080/14739879.2009.11493817
    • (2009) Educ. Prim. Care , vol.20 , pp. 353-359
    • Nielsen, H.G.1    Tulinius, C.2
  • 62
    • 84880323653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy is related to clinical competence in medical care
    • Ogle, J., Bushnell, J. A., and Caputi, P. (2013). Empathy is related to clinical competence in medical care. Med. Educ. 47, 824-831. doi: 10.1111/medu.12232
    • (2013) Med. Educ , vol.47 , pp. 824-831
    • Ogle, J.1    Bushnell, J.A.2    Caputi, P.3
  • 63
    • 85070995345 scopus 로고
    • A critique of empathy and sympathy
    • eds J. Lichtenberg, M. Bornstein, and D. Silver (Hillsdal, NJ: The Analytic Press)
    • Olinick, S. L. (1987). A critique of empathy and sympathy, in Empathy, eds J. Lichtenberg, M. Bornstein, and D. Silver (Hillsdal, NJ: The Analytic Press), 137-166
    • (1987) Empathy , pp. 137-166
    • Olinick, S.L.1
  • 64
    • 0003983230 scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: Norton
    • Osler, W. (1963). Aequanimitas. New York, NY: Norton
    • (1963) Aequanimitas
    • Osler, W.1
  • 65
    • 82155185304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnout syndrome among physicians - the role of personality dimensions and coping strategies
    • Pejuškovic, B., Lecic-Toševski, D., Priebe, S., and Toškovic, O. (2011). Burnout syndrome among physicians - the role of personality dimensions and coping strategies. Psychiatr. Danub. 23, 389-395
    • (2011) Psychiatr. Danub , vol.23 , pp. 389-395
    • Pejuškovic, B.1    Lecic-Toševski, D.2    Priebe, S.3    Toškovic, O.4
  • 66
    • 0018050763 scopus 로고
    • Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?
    • Premack, D., and Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behav. Brain Sci. 1, 515-526. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00076512
    • (1978) Behav. Brain Sci , vol.1 , pp. 515-526
    • Premack, D.1    Woodruff, G.2
  • 67
    • 73649085889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "A perception-action model for empathy"
    • T. F. D. Farrow and P. W. R. Woodruff (Cambridge: Cambrige University Press)
    • Preston, S. (2007). "A perception-action model for empathy", in Empathy in Mental Illness, eds T. F. D. Farrow and P. W. R. Woodruff (Cambridge: Cambrige University Press), 428-447
    • (2007) Empathy in Mental Illness , pp. 428-447
    • Preston, S.1
  • 68
    • 0036488272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases
    • discussion: 20-71
    • Preston, S. D., and de Waal, F. B. (2002). Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav. Brain Sci. 25, 1-20, discussion: 20-71
    • (2002) Behav. Brain Sci , vol.25 , pp. 1-20
    • Preston, S.D.1    de Waal, F.B.2
  • 69
    • 84891310745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cry for her or cry with her: context-dependent dissociation of two modes of cinematic empathy reflected in network cohesion dynamics
    • Raz, G., Jacob, Y., Gonen, T., Winetraub, Y., Flash, T., Soreq, E., et al. (2014). Cry for her or cry with her: context-dependent dissociation of two modes of cinematic empathy reflected in network cohesion dynamics. SCAN 9, 30-38. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst052
    • (2014) SCAN , vol.9 , pp. 30-38
    • Raz, G.1    Jacob, Y.2    Gonen, T.3    Winetraub, Y.4    Flash, T.5    Soreq, E.6
  • 70
    • 84876803062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient neglect in healthcare institutions: a systematic review and conceptual model
    • Reader, T. W., and Gillepsie, A. (2013). Patient neglect in healthcare institutions: a systematic review and conceptual model. BMC Health Serv. Res. 13, 156. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-156
    • (2013) BMC Health Serv. Res , vol.13 , pp. 156
    • Reader, T.W.1    Gillepsie, A.2
  • 71
    • 33645106305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of emotion through nonverbal behavior in medical visits
    • Roter, D. L., Frankel, R. M., Hall, J. A., and Sluyter, D. (2006). The expression of emotion through nonverbal behavior in medical visits. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 21, 28-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00306.x
    • (2006) J. Gen. Intern. Med , vol.21 , pp. 28-34
    • Roter, D.L.1    Frankel, R.M.2    Hall, J.A.3    Sluyter, D.4
  • 72
    • 77952696061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the information flow from one brain to another during gestural communication
    • Schippers, M. B., Roebroeck, A., Renken, R., Nanetti, L., and Keysers, C. (2010). Mapping the information flow from one brain to another during gestural communication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 9388-9393. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1001791107
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A , vol.107 , pp. 9388-9393
    • Schippers, M.B.1    Roebroeck, A.2    Renken, R.3    Nanetti, L.4    Keysers, C.5
  • 73
    • 78649656772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional relations of empathy and mentalizing: an fMRI study on the neural bass of cognitive empathy
    • Schnell, K., Bluschke, S., Konradt, B., and Walter, H. (2011). Functional relations of empathy and mentalizing: an fMRI study on the neural bass of cognitive empathy. Neuroimage 54, 1743-1754. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.024
    • (2011) Neuroimage , vol.54 , pp. 1743-1754
    • Schnell, K.1    Bluschke, S.2    Konradt, B.3    Walter, H.4
  • 74
    • 34547647319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mirror neuron and Theory of Mind mechanisms involved in face-to-face interactions: a functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to empathy
    • Schulte-Rüther, M., Markowitsch, H. J., Fink, G. R., and Piefke, M. (2007). Mirror neuron and Theory of Mind mechanisms involved in face-to-face interactions: a functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to empathy. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 19, 1354-1372. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.8.1354
    • (2007) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 1354-1372
    • Schulte-Rüther, M.1    Markowitsch, H.J.2    Fink, G.R.3    Piefke, M.4
  • 75
    • 84867338648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population
    • Shanafelt, T. D., Boone, S., Tan, L., Dyrbye, L. N., Sotile, W., Satele, D., et al. (2012). Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population. Arch. Intern. Med. 172, 1377-1385. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3199
    • (2012) Arch. Intern. Med , vol.172 , pp. 1377-1385
    • Shanafelt, T.D.1    Boone, S.2    Tan, L.3    Dyrbye, L.N.4    Sotile, W.5    Satele, D.6
  • 76
    • 0037022832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnout and self-reported patient care in an internal medicine residency program
    • Shanafelt, T. D., Bradley, K. A., Wipf, J. E., and Back, A. L. (2002). Burnout and self-reported patient care in an internal medicine residency program. Ann. Intern. Med. 136, 358-367. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00008
    • (2002) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.136 , pp. 358-367
    • Shanafelt, T.D.1    Bradley, K.A.2    Wipf, J.E.3    Back, A.L.4
  • 77
    • 22644447931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between increased personal well-being and enhanced empathy among internal medicine residents
    • Shanafelt, T. D., West, C., Zhao, X., Novotny, P., Kolars, J., Habermann, T., et al. (2005). Relationship between increased personal well-being and enhanced empathy among internal medicine residents. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 20, 559-564. doi: 10.1007/s11606-005-0102-8
    • (2005) J. Gen. Intern. Med , vol.20 , pp. 559-564
    • Shanafelt, T.D.1    West, C.2    Zhao, X.3    Novotny, P.4    Kolars, J.5    Habermann, T.6
  • 78
    • 49949092192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnout in European family doctors: the EGPRN study
    • Soler, J. K., Yaman, H., Esteva, M., Dobbs, F., Asenova, R. S., Katic, M., et al. (2008). Burnout in European family doctors: the EGPRN study. Fam. Pract. 25, 245-265. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmn038
    • (2008) Fam. Pract , vol.25 , pp. 245-265
    • Soler, J.K.1    Yaman, H.2    Esteva, M.3    Dobbs, F.4    Asenova, R.S.5    Katic, M.6
  • 80
    • 67649234444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring empathic space: correlates of perspective transformation ability and biases in spatial attention
    • Thakkar, K. N., Brugger, P., and Park, S. (2009). Exploring empathic space: correlates of perspective transformation ability and biases in spatial attention. PLoS ONE. 4:e5864. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005864
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4
    • Thakkar, K.N.1    Brugger, P.2    Park, S.3
  • 81
    • 84898828484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perception et apperception dans l'empathie: une critique des neurons miroir
    • P. Attigui, and A. Cuckiers (Paris: CNRS Editions)
    • Thirioux, B. (2011). Perception et apperception dans l'empathie: une critique des neurons miroir, in Les Paradoxes de l'Empathie, eds P. Attigui, and A. Cuckiers (Paris: CNRS Editions), 73-94
    • (2011) Les Paradoxes de l'Empathie , pp. 73-94
    • Thirioux, B.1
  • 82
    • 64849109361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walking on a line: a motor paradigm using rotation and reflection symmetry to study mental bodily transformations
    • Thirioux, B., Jorland, G., Bret, M., Tramus, M. H., and Berthoz, A. (2009). Walking on a line: a motor paradigm using rotation and reflection symmetry to study mental bodily transformations. Brain Cogn. 70, 191-200. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.02.006
    • (2009) Brain Cogn , vol.70 , pp. 191-200
    • Thirioux, B.1    Jorland, G.2    Bret, M.3    Tramus, M.H.4    Berthoz, A.5
  • 83
    • 84898770354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive and neural time course of empathy and sympathy: an electrical neuroimaging study on self-other interaction
    • Thirioux, B., Mercier, M. R., Blanke, O., and Berthoz, A. (2014). The cognitive and neural time course of empathy and sympathy: an electrical neuroimaging study on self-other interaction. Neuroscience 267, 286-306. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.024
    • (2014) Neuroscience , vol.267 , pp. 286-306
    • Thirioux, B.1    Mercier, M.R.2    Blanke, O.3    Berthoz, A.4
  • 84
    • 77953069205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental imagery of self-location during spontaneous and active self-other interactions: an electrical neuroimaging study
    • Thirioux, B., Mercier, M. R., Jorland, G., Berthoz, A., and Blanke, O. (2010). Mental imagery of self-location during spontaneous and active self-other interactions: an electrical neuroimaging study. J. Neurosci. 30, 7202-7214. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3403-09.2010
    • (2010) J. Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 7202-7214
    • Thirioux, B.1    Mercier, M.R.2    Jorland, G.3    Berthoz, A.4    Blanke, O.5
  • 86
    • 79952008488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burn out, compliance du patient et retrait psychologique chez les médecins généralistes: une étude exploratoire
    • Truchot, D., Roncari, N., and Bantégnie, D. (2011). [Burnout, patient compliance and psychological withdrawal amon GPs: an exploratory study]. Burn out, compliance du patient et retrait psychologique chez les médecins généralistes: une étude exploratoire. L'encéphale 37, 48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2010.03.011
    • (2011) L'encéphale , vol.37 , pp. 48-53
    • Truchot, D.1    Roncari, N.2    Bantégnie, D.3
  • 87
    • 57049128821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between patients' recommendation of their GP and their evaluation of their GP
    • Vedsted, P., and Heje, H. N. (2008). Association between patients' recommendation of their GP and their evaluation of their GP. Scand. J. Prim. Health Care 26, 228-234. doi: 10.1080/02813430802294886
    • (2008) Scand. J. Prim. Health Care , vol.26 , pp. 228-234
    • Vedsted, P.1    Heje, H.N.2
  • 88
    • 84994864454 scopus 로고
    • Les états d'épuisement
    • Veil, C. (1959). Les états d'épuisement. Conc. Méd. 23, 2675-2681
    • (1959) Conc. Méd , vol.23 , pp. 2675-2681
    • Veil, C.1
  • 90
    • 84856456932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social cognitive neuroscience of empathy. Concepts, circuits and genes
    • Walter, H. (2012). Social cognitive neuroscience of empathy. Concepts, circuits and genes. EMR 4, 9-17. doi: 10.1177/1754073911421379
    • (2012) EMR , vol.4 , pp. 9-17
    • Walter, H.1
  • 91
    • 0032213489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the literature on patient priorities for general practice care. Part. 1. description of the research domain
    • Wensing, M., Jung, H. P., Mainz, J., Olesen, F., and Grol, R. (1998). A systematic review of the literature on patient priorities for general practice care. Part 1: description of the research domain. Soc. Sci. Med. 47, 1573-1588. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00222-6
    • (1998) Soc. Sci. Med , vol.47 , pp. 1573-1588
    • Wensing, M.1    Jung, H.P.2    Mainz, J.3    Olesen, F.4    Grol, R.5
  • 92
    • 33748438134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of perceived medical errors with residents distress and empathy
    • West, C. P., Huschka, M. M., Novotny, P. J., Sloan, J. A., Kolatrs, J. C., Habermann, T. M., et al. (2006). Association of perceived medical errors with residents distress and empathy. JAMA 296, 1071-1078. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.9.1071
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1071-1078
    • West, C.P.1    Huschka, M.M.2    Novotny, P.J.3    Sloan, J.A.4    Kolatrs, J.C.5    Habermann, T.M.6
  • 93
    • 0344688231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both of us disgusted in My insula: the common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust
    • Wicker, B., Keysers, C., Plailly, J., Royet, J. P., Gallese, V., and Rizzolatti, G. (2003). Both of us disgusted in My insula: the common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron 40, 655-664. doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00679-2
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.40 , pp. 655-664
    • Wicker, B.1    Keysers, C.2    Plailly, J.3    Royet, J.P.4    Gallese, V.5    Rizzolatti, G.6
  • 94
    • 77949576361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding physicians' intentions to withdraw from practice: the role of job satisfaction, job stress, mental and physical health
    • Williams, E. S., Konrad, T. R., Scheckler, W. E., Pathman, D. E., Linzer, M., McMurray, J. E., et al. (2010). Understanding physicians' intentions to withdraw from practice: the role of job satisfaction, job stress, mental and physical health. Health Care Manage. Rev. 35, 105-115. doi: 10.1097/01.HMR.0000304509.58297.6f
    • (2010) Health Care Manage. Rev , vol.35 , pp. 105-115
    • Williams, E.S.1    Konrad, T.R.2    Scheckler, W.E.3    Pathman, D.E.4    Linzer, M.5    McMurray, J.E.6
  • 95
    • 0014334192 scopus 로고
    • The doctor-patient relationship and the issues of pity, sympathy and empathy
    • Wilmer, H. A. (1968). The doctor-patient relationship and the issues of pity, sympathy and empathy. Br. J. Med. Psychol. 41, 243-248. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1968.tb02029.x
    • (1968) Br. J. Med. Psychol , vol.41 , pp. 243-248
    • Wilmer, H.A.1
  • 96
    • 43849084090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation, projection, and empathy
    • Zahavi, D. (2008). Simulation, projection, and empathy. Conscious. Cogn. 17, 514-522. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.03.010
    • (2008) Conscious. Cogn , vol.17 , pp. 514-522
    • Zahavi, D.1
  • 97
    • 84865025971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burnout and empathy in primary care: three hypotheses
    • Zenasni, F., Boujut, E., Woerner, A., and Sultan, S. (2012). Burnout and empathy in primary care: three hypotheses. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 62, 346-347. doi: 10.3399/bjgp12X652193
    • (2012) Br. J. Gen. Pract , vol.62 , pp. 346-347
    • Zenasni, F.1    Boujut, E.2    Woerner, A.3    Sultan, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.