Infant negative reactivity defines the effects of parent-child synchrony on physiological and behavioral regulation of social stress

Development and Psychopathology

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 1191-1204

  Pratt, Maayan ^a   Singer, Magi ^a   Kanat Maymon, Yaniv ^b   Feldman, Ruth ^a  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b Interdisciplinarty Center   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AROUSAL; CHILD BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPLICATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; STATISTICS; TEMPERAMENT;

AROUSAL; CHILD BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MOTHER-CHILD RELATIONS; REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER; SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; STATISTICS AS TOPIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; TEMPERAMENT;

EID: 84973360914     PISSN: 09545794     EISSN: 14692198     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579415000760     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Odessa, FL: Pediatric Psychology Press.
2. Adamson, L. B., & Frick, J. E. (2003). The still face: A history of a shared experimental paradigm. Infancy, 4, 451-473.
3. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Apter-Levy, Y., Feldman, M., Vakart, A., Ebstein, R. P., & Feldman, R. (2013). Impact of maternal depression across the first 6 years of life on the child's mental health, social engagement, and empathy: The moderating role of oxytocin. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 1161-1168.
5. Arbuckle, J. L. (2009). Amos 18 user's guide. Chicago: SPSS.
6. Bates, J. E., Freeland, C. A. B., & Lounsbury, M. L. (1979). Measurement of infant difficultness. Child Development, 50, 794-803.
7. Bazhenova, O. V, Plonskaia, O., & Porges, S. W. (2001). Vagal reactivity and affective adjustment in infants during interaction challenges. Child Development, 72, 1314-1326.
8. Beebe, B., Lachmann, F., Jaffe, J., Markese, S., Buck, K. A., Chen, H., et al. (2012). Maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and 4-month motherinfant interaction. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 29, 383-407. doi:10. 1037/a0029387
9. Beebe, B., Steele, M., Jaffe, J., Buck, K. A., Chen, H., Cohen, P., et al. (2011). Maternal anxiety symptoms and mother-infant self-and interactive contingency. Infant Mental Health Journal, 32, 174-206. doi:10. 1002/imhj. 20274
10. Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). For better and for worse: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 300-304. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8721. 2007. 00525. x
11. Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2009). Beyond diathesis stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 885-908. doi:10. 1037/a0017376
12. Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2013). Beyond risk, resilience, and dysregulation: Phenotypic plasticity and human development. Development and Psychopathology, 25(4, Part 2), 1243-1261. doi:10. 1017/S095457941300059X
13. Bentler, P. M., & Bonnet, D. C. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 588-606.
14. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
15. Boyce, W. T., & Ellis, B. J. (2005). Biological sensitivity to context: I. An evolutionary-developmental theory of the origins and functions of stress reactivity. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 271-301.
16. Braungart-Rieker, J. M., Garwood, M. M., Powers, B. P., & Wang, X. (2014). Parental sensitivity, infant affect, and affect regulation: Predictors of later attachment. Child Development, 72, 252-270.
17. Browne, M. W., Cudeck, R., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 230-258.
18. Burgess, K. B., Marshall, P. J., Rubin, K. H., & Fox, N. A. (2003). Infant attachment and temperament as predictors of subsequent externalizing problems and cardiac physiology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 44, 819-831.
19. Calkins, S. D., Graziano, P. A., & Keane, S. P. (2007). Cardiac vagal regulation differentiates among children at risk for behavior problems. Biological Psychology, 74, 144-153. doi:10. 1016/j. biopsycho. 2006. 09. 005
20. Campbell, J., & Ehlert, U. (2012). Acute psychosocial stress: Does the emotional stress response correspond with physiological responses? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37, 1111-1134. doi:10. 1016/j. psyneuen. 2011. 12. 010
21. Cerezo, M. A., Pons-Salvador, G., & Trenado, R. M. (2008). Mother-infant interaction and children's socio-emotional development with high-and low-risk mothers. Infant Behavior and Development, 31, 578-589. doi:10. 1016/j. infbeh. 2008. 07. 010
22. Clark, A. L., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 103-116.
23. Cohn, J. F., & Tronick, E. Z. (1983). Three-month-old infants' reaction to simulated maternal depression. Child Development, 54, 185-193.
24. Collins, W. A., Maccoby, E. E., Steinberg, L., Hetherington, E. M., & Bornstein, M. H. (2000). Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture. American Psychologist, 55, 218-232. doi:10. 1037/0003-066X. 55. 2. 218
25. Crockenberg, S. C., Leerkes, E. M., & Bárrig Jó, P. S. (2008). Predicting aggressive behavior in the third year from infant reactivity and regulation as moderated by maternal behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 37-54. doi:10. 1017/S0954579408000023
26. Degnan, K. A., & Fox, N. A. (2007). Behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders: Multiple levels of a resilience process. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 729-746. doi:10. 1017/S0954579407000363
27. Denham, S. A., Workman, E., Cole, P. M., Weissbrod, C., Kendziora, K. T., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2000). Prediction of externalizing behavior problems from early to middle childhood: The role of parental socialization and emotion expression. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 23-45.
28. Doussard-Roosevelt, J. A., McClenny, B. D., & Porges, S. W. (2001). Neonatal cardiac vagal tone and school-age developmental outcome in very low birth weight infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 38, 56-66.
29. Feldman, R. (2006). From biological rhythms to social rhythms: Physiological precursors of mother-infant synchrony. Developmental Psychology, 42, 175-188. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 42. 1. 175
30. Feldman, R. (2007a). On the origins of background emotions: From affect synchrony to symbolic expression. Emotion, 7, 601-611. doi:10. 1037/1528-3542. 7. 3. 601
31. Feldman, R. (2007b). Parent-infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing: Physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 48, 329-354. doi:10. 1111/j. 1469-7610. 2006. 01701. x
32. Feldman, R. (2007c). Parent-infant synchrony: Biological foundations and developmental outcomes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 340-345. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8721. 2007. 00532. x
33. Feldman, R. (2008). The intrauterine environment, temperament, and development: Including the biological foundations of individual differences in the study of psychopathology and wellness. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 233-235.
34. Feldman, R. (2009). The development of regulatory functions from birth to 5 years: Insights from premature infants. Child Development, 80, 544-561. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2009. 01278. x
35. Feldman, R. (2012). Bio-behavioral synchrony: A model for integrating biological and microsocial behavioral processes in the study of parenting. Parenting, 12, 154-164. doi:10. 1080/15295192. 2012. 683342
36. Feldman, R. (2015). Sensitive periods in human social development: New insights from research on oxytocin, synchrony, and high-risk parenting. Development and Psychopathology. Advance online publication.
37. Feldman, R., Dollberg, D., & Nadam, R. (2011). The expression and regulation of anger in toddlers: Relations to maternal behavior and mental representations. Infant Behavior & Development, 34, 310-320. doi:10. 1016/j. infbeh. 2011. 02. 001
38. Feldman, R., & Eidelman, A. I. (2004). Parent-infant synchrony and the social-emotional development of triplets. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1133-1147. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 40. 6. 1133
39. Feldman, R., & Eidelman, A. I. (2007). Maternal postpartum behavior and the emergence of infant-mother and infant-father synchrony in preterm and full-term infants: The role of neonatal vagal tone. Developmental Psychobiology, 49, 290-302.
40. Feldman, R., & Eidelman, A. I. (2009). Biological and environmental initial conditions shape the trajectories of cognitive and social-emotional development across the first years of life. Developmental Science, 12, 194-200. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-7687. 2008. 00761. x
41. Feldman, R., Gordon, I., Influs, M., Gutbir, T., & Ebstein, R. P. (2013). Parental oxytocin and early caregiving jointly shape children's oxytocin response and social reciprocity. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38, 1154-1162.
42. Feldman, R., Gordon, I., & Zagoory-Sharon, O. (2010). The cross-generation transmission of oxytocin in humans. Hormones and Behavior, 58, 669-676. doi:10. 1016/j. yhbeh. 2010. 06. 005
43. Feldman, R., & Greenbaum, C. W. (1997). Affect regulation and synchrony in mother-infant play as precursors to the development of symbolic competence. Infant Mental Health Journal, 18, 4-23.
44. Feldman, R., Greenbaum, C. W., Mayes, L. C., & Erlich, S. H. (1997). Change in mother-infant interactive behavior: Relations to change in the mother, the infant, and the social context. Infant Behavior and Development, 20, 151-163. doi:10. 1016/S0163-6383(97)90018-7
45. Feldman, R., Greenbaum, C. W., & Yirmiya, N. (1999). Mother-infant affect synchrony as an antecend of the emergence of self control. Developmental Psychology, 35, 223-231.
46. Feldman, R., Rosenthal, Z., & Eidelman, A. I. (2014). Maternal-preterm skin-to-skin contact enhances child physiologic organization and cognitive control across the first 10 years of life. Biological Psychiatry, 75, 56-64. doi:10. 1016/j. biopsych. 2013. 08. 012
47. Feldman, R., Singer, M., & Zagoory, O. (2010). Touch attenuates infants' physiological reactivity to stress. Developmental Science, 13, 271-278. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-7687. 2009. 00890. x
48. Field, T., Healy, B. T., Goldstein, S., & Guthertz, M. (1990). Behavior-state matching and synchrony in mother-infant interactions of nondepressed versus depressed dyads. Developmental Psychology, 26, 7-14. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 26. 1. 7
49. Fox, N. A., & Calkins, S. D. (2003). The development of self-control of emotion: Intrinsic and extrinsic influences 1. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 7-26.
50. Frenkel, T. I., Fox, N. A., Pine, D. S., Walker, O. L., Degnan, K. A., & Chronis-Tuscano, A. (2015). Early childhood behavioral inhibition, adult psychopathology and the buffering effects of adolescent social networks: A twenty-year prospective study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. Advance online publication. doi:10. 1111/jcpp. 12390
51. Geva, R., & Feldman, R. (2008). A neurobiological model for the effects of early brainstem functioning on the development of behavior and emotion regulation in infants: Implications for prenatal and perinatal risk. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 49, 1031-1041. doi:10. 1111/j. 1469-7610. 2008. 01918. x
52. Graziano, P., & Derefinko, K. (2013). Cardiac vagal control and children's adaptive functioning: A meta-analysis. Biological Psychology, 94, 22-37. doi:10. 1016/j. biopsycho. 2013. 04. 011
53. Grienenberger, J. F., Kelly, K., & Slade, A. (2005). Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: Exploring the link betweenmental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 299-311. doi:10. 1080/14616730500245963
54. Ham, J., & Tronick, E. (2006). Infant resilience to the stress of the still-face: Infant and maternal psychophysiology are related. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094, 297-302. doi:10. 1196/annals. 1376. 038
55. Hane, A. A., Fox, N. A., Henderson, H. A., & Marshall, P. J. (2009). Behavioral reactivity and approach-withdrawal bias in infancy. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1491-1496. doi:10. 1037/a0012855
56. Harrist, A. W., & Waugh, R. M. (2002). Dyadic synchrony: Its structure and function in children's development. Developmental Review, 22, 555-592. doi:10. 1016/S0273-2297(02)00500-2
57. Hastings, P. D., Nuselovici, J. N., Utendale, W. T., Coutya, J., McShane, K. E., & Sullivan, C. (2008). Applying the polyvagal theory to children's emotion regulation: Social context, socialization, and adjustment. Biological Psychology, 79, 299-306. doi:10. 1016/j. biopsycho. 2008. 07. 005
58. Hill, A. L., Degnan, K. A., Calkins, S. D., & Keane, S. P. (2006). Profiles of externalizing behavior problems for boys and girls across preschool: The roles of emotion regulation and inattention. Developmental Psychology, 42, 913-928. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 42. 5. 913
59. Hofer, M. A. (1995). Hidden regulators. Attachment theory: Social, developmental and clinical perspectives (pp. 203-230). Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
60. Holochwost, S. J., Gariépy, J.-L., Propper, C. B., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Moore, G. A. (2014). Parenting behaviors and vagal tone at six months predict attachment disorganization at twelve months. Developmental Psychobiology, 56, 1423-1430. doi:10. 1002/dev. 21221
61. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
62. Jaekel, J., Pluess, M., Belsky, J., & Wolke, D. (2014). Effects of maternal sensitivity on low birth weight children's academic achievement: A test of differential susceptibility versus diathesis stress. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. Advance online publication. doi:10. 1111/jcpp. 12331
63. Jaffee, S., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Belsky, J., & Silva, P. (2001). Why are children born to teen mothers at risk for adverse outcomes in young adulthood? Results from a 20-year longitudinal study. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 377-397.
64. Kagan, J., Snidman, N., Kahn, V., & Towsley, S. (2007). The preservation of two infant temperaments into adolescence. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 72, 1-75, vii; discussion, 76-91. doi:10. 1111/j. 1540-5834. 2007. 00436. x
65. Kaitz, M., Maytal, H. R., Devor, N., Bergman, L., & Mankuta, D. (2010). Maternal anxiety, mother-infant interactions, and infants' response to challenge. Infant Behavior & Development, 33, 136-148. doi:10. 1016/j. infbeh. 2009. 12. 003
66. Kiff, C. J., Lengua, L. J., & Zalewski, M. (2011). Nature and nurturing: Parenting in the context of child temperament. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 251-301. doi:10. 1007/s10567-011-0093-4
67. Kim, P., Feldman, R., Mayes, L. C., Eicher, V., Thompson, N., Leckman, J. F., et al. (2011). Breastfeeding, brain activation to own infant cry, and maternal sensitivity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 52, 907-915. doi:10. 1111/j. 1469-7610. 2011. 02406. x
68. Kim, S., & Kochanska, G. (2013). Child temperament moderates effects of parent-child mutuality on self-regulation: A relationship-based path for emotionally negative infants. Child Development, 83, 1275-1289. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2012. 01778. x. Child
69. Kim-Spoon, J., Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2012). A longitudinal study of emotion regulation, emotion lability-negativity, and internalizing symptomatology in maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Child Development, 84, 512-527. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2012. 01857. x
70. Kochanska, G., Murray, K., & Coy, K. C. (1997). Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood: From toddler to early school age. Child Development, 68, 263-277. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 1997. tb01939. x
71. Kochanska, G., Philibert, R. A., & Barry, R. A. (2009). Interplay of genes and early mother-child relationship in the development of self-regulation from toddler to preschool age. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 50, 1331-1338. doi:10. 1111/j. 1469-7610. 2008. 02050. x
72. Kochanska, G., Tjebkes, J. L., & Fortnan, D. R. (2008). Children's emerging regulation of conduct: Restraint, compliance, and internalization from infancy to the second year. ChildDevelopment, 69, 1378-1389. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 1998. tb06218. x
73. Kopp, C. B. (1989). Regulation of distress and negative emotions: A developmental view. Developmental Psychology, 25, 343-354. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 25. 3. 343
74. Koulomzin, M., Beebe, B., Anderson, S., & Jaffe, J. (2002). Infant gaze, head, face and self-touch at 4 months differentiate secure vs. avoidant attachment at 1 year: A microanalytic approach. Attachment and Human Development, 4, 3-24.
75. MacLean, P. C., Rynes, K. N., Aragón, C., Caprihan, A., Phillips, J. P., & Lowe, J. R. (2014). Mother-infant mutual eye gaze supports emotion regulation in infancy during the Still-Face Paradigm. Infant Behavior and Development, 37, 512-522. doi:10. 1016/j. infbeh. 2014. 06. 008
76. Madigan, S., Moran, G., & Pederson, D. R. (2006). Unresolved states of mind, disorganized attachment relationships, and disrupted interactions of adolescent mothers and their infants. Developmental Psychology, 42, 293-304. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 42. 2. 293
77. Mertesacker, B., Bade, U., Haverkock, A., & Pauli-Pott, U. (2004). Predicting maternal reactivity/sensitivity: The role of infant emotionality, maternal depressiveness/anxiety, and social support. Infant Mental Health Journal, 25, 47-61. doi:10. 1002/imhj. 10085
78. Mesman, J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2009). The many faces of the Still-Face Paradigm: A review and meta-analysis. Developmental Review, 29, 120-162. doi:10. 1016/j. dr. 2009. 02. 001
79. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Pereg, D. (2003). Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies 1. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 77-102.
80. Mills-Koonce, W. R., Gariépy, J.-L., Propper, C., Sutton, K., Calkins, S., Moore, G., et al. (2007). Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity: A caregiver-attachment systems approach. Infant Behavior and Development, 30, 114-126. doi:10. 1016/j. infbeh. 2006. 11. 010
81. Moore, G. A., & Calkins, S. D. (2004). Infants' vagal regulation in the Still-Face Paradigm is related to dyadic coordination of mother-infant interaction. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1068-1080. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 40. 6. 1068
82. Moore, G. A., Cohn, J. F., & Campbell, S. B. (2001). Infant affective responses to mother's still face at 6 months differentially predict externalizing and internalizing behaviors at 18 months. Developmental Psychology, 37, 706-714. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 37. 5. 706
83. Moore, G. A., Hill-Soderlund, A. L., Propper, C. B., Calkins, S. D., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Cox, M. J. (2009). Mother-infant vagal regulation in the face-to-face Still-Face Paradigm is moderated by maternal sensitivity. Child Development, 80, 209-223. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2008. 01255. x
84. Murray, L., Fiori-Cowley, A., Hooper, R., & Cooper, P. (1996). The impact of postnatal depression and associated adversity on early mother-infant interactions and later infant outcome. Child Development, 67, 2512-2526. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 1996. tb01871. x
85. Parfitt, Y. M., & Ayers, S. (2009). The effect of post-natal symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression on the couple's relationship and parentbaby bond. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 27, 127-142. doi:10. 1080/02646830802350831
86. Pluess, M., & Belsky, J. (2009). Differential susceptibility to rearing experience: The case of childcare. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 50, 396-404. doi:10. 1111/j. 1469-7610. 2008. 01992. x
87. Poehlmanna, J., Hanea, A., Burnsona, C., Malecka, S., Hamburgera, E., & Shah, P. E. (2013). Preterm infants who are prone to distress: Differential effects of parenting on 36-month behavioral and cognitive outcomes. Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 1018-1025. doi:10. 1111/j. 1469-7610. 2012. 02564. x
88. Porges, S. W. (1985). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: An index of vagal tone. In F. J. Orlebeke, G. Mulder, & L. J. P. Van Dornen (Eds.), Psychophysiology of cardiovascular control: Models, methods, and data (pp. 437-450). New York: Plenum Press.
89. Porges, S. W. (2001). The polyvagal theory: Phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 42, 123-146.
90. Porges, S. W. (2003). The polyvagal theory: Phylogenetic contributions to social behavior. Physiology & Behavior, 79, 503-513. doi:10. 1016/S0031-9384(03)00156-2
91. Porges, S. W. (2007). The polyvagal perspective. Biological Psychology, 74, 116-143. doi:10. 1016/j. biopsycho. 2006. 06. 009
92. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891. doi:10. 3758/BRM. 40. 3. 879
93. Provost, M. A., & Gouin-Decarie, T. (1979). Heart rate reactivity of 9-and 12-month-old infants showing specific emotions in a natural setting. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2, 109-120.
94. Reyna, B. A., & Pickler, R. H. (2009). Mother-infant synchrony. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 38, 470-477. doi:10. 1111/j. 1552-6909. 2009. 01044. x
95. Rigdon, E. E. (1996). CFI versusRMSEA:Acomparison of two fit indexes for structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 3, 369-379.
96. Roisman, G. I., Newman, D. A., Fraley, R. C., Haltigan, J. D., Groh, A. M., & Haydon, K. C. (2012). Distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress: Recommendations for evaluating interaction effects. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 389-409. doi:10. 1017/S0954579412000065
97. Rothbart, M. K., & Derryberry, D. (1981). Development of individual differences in temperament. In Advances in developmental psychology (pp. 37-86). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
98. Rothbart, M. K., Sheese, B. E., Rueda, M. R., & Posner, M. I. (2011). Developing mechanisms of self-regulation in early life. Emotion Review, 3, 207-213. doi:10. 1177/1754073910387943
99. Rothbart, M. K., Ziaie, H., & O'Boyle, C. G. (1992). Self-regulation and emotion in infancy. New Directions for Child Development, 55, 7-23.
100. Sameroff, A. J. (2009). The transactional model. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
101. Sameroff, A. J. (2010). A unified theory of development: A dialectic integration of nature and nurture. Child Development, 81, 6-22. doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2009. 01378. x
102. Schore, A. N. (2000). Attachment and the regulation of the right brain. Attachment & Human Development, 2, 23-47. doi:10. 1080/146167300361309
103. Seifer, R., Schiller, M., Sameroff, A. J., Resnick, S., & Riordan, K. (1996). Attachment, maternal sensitivity, and infant temperament during the first year of life. Developmental Psychology, 32, 12-25. doi:10. 1037/0012-1649. 32. 1. 12
104. Skuban, E. M., Shaw, D. S., Gardner, F., Supplee, L. H., & Nichols, S. R. (2006). The correlates of dyadic synchrony in high-risk, low-income toddler boys. Infant Behavior and Development, 29, 423-434. doi:10. 1016/j. infbeh. 2006. 02. 004
105. Stack, D. M., & Muir, D. W. (1992). Adult tactile stimulation during face-toface interactions modulates five-month-olds' affect and attention. Child Development, 63, 1509-1525.
106. Stein, A., Craske, M. G., Lehtonen, A., Harvey, A., Savage-McGlynn, E., Davies, B., et al. (2012). Maternal cognitions and mother-infant interaction in postnatal depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 795-809. doi:10. 1037/a0026847
107. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). New York: Allyn & Bacon.
108. Tarabulsy, G. M., Provost, M. A., Deslandes, J., St.-Laurent, D., Moss, E., Lemelin, J.-P., et al. (2003). Individual differences in infant still-face response at 6 months. Infant Behavior and Development, 26, 421-438. doi:10. 1016/S0163-6383(03)00039-0
109. Tronick, E. Z. (2007). The neurobehavioral and social-emotional development of infants and children. New York: Norton.
110. Williams, L. R., Degnan, K. A., Perez-Edgar, K. E., Henderson, H. A., Rubin, K. H., Pine, D. S., et al. (2009). Impact of behavioral inhibition and parenting style on internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 1063-1075. doi:10. 1007/s10802-009-9331-3. Impact
111. Zelkowitz, P., Papageorgiou, A., Bardin, C., & Wang, T. (2009). Persistent maternal anxiety affects the interaction between mothers and their very low birthweight children at 24 months. Early Human Development, 85, 51-58. doi:10. 1016/j. earlhumdev. 2008. 06. 010
112. Zuckerman, M. (1999). Vulnerability to psychopathology: A biosocial model (pp. 3-23). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.