메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 183, Issue , 2016, Pages 129-143

Ultra-fine grain landscape-scale quantification of dryland vegetation structure with drone-acquired structure-from-motion photogrammetry

Author keywords

Biomass; Biophysical; Canopy height model; Grassland; Rangeland; Semi arid; SfM; Shrubland; UAS; UAV; Vegetation

Indexed keywords

ANTENNAS; BIOMASS; DRONES; FORESTRY; PHOTOGRAMMETRY; UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV); VEGETATION;

EID: 84971645573     PISSN: 00344257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2016.05.019     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (288)

References (144)
  • 1
    • 0028410592 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to overland flow on semiarid grassland and shrubland hillslopes, Walnut Gulch, southern Arizona
    • Abrahams A.D., Parsons A.J., Wainwright J. Resistance to overland flow on semiarid grassland and shrubland hillslopes, Walnut Gulch, southern Arizona. Journal of Hydrology 1994, 156:431-446.
    • (1994) Journal of Hydrology , vol.156 , pp. 431-446
    • Abrahams, A.D.1    Parsons, A.J.2    Wainwright, J.3
  • 3
    • 74549196346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystems and human wellbeing: Desertification synthesis
    • World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C.
    • Adeel Z., Safriel U., Niemeijer D., White R. Ecosystems and human wellbeing: Desertification synthesis. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C.
    • (2005) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
    • Adeel, Z.1    Safriel, U.2    Niemeijer, D.3    White, R.4
  • 7
    • 84930007972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 sink
    • 2 sink. Science 2015, 348(6237):895-899. 10.1126/science.aaa1668.
    • (2015) Science , vol.348 , Issue.6237 , pp. 895-899
    • Ahlström, A.1
  • 8
    • 40949141533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allometry, growth and population regulation of the desert shrub Larrea tridentata
    • Allen A.P., Pockman W.T., Restrepo C., Milne B.T. Allometry, growth and population regulation of the desert shrub Larrea tridentata. Functional Ecology 2008, 22(2):197-204. 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01376.x.
    • (2008) Functional Ecology , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-204
    • Allen, A.P.1    Pockman, W.T.2    Restrepo, C.3    Milne, B.T.4
  • 9
    • 84875989699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will revolutionise spatial ecology
    • Anderson K., Gaston K.J. Lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will revolutionise spatial ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2013, 11(3):138-146. 10.1890/120150.
    • (2013) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 138-146
    • Anderson, K.1    Gaston, K.J.2
  • 10
    • 84858958316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canopy area and aboveground mass of individual redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii) trees
    • Ansley R.J., Mirik M., Surber B.W., Park S.C. Canopy area and aboveground mass of individual redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii) trees. Rangeland Ecology & Management 2012, 65(2):189-195. 10.2111/REM-D-11-00112.1.
    • (2012) Rangeland Ecology & Management , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-195
    • Ansley, R.J.1    Mirik, M.2    Surber, B.W.3    Park, S.C.4
  • 11
    • 84864226090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution mapping of forest carbon stocks in the Colombian Amazon
    • Asner G.P., et al. High-resolution mapping of forest carbon stocks in the Colombian Amazon. Biogeosciences 2012, 9(7):2683-2696. 10.5194/bg-9-2683-2012.
    • (2012) Biogeosciences , vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp. 2683-2696
    • Asner, G.P.1
  • 12
    • 62749087773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A first map of tropical Africa's above-ground biomass derived from satellite imagery
    • Baccini A., Laporte N., Goetz S.J., Sun M., Dong H. A first map of tropical Africa's above-ground biomass derived from satellite imagery. Environmental Research Letters 2008, 3(4):045011. 10.1088/1748-9326/3/4/045011.
    • (2008) Environmental Research Letters , vol.3 , Issue.4
    • Baccini, A.1    Laporte, N.2    Goetz, S.J.3    Sun, M.4    Dong, H.5
  • 13
    • 84952042862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching the phenology of net ecosystem exchange and vegetation indices estimated with MODIS and FLUXNET in-situ observations
    • Balzarolo M., et al. Matching the phenology of net ecosystem exchange and vegetation indices estimated with MODIS and FLUXNET in-situ observations. Remote Sensing of Environment 2016, 174:290-300. 10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.017.
    • (2016) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.174 , pp. 290-300
    • Balzarolo, M.1
  • 14
    • 0002411133 scopus 로고
    • Desert dogma reexamined: Root/shoot productivity and plant spacing
    • Barbour M.G. Desert dogma reexamined: Root/shoot productivity and plant spacing. American Midland Naturalist 1973, 89(1):41-57. 10.2307/2424134.
    • (1973) American Midland Naturalist , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-57
    • Barbour, M.G.1
  • 17
    • 84922330650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the dynamics of soil erosion and vegetative control - Catastrophe and hysteresis
    • Burg D., Malkinson D., Katriel G., Wittenberg L. Modeling the dynamics of soil erosion and vegetative control - Catastrophe and hysteresis. Theoretical Ecology 2015, 8(1):67-79. 10.1007/s12080-014-0233-9.
    • (2015) Theoretical Ecology , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-79
    • Burg, D.1    Malkinson, D.2    Katriel, G.3    Wittenberg, L.4
  • 18
    • 84922331964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nondestructive estimates of above-ground biomass using terrestrial laser scanning
    • Calders K., et al. Nondestructive estimates of above-ground biomass using terrestrial laser scanning. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2015, 6(2):198-208. 10.1111/2041-210X.12301.
    • (2015) Methods in Ecology and Evolution , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 198-208
    • Calders, K.1
  • 20
    • 0001101468 scopus 로고
    • The primary productivity of a desert-shrub (Larrea tridentata) community
    • Chew R.M., Chew A.E. The primary productivity of a desert-shrub (Larrea tridentata) community. Ecological Monographs 1965, 35(4):355-375. 10.2307/1942146.
    • (1965) Ecological Monographs , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 355-375
    • Chew, R.M.1    Chew, A.E.2
  • 21
    • 39649088980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing sagebrush allometric relationships across three fire chronosequences in Wyoming, USA
    • Cleary M.B., Pendall E., Ewers B.E. Testing sagebrush allometric relationships across three fire chronosequences in Wyoming, USA. Journal of Arid Environments 2008, 72(4):285-301. 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.07.013.
    • (2008) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 285-301
    • Cleary, M.B.1    Pendall, E.2    Ewers, B.E.3
  • 22
    • 0026278621 scopus 로고
    • A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data
    • Congalton R.G. A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment 1991, 37(1):35-46. 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90048-B.
    • (1991) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-46
    • Congalton, R.G.1
  • 23
    • 0036292159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen fertilization alters the functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizas at two semiarid grasslands
    • Corkidi L., Rowland D.L., Johnson N.C., Allen E.B. Nitrogen fertilization alters the functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizas at two semiarid grasslands. Plant and Soil 2002, 240(2):299-310. 10.1023/A:1015792204633.
    • (2002) Plant and Soil , vol.240 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-310
    • Corkidi, L.1    Rowland, D.L.2    Johnson, N.C.3    Allen, E.B.4
  • 24
    • 84883269983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrological hotspots in blanket peatlands: Spatial variation in peat permeability around a natural soil pipe
    • Cunliffe A.M., Baird A.J., Holden J. Hydrological hotspots in blanket peatlands: Spatial variation in peat permeability around a natural soil pipe. Water Resources Research 2013, 49(9):5342-5354. 10.1002/wrcr.20435.
    • (2013) Water Resources Research , vol.49 , Issue.9 , pp. 5342-5354
    • Cunliffe, A.M.1    Baird, A.J.2    Holden, J.3
  • 26
    • 84859428988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil moisture dynamics in water-limited ecosystems
    • Springer, P. D'Odorico, A. Porporato (Eds.)
    • D'Odorico P., Porporato A. Soil moisture dynamics in water-limited ecosystems. Dryland Ecohydrology 2006, 31-46. Springer. P. D'Odorico, A. Porporato (Eds.).
    • (2006) Dryland Ecohydrology , pp. 31-46
    • D'Odorico, P.1    Porporato, A.2
  • 27
    • 84860407983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of vegetation structure using computer vision
    • Dandois J.P., Ellis E.C. Remote sensing of vegetation structure using computer vision. Remote Sensing 2010, 2(4):1157-1176. 10.3390/rs2041157.
    • (2010) Remote Sensing , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 1157-1176
    • Dandois, J.P.1    Ellis, E.C.2
  • 28
    • 84878711045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High spatial resolution three-dimensional mapping of vegetation spectral dynamics using computer vision
    • Dandois J.P., Ellis E.C. High spatial resolution three-dimensional mapping of vegetation spectral dynamics using computer vision. Remote Sensing of Environment 2013, 136:259-276. 10.1016/j.rse.2013.04.005.
    • (2013) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.136 , pp. 259-276
    • Dandois, J.P.1    Ellis, E.C.2
  • 29
    • 84945956589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal altitude, overlap, and weather conditions for computer vision UAV estimates of forest structure
    • Dandois J.P., Olano M., Ellis E.C. Optimal altitude, overlap, and weather conditions for computer vision UAV estimates of forest structure. Remote Sensing 2015, 7(10):13895-13920. 10.3390/rs71013895.
    • (2015) Remote Sensing , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. 13895-13920
    • Dandois, J.P.1    Olano, M.2    Ellis, E.C.3
  • 30
    • 0031048656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) canopy morphology in relation to habitat, soil fertility and associated annual plant communities
    • De Soyza A.G., Whitford W.G., Martinez-Meza E., Van Zee J.W. Variation in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) canopy morphology in relation to habitat, soil fertility and associated annual plant communities. American Midland Naturalist 1997, 137(1):13-26. 10.2307/2426751.
    • (1997) American Midland Naturalist , vol.137 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-26
    • De Soyza, A.G.1    Whitford, W.G.2    Martinez-Meza, E.3    Van Zee, J.W.4
  • 31
    • 0034863377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fire, grazing, and the presence of shrubs on Chihuahuan desert grasslands
    • Drewa P.B., Havstad K.M. Effects of fire, grazing, and the presence of shrubs on Chihuahuan desert grasslands. Journal of Arid Environments 2001, 48:429-443. 10.1006/jare.2000.0769.
    • (2001) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.48 , pp. 429-443
    • Drewa, P.B.1    Havstad, K.M.2
  • 32
    • 84862999978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to the invited issue on carbon allocation of trees and forests
    • Epron D., Nouvellon Y., Ryan M.G. Introduction to the invited issue on carbon allocation of trees and forests. Tree Physiology 2012, 32(6):639-643. 10.1093/treephys/tps055.
    • (2012) Tree Physiology , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 639-643
    • Epron, D.1    Nouvellon, Y.2    Ryan, M.G.3
  • 33
    • 0038390405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaf size and angle vary widely across species: What consequences for light interception?
    • Falster D.S., Westoby M. Leaf size and angle vary widely across species: What consequences for light interception?. New Phytologist 2003, 158(3):509-525. 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00765.x.
    • (2003) New Phytologist , vol.158 , Issue.3 , pp. 509-525
    • Falster, D.S.1    Westoby, M.2
  • 34
    • 84868240462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-supervised methods to identify individual crowns of lowland tropical canopy species using imaging spectroscopy and LiDAR
    • Féret J.-B., Asner G.P. Semi-supervised methods to identify individual crowns of lowland tropical canopy species using imaging spectroscopy and LiDAR. Remote Sensing 2012, 4(8):2457-2476. 10.3390/rs4082457.
    • (2012) Remote Sensing , vol.4 , Issue.8 , pp. 2457-2476
    • Féret, J.-B.1    Asner, G.P.2
  • 35
    • 34247179601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of a Pinyon-Juniper stand in Northern Arizona: A half-century history
    • Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA
    • Ffolliott P.F., Gottfried G.J. Dynamics of a Pinyon-Juniper stand in Northern Arizona: A half-century history. Research Paper 2002, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
    • (2002) Research Paper
    • Ffolliott, P.F.1    Gottfried, G.J.2
  • 37
    • 84963685589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An allometry-based model of the survival strategies of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation
    • (n/a-n/a)
    • Gentine P., Guérin M., Uriarte M., McDowell N.G., Pockman W.T. An allometry-based model of the survival strategies of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation. Ecohydrology 2015, (n/a-n/a). 10.1002/eco.1654.
    • (2015) Ecohydrology
    • Gentine, P.1    Guérin, M.2    Uriarte, M.3    McDowell, N.G.4    Pockman, W.T.5
  • 38
    • 84905216172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to quantify spatial gap patterns in forests
    • Getzin S., Nuske R.S., Wiegand K. Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to quantify spatial gap patterns in forests. Remote Sensing 2014, 6(8):6988-7004. 10.3390/rs6086988.
    • (2014) Remote Sensing , vol.6 , Issue.8 , pp. 6988-7004
    • Getzin, S.1    Nuske, R.S.2    Wiegand, K.3
  • 39
    • 0000926860 scopus 로고
    • Structure and productivity of Juniperus occidentalis in central oregon
    • Gholz H.L. Structure and productivity of Juniperus occidentalis in central oregon. American Midland Naturalist 1980, 103(2):251-261. 10.2307/2424623.
    • (1980) American Midland Naturalist , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-261
    • Gholz, H.L.1
  • 40
    • 84903158097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling vegetation heights from high resolution stereo aerial photography: An application for broad-scale rangeland monitoring
    • Gillan J.K., Karl J.W., Duniway M., Elaksher A. Modeling vegetation heights from high resolution stereo aerial photography: An application for broad-scale rangeland monitoring. Journal of Environmental Management 2014, 144:226-235. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.028.
    • (2014) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.144 , pp. 226-235
    • Gillan, J.K.1    Karl, J.W.2    Duniway, M.3    Elaksher, A.4
  • 41
    • 84897528746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UAV photogrammetry: Block triangulation comparisons, ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry
    • Gini R., Pagliari D., Passoni D., Pinto L., Sona G., Dosso P. UAV photogrammetry: Block triangulation comparisons, ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2013, XL-1(W2):157-162. 10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-W2-157-2013.
    • (2013) Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , vol.XL1 , Issue.W2 , pp. 157-162
    • Gini, R.1    Pagliari, D.2    Passoni, D.3    Pinto, L.4    Sona, G.5    Dosso, P.6
  • 43
    • 11144304495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of diameter and basal area distributions in coniferous forest by means of airborne laser scanner data
    • Gobakken T., Næsset E. Estimation of diameter and basal area distributions in coniferous forest by means of airborne laser scanner data. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2004, 19(6):529-542. 10.1080/02827580410019454.
    • (2004) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 529-542
    • Gobakken, T.1    Næsset, E.2
  • 44
    • 0030479748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the response of the roots and shoots of sunflower and maize to mechanical stimulation
    • Goodman A.M., Ennos A.R. A comparative study of the response of the roots and shoots of sunflower and maize to mechanical stimulation. Journal of Experimental Botany 1996, 47(10):1499-1507. 10.1093/jxb/47.10.1499.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Botany , vol.47 , Issue.10 , pp. 1499-1507
    • Goodman, A.M.1    Ennos, A.R.2
  • 45
    • 0033055149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of soil bulk density on the morphology and anchorage mechanics of the root systems of sunflower and maize
    • Goodman A.M., Ennos A.R. The effects of soil bulk density on the morphology and anchorage mechanics of the root systems of sunflower and maize. Annals of Botany 1999, 83(3):293-302. 10.1006/anbo.1998.0822.
    • (1999) Annals of Botany , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 293-302
    • Goodman, A.M.1    Ennos, A.R.2
  • 46
    • 84874772157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An object-based approach for mapping shrub and tree cover on grassland habitats by use of LiDAR and CIR orthoimages
    • Hellesen T., Matikainen L. An object-based approach for mapping shrub and tree cover on grassland habitats by use of LiDAR and CIR orthoimages. Remote Sensing 2013, 5(2):558-583. 10.3390/rs5020558.
    • (2013) Remote Sensing , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 558-583
    • Hellesen, T.1    Matikainen, L.2
  • 48
    • 84884364357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are inventory based and remotely sensed above-ground biomass estimates consistent?
    • Hill T.C., Williams M., Bloom A.A., Mitchard E.T.A., Ryan C.M. Are inventory based and remotely sensed above-ground biomass estimates consistent?. PloS One 2013, 8(9):e74170. 10.1371/journal.pone.0074170.
    • (2013) PloS One , vol.8 , Issue.9
    • Hill, T.C.1    Williams, M.2    Bloom, A.A.3    Mitchard, E.T.A.4    Ryan, C.M.5
  • 49
    • 0027042295 scopus 로고
    • Physiological responses of plant populations to herbivory and their consequences for ecosystem nutrient flow
    • Holland E.A., Parton W.J., Detling J.K., Coppock D.L. Physiological responses of plant populations to herbivory and their consequences for ecosystem nutrient flow. The American Naturalist 1992, 140(4):685-706.
    • (1992) The American Naturalist , vol.140 , Issue.4 , pp. 685-706
    • Holland, E.A.1    Parton, W.J.2    Detling, J.K.3    Coppock, D.L.4
  • 50
    • 65349116557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale analysis of tree cover and aboveground carbon stocks in pinyon-juniper woodlands
    • Huang C., Asner G.P., Martin R.E., Barger N.N., Neff J.C. Multiscale analysis of tree cover and aboveground carbon stocks in pinyon-juniper woodlands. Ecological Applications 2009, 19(3):668-681. 10.1890/07-2103.1.
    • (2009) Ecological Applications , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 668-681
    • Huang, C.1    Asner, G.P.2    Martin, R.E.3    Barger, N.N.4    Neff, J.C.5
  • 51
    • 39049165781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postfire stand structure in a semiarid savanna: Cross-scale challenges estimating biomass
    • Huang C.-Y., Marsh S.E., McClaran M.P., Archer S.R. Postfire stand structure in a semiarid savanna: Cross-scale challenges estimating biomass. Ecological Applications 2007, 17(7):1899-1910. 10.1890/06-1968.1.
    • (2007) Ecological Applications , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 1899-1910
    • Huang, C.-Y.1    Marsh, S.E.2    McClaran, M.P.3    Archer, S.R.4
  • 52
    • 0034930517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial heterogeneity in Chihuahuan Desert vegetation: Implications for sampling methods in semi-arid ecosystems
    • Huenneke L.F., Clason D., Muldavin E. Spatial heterogeneity in Chihuahuan Desert vegetation: Implications for sampling methods in semi-arid ecosystems. Journal of Arid Environments 2001, 47:257-270. 10.1006/jare.2000.0678.
    • (2001) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.47 , pp. 257-270
    • Huenneke, L.F.1    Clason, D.2    Muldavin, E.3
  • 53
    • 84865436534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Straightforward reconstruction of 3D surfaces and topography with a camera: Accuracy and geoscience application
    • James M.R., Robson S. Straightforward reconstruction of 3D surfaces and topography with a camera: Accuracy and geoscience application. Journal of Geophysical Research 2012, 117:F03017. 10.1029/2011JF002289.
    • (2012) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.117
    • James, M.R.1    Robson, S.2
  • 54
    • 84905052043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitigating systematic error in topographic models derived from UAV and ground-based image networks
    • James M.R., Robson S. Mitigating systematic error in topographic models derived from UAV and ground-based image networks. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2014, 39(10):1413-1420. 10.1002/esp.3609.
    • (2014) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , vol.39 , Issue.10 , pp. 1413-1420
    • James, M.R.1    Robson, S.2
  • 55
    • 84859159498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving in three dimensions: Effects of structural complexity on occurrence and activity of insectivorous bats in managed forest stands
    • Jung K., Kaiser S., Böhm S., Nieschulze J., Kalko E.K.V. Moving in three dimensions: Effects of structural complexity on occurrence and activity of insectivorous bats in managed forest stands. Journal of Applied Ecology 2012, 49(2):523-531. 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02116.x.
    • (2012) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 523-531
    • Jung, K.1    Kaiser, S.2    Böhm, S.3    Nieschulze, J.4    Kalko, E.K.V.5
  • 56
    • 0021455558 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the directional reflectance from complete homogeneous vegetation canopies with various leaf-orientation distributions
    • Kimes D.S. Modeling the directional reflectance from complete homogeneous vegetation canopies with various leaf-orientation distributions. Journal of the Optical Society of America. A 1984, 1(7):725-737. 10.1364/JOSAA.1.000725.
    • (1984) Journal of the Optical Society of America. A , vol.1 , Issue.7 , pp. 725-737
    • Kimes, D.S.1
  • 57
    • 0030587661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root system morphology and development of seedling and juvenile Juniperus occidentalis
    • Krämer S., Miller P.M., Eddleman L.E. Root system morphology and development of seedling and juvenile Juniperus occidentalis. Forest Ecology and Management 1996, 86(1-3):229-240. 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03769-3.
    • (1996) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.86 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 229-240
    • Krämer, S.1    Miller, P.M.2    Eddleman, L.E.3
  • 59
    • 84859649140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Above- and belowground responses to nitrogen addition in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland
    • Ladwig L.M., Collins S.L., Swann A.L., Xia Y., Allen M.F., Allen E.B. Above- and belowground responses to nitrogen addition in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. Oecologia 2012, 169(1):177-185. 10.1007/s00442-011-2173-z.
    • (2012) Oecologia , vol.169 , Issue.1 , pp. 177-185
    • Ladwig, L.M.1    Collins, S.L.2    Swann, A.L.3    Xia, Y.4    Allen, M.F.5    Allen, E.B.6
  • 60
    • 0042355342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reassessment of carbon content in wood: Variation within and between 41 North American species
    • Lamlom S.H., Savidge R.A. A reassessment of carbon content in wood: Variation within and between 41 North American species. Biomass and Bioenergy 2003, 25(4):381-388. 10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00033-3.
    • (2003) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 381-388
    • Lamlom, S.H.1    Savidge, R.A.2
  • 61
    • 0017697784 scopus 로고
    • A one-way components of variance model for categorical data
    • Landis J.R., Koch G.G. A one-way components of variance model for categorical data. Biometrics 1977, 33(4):671-679. 10.2307/2529465.
    • (1977) Biometrics , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 671-679
    • Landis, J.R.1    Koch, G.G.2
  • 62
    • 0036165976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LiDAR remote sensing for ecosystem studies: LiDAR, an emerging remote sensing technology that directly measures the three-dimensional distribution of plant canopies, can accurately estimate vegetation structural attributes and should be of particular interest to forest, landscape, and global ecologists
    • Lefsky M.A., Cohen W.B., Parker G.G., Harding D.J. LiDAR remote sensing for ecosystem studies: LiDAR, an emerging remote sensing technology that directly measures the three-dimensional distribution of plant canopies, can accurately estimate vegetation structural attributes and should be of particular interest to forest, landscape, and global ecologists. Bioscience 2002, 52(1):19-30. 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0019:LRSFES]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) Bioscience , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-30
    • Lefsky, M.A.1    Cohen, W.B.2    Parker, G.G.3    Harding, D.J.4
  • 63
    • 84936862853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aboveground biomass estimates of sagebrush using terrestrial and airborne LiDAR data in a dryland ecosystem
    • Li A., Glenn N.F., Olsoy P.J., Mitchell J.J., Shrestha R. Aboveground biomass estimates of sagebrush using terrestrial and airborne LiDAR data in a dryland ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2015, 213:138-147. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.06.005.
    • (2015) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.213 , pp. 138-147
    • Li, A.1    Glenn, N.F.2    Olsoy, P.J.3    Mitchell, J.J.4    Shrestha, R.5
  • 64
    • 0001311413 scopus 로고
    • Primary production of the major vegetation units of the world
    • Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, H. Lieth, R.H. Whittaker (Eds.)
    • Lieth H. Primary production of the major vegetation units of the world. Primary Productivity of the Biosphere 1975, 203-215. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg. H. Lieth, R.H. Whittaker (Eds.).
    • (1975) Primary Productivity of the Biosphere , pp. 203-215
    • Lieth, H.1
  • 65
    • 84888796633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A photogrammetric workflow for the creation of a forest canopy height model from small unmanned aerial system imagery
    • Lisein J., Pierrot-Deseilligny M., Bonnet S., Lejeune P. A photogrammetric workflow for the creation of a forest canopy height model from small unmanned aerial system imagery. Forest 2013, 4:922-944. 10.3390/f4040922.
    • (2013) Forest , vol.4 , pp. 922-944
    • Lisein, J.1    Pierrot-Deseilligny, M.2    Bonnet, S.3    Lejeune, P.4
  • 67
    • 84877611268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global vegetation biomass change (1988-2008) and attribution to environmental and human drivers
    • Liu Y.Y., van Dijk A.I.J.M., McCabe M.F., Evans J.P., de Jeu R.A.M. Global vegetation biomass change (1988-2008) and attribution to environmental and human drivers. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2013, 22(6):692-705. 10.1111/geb.12024.
    • (2013) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 692-705
    • Liu, Y.Y.1    van Dijk, A.I.J.M.2    McCabe, M.F.3    Evans, J.P.4    de Jeu, R.A.M.5
  • 68
    • 3042535216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints
    • Lowe D.G. Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. International Journal of Computer Vision 2004, 60(2):91-110.
    • (2004) International Journal of Computer Vision , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-110
    • Lowe, D.G.1
  • 69
    • 0009669773 scopus 로고
    • Distributional adaptations of root systems in desert environments
    • Colorado State University, Fort Collins, J.K. Marshall (Ed.)
    • Ludwig J.A. Distributional adaptations of root systems in desert environments. The belowground ecosystem: A synthesis of plant-associated processes 1977, 85-90. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. J.K. Marshall (Ed.).
    • (1977) The belowground ecosystem: A synthesis of plant-associated processes , pp. 85-90
    • Ludwig, J.A.1
  • 70
    • 0001306291 scopus 로고
    • Size-biomass relationships of several Chihuahuan desert shrubs
    • Ludwig J.A., Reynolds J.F., Whitson P.D. Size-biomass relationships of several Chihuahuan desert shrubs. American Midland Naturalist 1975, 94(2):451-461.
    • (1975) American Midland Naturalist , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 451-461
    • Ludwig, J.A.1    Reynolds, J.F.2    Whitson, P.D.3
  • 71
    • 59349104161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allometric relationships and peak-season community biomass stocks of native shrubs in Senegal's Peanut Basin
    • Lufafa A., Diédhiou I., Ndiaye N.A.S., Séné M., Kizito F., Dick R.P., Noller J.S. Allometric relationships and peak-season community biomass stocks of native shrubs in Senegal's Peanut Basin. Journal of Arid Environments 2009, 73(3):260-266. 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.09.020.
    • (2009) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.73 , Issue.3 , pp. 260-266
    • Lufafa, A.1    Diédhiou, I.2    Ndiaye, N.A.S.3    Séné, M.4    Kizito, F.5    Dick, R.P.6    Noller, J.S.7
  • 72
  • 73
    • 0036492074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shoot and root biomass of desert grasses as affected by biosolids application
    • Mata-González R., Sosebee R.E., Wan C. Shoot and root biomass of desert grasses as affected by biosolids application. Journal of Arid Environments 2002, 50(3):477-488. 10.1006/jare.2001.0897.
    • (2002) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 477-488
    • Mata-González, R.1    Sosebee, R.E.2    Wan, C.3
  • 76
    • 0025692518 scopus 로고
    • Allocation patterns of carbon and minerals in juvenile and small-adult Juniperus occidentalis
    • Miller P.M., Eddleman L.E., Kramer S. Allocation patterns of carbon and minerals in juvenile and small-adult Juniperus occidentalis. Forest Science 1990, 36(3):734-747.
    • (1990) Forest Science , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 734-747
    • Miller, P.M.1    Eddleman, L.E.2    Kramer, S.3
  • 77
    • 84971653226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating biomass of Juniper Trees (Juniperus pinchotii) from imagery-derived canopy area using the support vector machine classifier
    • Mirik M., Chaudhuri S., Surber B., Ale S., Ansley R.J. Evaluating biomass of Juniper Trees (Juniperus pinchotii) from imagery-derived canopy area using the support vector machine classifier. Advances in Remote Sensing 2013, 2:181-192. 10.4236/ars.2013.22021.
    • (2013) Advances in Remote Sensing , vol.2 , pp. 181-192
    • Mirik, M.1    Chaudhuri, S.2    Surber, B.3    Ale, S.4    Ansley, R.J.5
  • 79
    • 33645895268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical analysis of root: Shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes
    • Mokany K., Raison R.J., Prokushkin A.S. Critical analysis of root: Shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes. Global Change Biology 2006, 12(1):84-96. 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001043.x.
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-96
    • Mokany, K.1    Raison, R.J.2    Prokushkin, A.S.3
  • 80
    • 84971638112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core research site web seasonal biomass and seasonal and annual NPP data for the net primary production study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1999-2014)
    • Moore D.I. Core research site web seasonal biomass and seasonal and annual NPP data for the net primary production study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1999-2014). Albuquerque, NM: Sevilleta long term ecological research site database: SEV182 2015, (http://sev.lternet.edu/data/sev-182).
    • (2015) Albuquerque, NM: Sevilleta long term ecological research site database: SEV182
    • Moore, D.I.1
  • 81
    • 38649087693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aboveground net primary production dynamics in a northern Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem
    • Muldavin E.H., Moore D.I., Collins S.L., Wetherill K.R., Lightfoot D.C. Aboveground net primary production dynamics in a northern Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem. Oecologia 2008, 155:123-132.
    • (2008) Oecologia , vol.155 , pp. 123-132
    • Muldavin, E.H.1    Moore, D.I.2    Collins, S.L.3    Wetherill, K.R.4    Lightfoot, D.C.5
  • 82
    • 84961348079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carbon cycle in Mexico: Past, present and future of C stocks and fluxes
    • Murray-Tortarolo G., et al. The carbon cycle in Mexico: Past, present and future of C stocks and fluxes. Biogeosciences 2016, 13(1):223-238. 10.5194/bg-13-223-2016.
    • (2016) Biogeosciences , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 223-238
    • Murray-Tortarolo, G.1
  • 83
    • 34047183672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass estimation over a large area based on standwise forest inventory data and ASTER and MODIS satellite data: A possibility to verify carbon inventories
    • Muukkonen P., Heiskanen J. Biomass estimation over a large area based on standwise forest inventory data and ASTER and MODIS satellite data: A possibility to verify carbon inventories. Remote Sensing of Environment 2007, 107(4):617-624. 10.1016/j.rse.2006.10.011.
    • (2007) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 617-624
    • Muukkonen, P.1    Heiskanen, J.2
  • 85
    • 0024183432 scopus 로고
    • Canopy architecture of Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov., a desert shrub: Foliage orientation and direct beam radiation interception
    • Neufeld H.S., Meinzer F.C., Wisdom C.S., Sharifi M.R., Rundel P.W., Neufeld M.S., Cunningham G.L. Canopy architecture of Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov., a desert shrub: Foliage orientation and direct beam radiation interception. Oecologia 1988, 75(1):54-60. 10.1007/BF00378813.
    • (1988) Oecologia , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-60
    • Neufeld, H.S.1    Meinzer, F.C.2    Wisdom, C.S.3    Sharifi, M.R.4    Rundel, P.W.5    Neufeld, M.S.6    Cunningham, G.L.7
  • 86
    • 0035656739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing changes in biomass, productivity, and C and N stores following Juniperus virginiana forest expansion into tallgrass prairie
    • Norris M.D., Blair J.M., Johnson L.C., McKane R.B. Assessing changes in biomass, productivity, and C and N stores following Juniperus virginiana forest expansion into tallgrass prairie. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2001, 31:1940-1946.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.31 , pp. 1940-1946
    • Norris, M.D.1    Blair, J.M.2    Johnson, L.C.3    McKane, R.B.4
  • 87
    • 15744385712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Above-ground biomass and carbon and nitrogen content of woody species in a subtropical thornscrub parkland
    • Northup B.K., Zitzer S.F., Archer S., McMurtry C.R., Boutton T.W. Above-ground biomass and carbon and nitrogen content of woody species in a subtropical thornscrub parkland. Journal of Arid Environments 2005, 62(1):23-43. 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.019.
    • (2005) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-43
    • Northup, B.K.1    Zitzer, S.F.2    Archer, S.3    McMurtry, C.R.4    Boutton, T.W.5
  • 88
    • 84959537051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the performance of structure-from-motion photogrammetry and terrestrial LiDAR for reconstructing soil surface microtopography of naturally vegetated plots
    • (n/a-n/a)
    • Nouwakpo S.K., Weltz M.A., McGwire K. Assessing the performance of structure-from-motion photogrammetry and terrestrial LiDAR for reconstructing soil surface microtopography of naturally vegetated plots. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2015, (n/a-n/a). 10.1002/esp.3787.
    • (2015) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
    • Nouwakpo, S.K.1    Weltz, M.A.2    McGwire, K.3
  • 90
    • 0035445587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A methodology for surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth retrieval using the microwave polarization difference index
    • Owe M., de Jeu R., Walker J. A methodology for surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth retrieval using the microwave polarization difference index. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2001, 39(8):1643-1654. 10.1109/36.942542.
    • (2001) IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , vol.39 , Issue.8 , pp. 1643-1654
    • Owe, M.1    de Jeu, R.2    Walker, J.3
  • 91
    • 70350153380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in amount and frequency of water supply affects roots but not growth of arid shrubs
    • Padilla F.M., Miranda J.D., Jorquera M.J., Pugnaire F.I. Variability in amount and frequency of water supply affects roots but not growth of arid shrubs. Plant Ecology 2009, 204(2):261-270.
    • (2009) Plant Ecology , vol.204 , Issue.2 , pp. 261-270
    • Padilla, F.M.1    Miranda, J.D.2    Jorquera, M.J.3    Pugnaire, F.I.4
  • 92
    • 0025573114 scopus 로고
    • Hydraulics of interrill overland flow on a semi-arid hillslope, southern Arizona
    • Parsons A.J., Abrahams A.D., Luk S.-H. Hydraulics of interrill overland flow on a semi-arid hillslope, southern Arizona. Journal of Hydrology 1990, 117:255-273. 10.1016/0022-1694(90)90096-G.
    • (1990) Journal of Hydrology , vol.117 , pp. 255-273
    • Parsons, A.J.1    Abrahams, A.D.2    Luk, S.-H.3
  • 93
    • 0037097209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant species dominance at a grassland-shrubland ecotone: An individual-based gap dynamics model of herbaceous and woody species
    • Peters D.P.C. Plant species dominance at a grassland-shrubland ecotone: An individual-based gap dynamics model of herbaceous and woody species. Ecological Modelling 2002, 152:5-32.
    • (2002) Ecological Modelling , vol.152 , pp. 5-32
    • Peters, D.P.C.1
  • 94
    • 0141885851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual tree crown diameter with lidar and assessing its influence on estimating forest volume and biomass
    • Popescu S.C., Wynne R.H., Nelson R.F. Measuring individual tree crown diameter with lidar and assessing its influence on estimating forest volume and biomass. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 2003, 29(5):564-577. 10.5589/m03-027.
    • (2003) Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 564-577
    • Popescu, S.C.1    Wynne, R.H.2    Nelson, R.F.3
  • 95
    • 84901687166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of semi-arid ecosystems to interannual variability of the global carbon cycle
    • Poulter B., et al. Contribution of semi-arid ecosystems to interannual variability of the global carbon cycle. Nature 2014, 509(7502):600-603. 10.1038/nature13376.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.509 , Issue.7502 , pp. 600-603
    • Poulter, B.1
  • 97
    • 84939439873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inventory of small forest areas using an unmanned aerial system
    • Puliti S., Ørka H.O., Gobakken T., Næsset E. Inventory of small forest areas using an unmanned aerial system. Remote Sensing 2015, 7(8):9632-9654. 10.3390/rs70809632.
    • (2015) Remote Sensing , vol.7 , Issue.8 , pp. 9632-9654
    • Puliti, S.1    Ørka, H.O.2    Gobakken, T.3    Næsset, E.4
  • 99
    • 84964015343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the impact of Eurasian beaver reintroduction on ecosystem structure using aerial photography collected from a multi-rotor drone
    • Puttock A.K., Cunliffe A.M., Anderson K., Brazier R.E. Monitoring the impact of Eurasian beaver reintroduction on ecosystem structure using aerial photography collected from a multi-rotor drone. Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 2015, 3(3):123-130. 10.1139/juvs-2015-0005.
    • (2015) Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 123-130
    • Puttock, A.K.1    Cunliffe, A.M.2    Anderson, K.3    Brazier, R.E.4
  • 101
    • 84885403456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in ecosystem structure, function and hydrological connectivity in semi-arid grass to woody vegetation transitions
    • Puttock A., Macleod C.J.A., Bol R., Dungait J.A.J., Brazier R.E. Changes in ecosystem structure, function and hydrological connectivity in semi-arid grass to woody vegetation transitions. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2013, 38(13):1602-1611. 10.1002/esp.3455.
    • (2013) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , vol.38 , Issue.13 , pp. 1602-1611
    • Puttock, A.1    Macleod, C.J.A.2    Bol, R.3    Dungait, J.A.J.4    Brazier, R.E.5
  • 106
    • 65249154732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-specific, age-dependent sensitivity of tree-ring growth to climate in the dioecious tree Juniperus thurifera
    • Rozas V., DeSoto L., Olano J.M. Sex-specific, age-dependent sensitivity of tree-ring growth to climate in the dioecious tree Juniperus thurifera. New Phytologist 2009, 182(3):687-697. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02770.x.
    • (2009) New Phytologist , vol.182 , Issue.3 , pp. 687-697
    • Rozas, V.1    DeSoto, L.2    Olano, J.M.3
  • 109
    • 84986594462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 5 - The biosphere: The carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems
    • Academic Press, Boston, W.H.S.S. Bernhardt (Ed.)
    • Schlesinger W.H., Bernhardt E.S. Chapter 5 - The biosphere: The carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. Biogeochemistry (third edition) 2013, 135-172. Academic Press, Boston. W.H.S.S. Bernhardt (Ed.).
    • (2013) Biogeochemistry (third edition) , pp. 135-172
    • Schlesinger, W.H.1    Bernhardt, E.S.2
  • 110
    • 84996997451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 6 - The biosphere: Biogeochemical cycling on land
    • Academic Press, Boston, W.H.S.S. Bernhardt (Ed.)
    • Schlesinger W.H., Bernhardt E.S. Chapter 6 - The biosphere: Biogeochemical cycling on land. Biogeochemistry (Third Edition) 2013, 173-231. Academic Press, Boston. W.H.S.S. Bernhardt (Ed.).
    • (2013) Biogeochemistry (Third Edition) , pp. 173-231
    • Schlesinger, W.H.1    Bernhardt, E.S.2
  • 111
    • 0031857888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-soil interactions in deserts
    • Schlesinger W.H., Pilmanis A.M. Plant-soil interactions in deserts. Biogeochemistry 1998, 42:169-187. 10.1023/A:1005939924434.
    • (1998) Biogeochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 169-187
    • Schlesinger, W.H.1    Pilmanis, A.M.2
  • 114
    • 84946079891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a UAV-photogrammetry system for precise 3D environmental modeling
    • Shahbazi M., Sohn G., Théau J., Menard P. Development and evaluation of a UAV-photogrammetry system for precise 3D environmental modeling. Sensors 2015, 15(11):27493-27524. 10.3390/s151127493.
    • (2015) Sensors , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 27493-27524
    • Shahbazi, M.1    Sohn, G.2    Théau, J.3    Menard, P.4
  • 115
    • 0000713141 scopus 로고
    • The structure and function of ten Western North American grasslands: I. abiotic and vegetational characteristics
    • Sims P.L., Singh J.S., Lauenroth W.K. The structure and function of ten Western North American grasslands: I. abiotic and vegetational characteristics. Journal of Ecology 1978, 66:251-285. 10.2307/2259192.
    • (1978) Journal of Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 251-285
    • Sims, P.L.1    Singh, J.S.2    Lauenroth, W.K.3
  • 117
    • 84941934685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From experimental plots to experimental landscapes: Topography, erosion and deposition in sub-humid badlands from structure-from-motion photogrammetry
    • (n/a-n/a)
    • Smith M.W., Vericat D. From experimental plots to experimental landscapes: Topography, erosion and deposition in sub-humid badlands from structure-from-motion photogrammetry. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2015, (n/a-n/a). 10.1002/esp.3747.
    • (2015) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
    • Smith, M.W.1    Vericat, D.2
  • 119
    • 84901975650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental analysis of different software packages for orientation and digital surface modelling from UAV images
    • Sona G., Pinto L., Pagliari D., Passoni D., Gini R. Experimental analysis of different software packages for orientation and digital surface modelling from UAV images. Earth Science Informatics 2014, 7(2):97-107. 10.1007/s12145-013-0142-2.
    • (2014) Earth Science Informatics , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-107
    • Sona, G.1    Pinto, L.2    Pagliari, D.3    Passoni, D.4    Gini, R.5
  • 123
    • 84869240898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon content of tree tissues: A synthesis
    • Thomas S.C., Martin A.R. Carbon content of tree tissues: A synthesis. Forest 2012, 3(2):332-352. 10.3390/f3020332.
    • (2012) Forest , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 332-352
    • Thomas, S.C.1    Martin, A.R.2
  • 124
    • 84906059741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential of small unmanned aircraft systems and structure-from-motion for topographic surveys: A test of emerging integrated approaches at Cwm Idwal, North Wales
    • Tonkin T.N., Midgley N.G., Graham D.J., Labadz J.C. The potential of small unmanned aircraft systems and structure-from-motion for topographic surveys: A test of emerging integrated approaches at Cwm Idwal, North Wales. Geomorphology 2014, 226:35-43. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.021.
    • (2014) Geomorphology , vol.226 , pp. 35-43
    • Tonkin, T.N.1    Midgley, N.G.2    Graham, D.J.3    Labadz, J.C.4
  • 125
    • 77949592046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in hydrology and erosion over a transition from grassland to shrubland
    • Turnbull L., Wainwright J., Brazier R.E. Changes in hydrology and erosion over a transition from grassland to shrubland. Hydrological Processes 2010, 24:393-414. 10.1002/hyp.7491.
    • (2010) Hydrological Processes , vol.24 , pp. 393-414
    • Turnbull, L.1    Wainwright, J.2    Brazier, R.E.3
  • 126
    • 78249231725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotic and abiotic changes in ecosystem structure over a shrub-encroachment gradient in the Southwestern USA
    • Turnbull L., Wainwright J., Brazier R.E., Bol R. Biotic and abiotic changes in ecosystem structure over a shrub-encroachment gradient in the Southwestern USA. Ecosystems 2010, 13:1239-1255. 10.1007/s10021-010-9384-8.
    • (2010) Ecosystems , vol.13 , pp. 1239-1255
    • Turnbull, L.1    Wainwright, J.2    Brazier, R.E.3    Bol, R.4
  • 127
    • 65949089676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conceptual framework for understanding semi-arid land degradation: Ecohydrological interactions across multiple-space and time scales
    • Turnbull L., Wainwright J., Brazier R.E. A conceptual framework for understanding semi-arid land degradation: Ecohydrological interactions across multiple-space and time scales. Ecohydrology 2008, 1:23-34. 10.1002/eco.4.
    • (2008) Ecohydrology , vol.1 , pp. 23-34
    • Turnbull, L.1    Wainwright, J.2    Brazier, R.E.3
  • 130
    • 84874681299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrub characterization using terrestrial laser scanning and implications for airborne LiDAR assessment
    • Vierling L.A., Xu Y., Eitel J.U.H., Oldow J.S. Shrub characterization using terrestrial laser scanning and implications for airborne LiDAR assessment. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 2013, 38(6):709-722. 10.5589/m12-057.
    • (2013) Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 709-722
    • Vierling, L.A.1    Xu, Y.2    Eitel, J.U.H.3    Oldow, J.S.4
  • 132
    • 0034317423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plot-scale studies of vegetation, overland flow and erosion interactions: Case studies from Arizona and New Mexico
    • Wainwright J., Parsons A.J., Abrahams A.D. Plot-scale studies of vegetation, overland flow and erosion interactions: Case studies from Arizona and New Mexico. Hydrological Processes 2000, 14:2921-2943.
    • (2000) Hydrological Processes , vol.14 , pp. 2921-2943
    • Wainwright, J.1    Parsons, A.J.2    Abrahams, A.D.3
  • 133
    • 0003182948 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative studies of roots of perennial plants in the Mojave Desert
    • Wallace A., Bamberg S.A., Cha J.W. Quantitative studies of roots of perennial plants in the Mojave Desert. Ecology 1974, 55(5):1160-1162. 10.2307/1940368.
    • (1974) Ecology , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 1160-1162
    • Wallace, A.1    Bamberg, S.A.2    Cha, J.W.3
  • 134
    • 0023523343 scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of structurally complex semi-natural vegetation - an example from heathland
    • Wardley N.W., Milton E.J., Hill C.T. Remote sensing of structurally complex semi-natural vegetation - an example from heathland. International Journal of Remote Sensing 1987, 10.1080/01431168708948613.
    • (1987) International Journal of Remote Sensing
    • Wardley, N.W.1    Milton, E.J.2    Hill, C.T.3
  • 135
    • 84870300327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Structure-from-motion" photogrammetry: A low-cost, effective tool for geoscience applications
    • Westoby M.J., Brasington J., Glasser N.F., Hambrey M.J., Reynolds J.M. "Structure-from-motion" photogrammetry: A low-cost, effective tool for geoscience applications. Geomorphology 2012, 179:300-314. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.08.021.
    • (2012) Geomorphology , vol.179 , pp. 300-314
    • Westoby, M.J.1    Brasington, J.2    Glasser, N.F.3    Hambrey, M.J.4    Reynolds, J.M.5
  • 136
    • 70149091491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006
    • White M.A., et al. Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982-2006. Global Change Biology 2009, 15(10):2335-2359. 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x.
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.15 , Issue.10 , pp. 2335-2359
    • White, M.A.1
  • 139
    • 0002321907 scopus 로고
    • Shrub stems: Form and functions
    • Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA, B.L. Gartner (Ed.)
    • Wilson B.F. Shrub stems: Form and functions. Plant stems: Physiology and functional morphology 1995, 91-104. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA. B.L. Gartner (Ed.).
    • (1995) Plant stems: Physiology and functional morphology , pp. 91-104
    • Wilson, B.F.1
  • 140
    • 84920599381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying submerged fluvial topography using hyperspatial resolution UAS imagery and structure from motion photogrammetry
    • Woodget A.S., Carbonneau P.E., Visser F., Maddock I.P. Quantifying submerged fluvial topography using hyperspatial resolution UAS imagery and structure from motion photogrammetry. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2015, 40(1):47-64. 10.1002/esp.3613.
    • (2015) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-64
    • Woodget, A.S.1    Carbonneau, P.E.2    Visser, F.3    Maddock, I.P.4
  • 141
    • 33744807549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-scale factors and long-term responses of Chihuahuan Desert grasses to drought
    • Yao J., Peters D.P.C., Havstad K.M., Gibbens R.P., Herrick J.E. Multi-scale factors and long-term responses of Chihuahuan Desert grasses to drought. Landscape Ecology 2006, 21:1217-1231. 10.1007/s10980-006-0025-8.
    • (2006) Landscape Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 1217-1231
    • Yao, J.1    Peters, D.P.C.2    Havstad, K.M.3    Gibbens, R.P.4    Herrick, J.E.5
  • 143
    • 33745685116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating forest biomass in the USA using generalized allometric models and MODIS land products
    • Zhang X., Kondragunta S. Estimating forest biomass in the USA using generalized allometric models and MODIS land products. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33(9):L09402. 10.1029/2006GL025879.
    • (2006) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.33 , Issue.9
    • Zhang, X.1    Kondragunta, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.