Recommendations for dealing with waste contaminated with Ebola virus: A hazard analysis of critical control points approach;Recommandations pour le traitement des déchets contaminés par le virus Ebola – Une approche avec la méthode d’analyse des risques et maîtrise des points critiques (HACCP);Recomendaciones para tratar desechos contaminados con el virus del Ebola: Un análisis de peligros en puntos críticos de control

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Volumn 94, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 424-432

  Edmunds, Kelly L ^a   Elrahman, Samira Abd ^b   Bell, Diana J ^a   Brainard, Julii ^c   Dervisevic, Samir ^c   Fedha, Tsimbiri P ^d   Few, Roger ^a   Howard, Guy ^e   Lake, Iain ^a   Maes, Peter ^f   Matofari, Joseph ^d   Minnigh, Harvey ^g   Mohamedani, Ahmed A ^b   Montgomery, Maggie ^h   Morter, Sarah ⁱ   Muchiri, Edward ^d   Mudau, Lutendo S ^j   Mutua, Benedict M ^d   Ndambuki, Julius M ^d   Pond, Katherine ^k   Sobsey, Mark D ^l   van der Es, Mike ^c   Zeitoun, Mark ^a   Hunter, Paul R ^c   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEZIRA   (Sudan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^d EGERTON UNIVERSITY   (Kenya)

^e Médecins Sans Frontières ^*  (United Kingdom)

^f MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES   (Belgium)

^g INTER AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^h WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

ⁱ NORFOLK AND NORWICH UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^j TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (South Africa)

^k UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

^l IL   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; DISEASE SPREAD; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DISINFECTION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH RISK; HYGIENE; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; VIRAL DISEASE; WASTE DISPOSAL;

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; CONTAMINATION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EBOLAVIRUS; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HEALTH CARE; HUMAN; HYGIENE; VALIDATION PROCESS; WASTE MANAGEMENT; EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER; PROCEDURES; WASTE DISPOSAL;

EBOLA VIRUS;

EBOLAVIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC FEVER, EBOLA; HUMANS; MEDICAL WASTE DISPOSAL;

EID: 84971420035     PISSN: 00429686     EISSN: 15640604     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.15.163931     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman JL, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):990–3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06536 PMID: 18288193
2. Ebola situation report – 12 August 2015. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http://apps.who.int/ebola/current-situation/ebola-situation-report-2-september-2015 [cited 2015 Sep 7].
3. Kieny MP, Evans DB, Schmets G, Kadandale S. Health-system resilience: reflections on the Ebola crisis in western Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 2014 Dec 1;92(12):850. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.149278 PMID: 25552765
4. Burning Ebola waste safely. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http://www.who.int/features/2015/ebola-ppe-disposal/en/[cited 2015 Apr 10].
5. Osterholm MT, Moore KA, Gostin LO. Public health in the age of Ebola in West Africa. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Jan;175(1):7–8. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6235 PMID: 25317856
6. Lowe JJ, Gibbs SG, Schwedhelm SS, Nguyen J, Smith PW. Nebraska Biocontainment Unit perspective on disposal of Ebola medical waste. Am J Infect Control. 2014 Dec;42(12):1256–7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2014.10.006 PMID: 25465251
7. Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash-health-care-facilities/en/ [cited 2015 Jul 27].
8. Progress on sanitation and drinking water – 2015 update and MDG assessment. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund; 2015. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Progress_on_Sanitation_and_Drinking_Water_2015_Update_.pdf [cited 2015 Jul 27].
9. Brainard J, Hooper L, Pond K, Edmunds K, Hunter PR. Risk factors for transmission of Ebola or Marburg virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2015 Nov 20;dyv307. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv307 PMID: 26589246
10. Bausch DG, Towner JS, Dowell SF, Kaducu F, Lukwiya M, Sanchez A, et al. Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites. J Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;196(s2) Suppl 2:S142–7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520545 PMID: 17940942
11. Water safety planning for small community water supplies. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Available from: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/water_supplies/en/ [cited 2015 Jul 27].
12. Bartram J, Corrales L, Davison A, Deere D, Drury D, Gordon B, et al. Water safety plan manual: step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241562638_eng_print.pdf [cited 2015 Jul 27].
13. Edmunds KL, Hunter PR, Few R, Bell DJ. Hazard analysis of critical control points assessment as a tool to respond to emerging infectious disease outbreaks. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(8):e72279. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072279 PMID: 23967294
14. Brainard J, Pond K, Hooper L, Hunter PR. Presence and persistence of Ebola or Marburg virus in patients and survivors: a rapid systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(2):e0004475.http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004475 PMID:26927697
15. General principles of food hygiene, annex to CAC/RCP 1-1969 (Rev. 4 – 2003). Rome: Codex Alimentarius Commission; 2003. Available from: http://www.codexalimentarius.org/input/download/standards/23/CXP_001e.pdf [cited 2015 Jul 27].
16. Chepurnov AA, Chuev IuP, P’iankov OV, Efimova IV. [The effect of some physical and chemical factors on inactivation of the Ebola virus.] Vopr Virusol. 1995 Mar-Apr;40(2):74–6. [Russian.] PMID: 7762236
17. Public health engineering in precarious situations. 2nd ed. Paris: Médecins Sans Frontières; 2010. Available from: http://refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/public_health_en.pdf[cited 2015 July 27].
18. Cook BW, Cutts TA, Nikiforuk AM, Poliquin PG, Court DA, Strong JE, et al. Evaluating environmental persistence and disinfection of the Ebola virus Makona variant. Viruses. 2015 Apr;7(4):1975–86. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v7041975 PMID: 25875372
19. Rapid guidance on the decommissioning of Ebola care facilities. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/decommissioning-care-facilities/en/ [cited 2015 Jul 27].
20. Prescott J, Bushmaker T, Fischer R, Miazgowicz K, Judson S, Munster VJ. Postmortem stability of Ebola virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 May;21(5):856–9. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2105.150041 PMID: 25897646
21. Kuhn J, Calisher CH. Filoviruses: a compendium of 40 years of epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies. New York: Springer; 2008.
22. Mitchell SW, McCormick JB. Physicochemical inactivation of Lassa, Ebola, and Marburg viruses and effect on clinical laboratory analyses. J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Sep;20(3):486–9. PMID: 6490832
23. Infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance summary: Ebola guidance package. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/evd-guidance-summary/en/ [cited 2015 Jul 27].
24. Chertow DS, Kleine C, Edwards JK, Scaini R, Giuliani R, Sprecher A. Ebola virus disease in West Africa – clinical manifestations and management. N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 27;371(22):2054–7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1413084 PMID: 25372854
25. Casanova L, Alfano-Sobsey E, Rutala WA, Weber DJ, Sobsey M. Virus transfer from personal protective equipment to healthcare employees’ skin and clothing. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Aug;14(8):1291–3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1408.080085 PMID: 18680659
26. Casanova LM, Rutala WA, Weber DJ, Sobsey MD. Effect of single- versus double-gloving on virus transfer to health care workers’ skin and clothing during removal of personal protective equipment. Am J Infect Control. 2012 May;40(4):369–74. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.04.324 PMID: 21831480
27. Guidance on personal protective equipment to be used by healthcare workers during management of patients with Ebola virus disease in U.S. hospitals, including procedures for putting on (donning) and removing (doffing). Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/healthcare-us/ppe/guidance.html[cited 2015 Jul 27].
28. Five keys to safer food manual. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43546/1/9789241594639_eng.pdf?ua=1 [cited 2015 Sep 7].
29. Sanitation safety planning: manual for safe use and disposal of wastewater, greywater and excreta. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/171753/1/9789241549240_eng.pdf?ua=1 [cited 2015 Sep 7].
30. Interim guidance for managers and workers handling untreated sewage from individuals with Ebola in the United States. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/prevention/handling-sewage.html [cited 2016 Jan 2].
31. Chan M. Ebola virus disease in West Africa – no early end to the outbreak. N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 25;371(13):1183–5. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1409859 PMID: 25140856
32. WHO Ebola Response Team. Ebola virus disease in West Africa–the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections. N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 16;371(16):1481–95. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1411100 PMID: 25244186
33. Dowell SF, Mukunu R, Ksiazek TG, Khan AS, Rollin PE, Peters CJ. Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a study of risk factors in family members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit. J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179(s1) Suppl 1:S87–91. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/514284 PMID: 9988169
34. Faye O, Boëlle P-Y, Heleze E, Faye O, Loucoubar C, Magassouba N, et al. Chains of transmission and control of Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea, in 2014: an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Mar;15(3):320–6. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71075-8 PMID: 25619149
35. OSHA FactSheet. Cleaning and decontamination of Ebola on surfaces. Washington: Occupational Health and Safety Administration; 2014. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_FS-3756.pdf [cited 2015 Jul 27].
36. Ebola virus disease: Key questions and answers concerning health care waste. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/health-care-waste/en/ [cited 2015 Jul 27].
37. Rodriguez LL, De Roo A, Guimard Y, Trappier SG, Sanchez A, Bressler D, et al. Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179(s1) Suppl 1:S170–6. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/514291 PMID: 9988181
38. Rowe AK, Bertolli J, Khan AS, Mukunu R, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Bressler D, et al. Clinical, virologic, and immunologic follow-up of convalescent Ebola hemorrhagic fever patients and their household contacts, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit. J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179(s1) Suppl 1:S28–35. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/514318 PMID: 9988162
39. Kreuels B, Wichmann D, Emmerich P, Schmidt-Chanasit J, de Heer G, Kluge S, et al. A case of severe Ebola virus infection complicated by gram-negative septicemia. N Engl J Med. 2014 Dec 18;371(25):2394–401. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1411677 PMID: 25337633
40. Roels TH, Bloom AS, Buffington J, Muhungu GL, Mac Kenzie WR, Khan AS, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: risk factors for patients without a reported exposure. J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179(s1) Suppl 1:S92–7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/514286 PMID: 9988170
41. Sidhu JPS, Toze SG. Human pathogens and their indicators in biosolids: a literature review. Environ Int. 2009 Jan;35(1):187–201. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.006 PMID: 18790538
42. Lytle CD, Sagripanti JL. Predicted inactivation of viruses of relevance to biodefense by solar radiation. J Virol. 2005 Nov;79(22):14244–52. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.22.14244-14252.2005 PMID: 16254359
43. Bibby K, Casson LW, Stachler E, Haas CN. Ebola virus persistence in the environment: state of the knowledge and research needs. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2014 Dec 9;2(1):2–6. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ez5003715
44. Lantagne DS, Hunter PR. Comment on “Ebola virus persistence in the environment: state of the knowledge and research needs”. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2015 Jan 20;2(2):48–9. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ez500410t
45. Bibby K, Fischer RJ, Casson LW, Stachler E, Haas CN, Munster VJ. Persistence of Ebola virus in sterilized wastewater. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2015 Sep 8;2(9):245–9. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00193 PMID: 26523283