The role of outsourcing in driving global carbon emissions

Economic Systems Research

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 168-182

  Malik, Arunima ^a   Lan, Jun ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

CO2 emissions; input output analysis; international trade; outsourcing; Structural decomposition analysis

Indexed keywords

EID: 84969939963     PISSN: 09535314     EISSN: 14695758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2016.1172475     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. I.Arto, and E.Dietzenbacher (2014) Drivers of the Growth in Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 5388–5394. doi: 10.1021/es5005347
2. ATLAS (2014) “The Atlas of Economic Complexity.” Accessed August 6, 2015. http://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/
3. G.Baiocchi, and J.C.Minx (2010) Understanding Changes in the UK’s CO2 Emissions: A Global Perspective. Environmental Science & Technology, 44, 1177–1184. doi: 10.1021/es902662h
4. J.Barrett,, G.Peters, T.Wiedmann, K.Scott, M.Lenzen, K.Roelich and C.Le Quéré (2013) Consumption-based GHG Emission Accounting: A UK Case Study. Climate Policy, 13, 451–470. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2013.788858
5. S.Bastianoni,, F.M.Pulselli and E.Tiezzi (2004) The Problem of Assigning Responsibility for Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Ecological Economics, 49, 253–257. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.01.018
6. CIA (2014) “The World Factbook – Country Comparison: Exports.” Accessed August 6, 2015. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html
7. 2 Emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 5687–5692. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906974107
8. 2 Emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 18554–18559. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1107409108
9. M.De Haan, (2001) A Structural Decomposition Analysis of Pollution in the Netherlands. Economic Systems Research, 13, 181–196. doi: 10.1080/09537320120052452
10. E.Dietzenbacher, and B.Los (1998) Structural Decomposition Techniques: Sense and Sensitivity. Economic Systems Research, 10, 307–324. doi: 10.1080/09535319800000023
11. A.Dreher, (2006) Does Globalization Affect Growth? Evidence from a New Index of Globalization. Applied Economics, 38, 1091–1110. doi: 10.1080/00036840500392078
12. P.Ekins, (2004) Step Changes for Decarbonising the Energy System: Research Needs for Renewables, Energy Efficiency and Nuclear Power. Energy Policy, 32, 1891–1904. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2004.03.009
13. R.Fremdling,, H.De Jong and M.P.Timmer (2007) British and German Manufacturing Productivity Compared: A New Benchmark for 1935/36 Based on Double Deflated Value Added. The Journal of Economic History, 67, 350–378. doi: 10.1017/S0022050707000137
14. M.Gasik, (2013) Handbook of Ferroalloys: Theory and Technology. Oxford, Butterworth–Heinemann.
15. H.Geller, and S.Attali (2005) The Experience with Energy Efficiency Policies and Programmes in IEA Countries. Paris, IEA.
16. D.Guan,, K.Hubacek, C.L.Weber, G.P.Peters and D.M.Reiner (2008) The Drivers of Chinese CO 2 Emissions from 1980 to 2030. Global Environmental Change, 18, 626–634. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.08.001
17. D.Guan,, Z.Liu, Y.Geng, S.Lindner and K.Hubacek (2012) The Gigatonne Gap in China’s Carbon Dioxide Inventories. Nature Climate Change, 2, 672–675. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1560
18. R.Hoekstra, B.Michel and S.Suh (2016) The Emission Cost of International Sourcing. Economic Systems Research, 28, 151–167.
19. D.Hou,, J.Luo and A.Al-Tabbaa (2012) Shale Gas can be a Double-edged Sword for Climate Change. Nature Climate Change, 2, 385–387. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1500
20. IEA (2012) Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2012. OECD Publishing. Retrieved September 26, 2015, from http://www.iea.org/statistics/topics/energybalances/
21. IPCC (2015) IPCC Emissions Factor Database: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/main.php
22. M.Jakob,, J.C.Steckel and O.Edenhofer (2014) Consumption-versus Production-based Emission Policies. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 6, 297–318. doi: 10.1146/annurev-resource-100913-012342
23. K.Kanemoto,, M.Lenzen, G.P.Peters, D.D.Moran and A.Geschke (2011) Frameworks for Comparing Emissions Associated with Production, Consumption, and International Trade. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 172–179. doi: 10.1021/es202239t
24. K.Kanemoto,, D.Moran, M.Lenzen and A.Geschke (2014) International Trade Undermines National Emission Reduction Targets: New Evidence from Air Pollution. Global Environmental Change, 24, 52–59. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.09.008
25. S.Kokoni, and J.Skea (2014) Input–output and Life-cycle Emissions Accounting: Applications in the Real World. Climate Policy, 14, 372–396. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2014.864190
26. M.Kundak,, L.Lazic and J.Crnko (2009) CO2 Emissions in the Steel Industry. METABK, 48, 193–197.
27. J.Lan,, A.Malik, M.Lenzen, D.McBain and K.Kanemoto (2016) A Structural Decomposition Analysis of Global Energy Footprints. Applied Energy, 163, 436–451. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.178
28. M.Lenzen, (2006) Structural Decomposition Analysis and the Mean-Rate-of-Change Index. Applied Energy, 83, 185–198. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.02.005
29. M.Lenzen,, R.Wood and T.Wiedmann (2010) Uncertainty Analysis for Multi-region Input-output Models – A Case Study of the UK’s Carbon Footprint. Economic Systems Research, 22, 43–63. doi: 10.1080/09535311003661226
30. M.Lenzen,, K.Kanemoto, D.Moran and A.Geschke (2012) Mapping the Structure of the World Economy. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 8374–8381. doi: 10.1021/es300171x
31. W.Leontief, (1936) Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic System of the United States. Review of Economics and Statistics, 18, 105–125. doi: 10.2307/1927837
32. W.Leontief, and D.Ford (1970) Environmental Repercussions and the Economic Structure: An Input-output Approach. Review of Economics and Statistics, 52, 262–271. doi: 10.2307/1926294
33. 2 Emissions Revisited. Environmental Science & Technology, 45, 9144–9153. doi: 10.1021/es201497m
34. 2 Accounts for Open Economies: Producer or Consumer Responsibility? Energy Policy, 29, 327–334. doi: 10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00120-8
35. A.Owen,, K.Steen-Olsen, J.Barrett, T.Wiedmann and M.Lenzen (2014) A Structural Decomposition Approach to Comparing MRIO Databases. Economic Systems Research, 26, 262–283. doi: 10.1080/09535314.2014.935299
36. G.P.Peters, (2008) From Production-based to Consumption-based National Emission Inventories. Ecological Economics, 65, 13–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.10.014
37. G.P.Peters, (2010) Carbon Footprints and Embodied Carbon at Multiple Scales. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2, 245–250. doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.05.004
38. 2 Embodied in International Trade with Implications for Global Climate Policy. Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 1401–1407. doi: 10.1021/es072023k
39. G.P.Peters, and E.G.Hertwich (2008b) Post-kyoto Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Production Versus Consumption. Climatic Change, 86, 51–66. doi: 10.1007/s10584-007-9280-1
40. G.P.Peters,, J.C.Minx, C.L.Weber and O.Edenhofer (2011) Growth in Emission Transfers Via International Trade from 1990 to 2008. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 8903–8908. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1006388108
41. G.Peters,, S.Davis and R.Andrew (2012) A Synthesis of Carbon in International Trade. Biogeosciences, 9, 3247–3276. doi: 10.5194/bg-9-3247-2012
42. 2 Levels. Accessed November 1, 2014. http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2010/11/22/3071534.htm
43. A.M.Rosen, (2015) The Wrong Solution at the Right Time: The Failure of the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change. Politics & Policy, 43, 30–58. doi: 10.1111/polp.12105
44. T.Sarker,, R.Corradetti and M.Zahan (2013) Energy Sources and Carbon Emissions in the Iron and Steel Industry Sector in South Asia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3, 30–42.
45. B.Su, and B.W.Ang (2012) Structural Decomposition Analysis Applied to Energy and Emissions: Some Methodological Developments. Energy Economics, 34, 177–188. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.10.009
46. A.Tukker, and E.Dietzenbacher (2013) Global Multiregional Input–Output Frameworks: An Introduction and Outlook. Economic Systems Research, 25, 1–19. doi: 10.1080/09535314.2012.761179
47. UN (2014) Countries or Areas, Codes and Abbreviations. New York, United Nations Statistics Division. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm.
48. UNCCC (2015) United Nations Conference on Climate Change. Accessed January 5, 2016. http://www.cop21.gouv.fr/en/
49. C.Wang, and F.Wang (2015) Structural Decomposition Analysis of Carbon Emissions and Policy Recommendations for Energy Sustainability in Xinjiang. Sustainability, 7, 7548–7567. doi: 10.3390/su7067548
50. C.L.Weber, (2009) Measuring Structural Change and Energy Use: Decomposition of the US Economy from 1997 to 2002. Energy Policy, 37, 1561–1570. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.027
51. 2 Emissions in China. London, Springer Science & Business Media.
52. T.Wiedmann, (2009) A Review of Recent Multi-region Input–Output Models used for Consumption-based Emission and Resource Accounting. Ecological Economics, 69, 211–222. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.08.026
53. T.Wiedmann, (2015) Impacts Embodied in Global Trade Flows. In: A.Druckman and R.Clift (eds.) Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology. London, Springer, pp. 159–180.
54. T.Wiedmann,, R.Wood, M.Lenzen, J.Minx, D.Guan and J.Barrett (2010) The Carbon Footprint of the UK - Results from a Multi-Region Input-Output Model. Economic Systems Research, 22, 19–42. doi: 10.1080/09535311003612591
55. M.Wier, and B.Hasler (1999) Accounting for Nitrogen in Denmark – A Structural Decomposition Analysis. Ecological Economics, 30, 317–331. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00004-X
56. R.Wood, and M.Lenzen (2004) Zero-robustness of the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index. Energy Policy, 34, 1326–1331. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2004.11.010
57. R.Wood,, M.Lenzen and B.Foran (2009) A Material History of Australia. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 13, 847–862. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00177.x
58. Y.Xu, and E.Dietzenbacher (2014) A Structural Decomposition Analysis of the Emissions Embodied in Trade. Ecological Economics, 101, 10–20. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.02.015
59. A.Yamakawa, and G.Peters (2011) Structural Decomposition Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Norway 1990–2002. Economic Systems Research, 23, 303–318. doi: 10.1080/09535314.2010.549461
60. Z.Zhang,, M.Shi and H.Yang (2012) Understanding Beijing’s Water Challenge: A Decomposition Analysis of Changes in Beijing’s Water Footprint Between 1997 and 2007. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 12373–12380. doi: 10.1021/es302576u