Discovery and implications of C2 and C3 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates in aqueous film-forming foams and groundwater

Environmental Science and Technology Letters

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 95-99

  Barzen Hanson, Krista A ^a   Field, Jennifer A ^a  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED CARBON; CARBON; CHAINS; GROUNDWATER; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SPECTROMETRY;

AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAMS; DETECTION FREQUENCY; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANT PLUME; HIGH WATER; PERFLUOROALKYL SULFONIC ACIDS; QUADRUPOLE TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; U.S. MILITARIES;

GROUNDWATER POLLUTION;

EID: 84969268620     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23288930     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00049     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Place, B. J.; Field, J. A. Identification of Novel Fluorochemicals in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Used by the US Military Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (13) 7120-7127
2. D'Agostino, L. A.; Mabury, S. A. Identification of Novel Fluorinated Surfactants in Aqueous Film Forming Foams and Commercial Surfactant Concentrates Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (1) 121-129
3. Weiner, B.; Yeung, L. W. Y.; Marchington, E. B.; D'Agostino, L. A.; Mabury, S. A. Organic fluorine content in aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) and biodegradation of the foam component 6:2 fluorotelomermercaptoalkylamido sulfonate (6:2 FTSAS) Environ. Chem. 2013, 10 (6) 486-493
4. Moe, M. K.; Huber, S.; Svenson, J.; Hagenaars, A.; Pabon, M.; Trumper, M.; Berger, U.; Knapen, D.; Herzke, D. The structure of the fire fighting foam surfactant Forafac (R) 1157 and its biological and photolytic transformation products Chemosphere 2012, 89 (7) 869-875
5. Miyake, Y.; Yamashita, N.; Rostkowski, P.; So, M. K.; Taniyasu, S.; Lam, P. K. S.; Kannan, K. Determination of trace levels of total fluorine in water using combustion ion chromatography for fluorine: A mass balance approach to determine individual perfluorinated chemicals in water J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1143 (1-2) 98-104
6. Wagner, A.; Raue, B.; Brauch, H. J.; Worch, E.; Lange, F. T. Determination of adsorbable organic fluorine from aqueous environmental samples by adsorption to polystyrene-divinylbenzene based activated carbon and combustion ion chromatography J. Chromatogr. A 2013, 1295, 82-89
7. 19F NMR Anal. Chem. 2001, 73 (10) 2200-2206
8. Moody, C. A.; Field, J. A. Perfluorinated Surfactants and the Environmental Implications of Their Use in Fire-Fighting Foams Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34 (18) 3864-3870
9. Houtz, E. F.; Higgins, C. P.; Field, J. A.; Sedlak, D. L. Persistence of Perfluoroalkyl Acid Precursors in AFFF-Impacted Groundwater and Soil Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (15) 8187-8195
10. Rotander, A.; Kärrman, A.; Toms, L.; Kay, M.; Mueller, J. F.; Gómez Ramos, M. J. Novel fluorinated surfactants tentatively identified in firefighters using LC-QTOF-MS/MS and a case-control approach Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49 (4) 2434-2442
11. Harding, K. C.; Houtz, E. F.; Yi, S.; Sedlak, D. L.; Alvarez-Cohen, L. Aerobic Biotransformation of Fluorotelomer Thioamidosulfonate (Lodyne) in AFFF. Presented at Groundwater Resources Association of California Emerging Contaminants Symposium, Concord, CA, February 4-5, 2014; Poster.
12. Yi, S.; Houtz, E. F.; Harding, K. C.; Field, J. A.; Sedlak, D. L.; Alvarez-Cohen, L. Anaerobic Biotransformation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Thioamidosulfonate in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams. Presented at Groundwater Resources Association of California Emerging Contaminants Symposium, Concord, CA, February 4-5, 2014; Poster.
13. Kwok, K. Y.; Yamazaki, E.; Yamashita, N.; Taniyasu, S.; Murphy, M. B.; Horii, Y.; Petrick, G.; Kallerborn, R.; Kannan, K.; Murano, K.; Lam, P. K. S. Transport of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from an arctic glacier to downstream locations: Implications for sources Sci. Total Environ. 2013, 447, 46-55
14. Lu, G. H.; Yang, Y. L.; Yeung, L. W. Y.; Taniyasu, S.; Pan, J.; Lam, P. K. S.; Wang, J.; Li, X.; Yamashita, N. Level and distribution of perfluorinated compounds in river water from Shengyang, China Organohalogen Compd. 2010, 72, 451-454
15. Lu, G.-h.; Shen, Y.-t.; He, J.; Yuan, F.; Yang, Y.-l.; Rao, Z. Preliminary study on perfluorinated compounds in waters from the Yellow River Estuary Area by utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry Yankuang Ceshi 2012, 31 (1) 147-153
16. Jeong, Y.; Yamazaki, E.; Taniyasu, S.; Yamashita, N.; Lee, S.; Moon, H. B.; Di, R.; Shi, Q.; Kannan, K. Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in marine environment of Korea: Comparison with Tokyo Bay, Japan Organohalogen Compd. 2012, 74, 231-234
17. Mak, Y. L.; Taniyasu, S.; Yeung, L. W. Y.; Lu, G. H.; Jin, L.; Yang, Y. L.; Lam, P. K. S.; Kannan, K.; Yamashita, N. Perfluorinated Compounds in Tap Water from China and Several Other Countries Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 (13) 4824-4829
18. Zhang, W.; Zhang, Y.; Taniyasu, S.; Yeung, L. W. Y.; Lam, P. K. S.; Wang, J.; Li, X.; Yamashita, N.; Dai, J. Distribution and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in municipal wastewater treatment plants in economically developed areas of China Environ. Pollut. 2013, 176, 10-17
19. Third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Data Summary; EPA 815-S-14-004; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2014.
20. Craig, E. A.; Zhao, Q. J. Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for Perfluorobutane Sulfonate and Related Compound Potassium Perfluorobutane Sulfonate; National Center for Environmental Assessment, Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Cincinnati, OH, 2014.
21. Backe, W. J.; Day, T. C.; Field, J. A. Zwitterionic, Cationic, and Anionic Fluorinated Chemicals in Aqueous Film Forming Foam Formulations and Groundwater from U.S. Military Bases by Nonaqueous Large-Volume Injection HPLC-MS/MS Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (10) 5226-5234
22. Moody, C. A.; Field, J. A. Determination of perfluorocarboxylates in groundwater impacted by fire-fighting activity Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33 (16) 2800-2806
23. Myers, A. L.; Jobst, K. J.; Mabury, S. A.; Reiner, E. J. Using mass defect plots as a discovery tool to identify novel fluoropolymer thermal decomposition products J. Mass Spectrom. 2014, 49 (4) 291-296
24. Roach, P. J.; Laskin, J.; Laskin, A. Higher-Order Mass Defect Analysis for Mass Spectra of Complex Organic Mixtures Anal. Chem. 2011, 83 (12) 4924-4929
25. Brice, T. J.; Trott, P. W. Fluorocarbon Sulfonic Acids and Derivatives. U.S. Patent 2,732,298, 1956.
26. Alm, R. R.; Stern, R. M. Aqueous film-forming foamable solution useful as fire extinguishing concentrate. U.S. Patent 5,085,786, 1992.
27. FC-203CF Lightwater (TM) AFFF 3%; MSDS No. CKQCB; 3M Company: St. Paul, MN, 1999.
28. Ullah, S.; Huber, S.; Bignert, A.; Berger, U. Temporal trends of perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids and their sulfonamide-based precursors in herring from the Swedish west coast 1991-2011 including isomer-specific considerations Environ. Int. 2014, 65, 63-72
29. McGuire, M. E.; Schaefer, C.; Richards, T.; Backe, W. J.; Field, J. A.; Houtz, E.; Sedlak, D. L.; Guelfo, J. L.; Wunsch, A.; Higgins, C. P. Evidence of Remediation-Induced Alteration of Subsurface Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substance Distribution at a Former Firefighter Training Area Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (12) 6644-6652
30. - 2011 Health Risk Limits for Groundwater: Perfluorobutane sulfonate; Health Risk Assessment Unit, Environmental Health Division, Minnesota Department of Health: St. Paul, MN, 2011.
31. Wang, P.; Lu, Y.; Wang, T.; Zhu, Z.; Li, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Fu, Y.; Xiao, Y.; Giesy, J. Transport of short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids from concentrated fluoropolymer facilities to the Daling River estuary, China Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2015, 1-11
32. Lieder, P. H.; York, R. G.; Hakes, D. C.; Chang, S.-C.; Butenhoff, J. L. A two-generation oral gavage reproduction study with potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate (K+PFBS) in Sprague Dawley rats Toxicology 2009, 259 (1-2) 33-45
33. Stefani, F.; Rusconi, M.; Valsecchi, S.; Marziali, L. Evolutionary ecotoxicology of perfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) inferred from multigenerational exposure: A case study with Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae) Aquat. Toxicol. 2014, 156, 41-51
34. Kowalczyk, J.; Ehlers, S.; Oberhausen, A.; Tischer, M.; Farst, P.; Schafft, H.; Lahrssen-Wiederholt, M. Absorption, Distribution, and Milk Secretion of the Perfluoroalkyl Acids PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA by Dairy Cows Fed Naturally Contaminated Feed J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61 (12) 2903-2912
35. Olsen, G. W.; Chang, S.-C.; Noker, P. E.; Gorman, G. S.; Ehresman, D. J.; Lieder, P. H.; Butenhoff, J. L. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) in rats, monkeys, and humans Toxicology 2009, 256 (1-2) 65-74
36. Fromme, H.; Mosch, C.; Morovitz, M.; Alba-Alejandre, I.; Boehmer, S.; Kiranoglu, M.; Faber, F.; Hannibal, I.; Genzel-Boroviczény, O.; Koletzko, B.; Völkel, W. Pre- and Postnatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (18) 7123-7129
37. Perez, F.; Nadal, M.; Navarro-Ortega, A.; Fabrega, F.; Domingo, J. L.; Barcelo, D.; Farre, M. Accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in human tissues Environ. Int. 2013, 59, 354-362
38. Moody, C. A.; Hebert, G. N.; Strauss, S. H.; Field, J. A. Occurrence and persistence of perfluorooctanesulfonate and other perfluorinated surfactants in groundwater at a fire-training area at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, USA J. Environ. Monit. 2003, 5 (2) 341-345
39. Schultz, M. M.; Barofsky, D. F.; Field, J. A. Quantitative Determination of Fluorotelomer Sulfonates in Groundwater by LC MS/MS Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38 (6) 1828-1835
40. Hebert, G. N.; Odom, M. A.; Craig, P. S.; Dick, D. L.; Strauss, S. H. Method for the determination of sub-ppm concentrations of perfluoroalkylsulfonate anions in water J. Environ. Monit. 2002, 4 (1) 90-95
41. Xie, S.; Wang, T.; Liu, S.; Jones, K. C.; Sweetman, A. J.; Lu, Y. Industrial source identification and emission estimation of perfluorooctane sulfonate in China Environ. Int. 2013, 52, 1-8
42. Appleman, T. D.; Higgins, C. P.; Quinones, O.; Vanderford, B. J.; Kolstad, C.; Zeigler-Holady, J. C.; Dickenson, E. R. V. Treatment of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in US full-scale water treatment systems Water Res. 2014, 51, 246-255
43. Eschauzier, C.; Beerendonk, E.; Scholte-Veenendaal, P.; De Voogt, P. Impact of Treatment Processes on the Removal of Perfluoroalkyl Acids from the Drinking Water Production Chain Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (3) 1708-1715