International law and indigenous knowledge: Intellectual property, plant biodiversity, and traditional medicine

International Law and Indigenous Knowledge: Intellectual Property, Plant Biodiversity, and Traditional Medicine

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-351

  Oguamanam, Chidi ^a  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84966727908     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (563)

1. Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) (Australia) Act, 1976.
2. African Model Legislation for the Recognition and Protection of Rights of Local Communities, Farmers, Breeders and for Regulation of Access to Biological Resources, 2000. Available at http://www.grain.org/brl_files/oau-model-law-en.doc.
3. Andean Community Decision 391 on Common Regime on Access to Genetic Resources.
4. Andean Community Decision 486 on Common Intellectual Property Regime.
5. Bellagio Declaration (1993). http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wgtrr/bellagio.htm.
6. Biological Diversity Act, 2002 № 18 (5 February 2003), India.
7. Biodiversity Law № 7.788, Costa Rica (1998).
8. Brazilian PL (Legislative Bill) N. 2.057 (23 October 1991).
9. Charter of United Nations (as amended); reprinted in 1 United Nations Treaty Series [U.N.T.S.] 16; (1976) Year Book of the United Nations [Y.B.U.N.] 1043.
10. COICA Statement (1994). http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wgtrr/coica.htm.
11. Community Intellectual Rights Protection Act of 1994 S. 184, 9th Congress of the Republic of Philippines.
12. Constitution of the World Heath Organization, as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June 1946 (Official Record of the World Health Organization, № 2, at 100).
13. Constitution Act, 1982 (Canada) c. 11 (Schedule B).
14. Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, reprinted in 828 U.N.T.S 3.
15. Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, reprinted in 11 International Legal Material [I.L.M.] 1358 (1972).
16. Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. 818 (1992).
17. Convention on the Grant of the European Patents, reprinted in 13 I.L.M 276 (1973); 1160 U.N.T.S. 231.
18. Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and Desertification, Particularly in Africa, reprinted in 33 I.L.M. 1332 (1994).
19. Declaration of Belem (1998). http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wgtrr/belem.htm.
20. Declaration on the Rights of Peoples and Nations to Self-Determination, G.A. Res. 637, 7 UN GAOR Suppl. (№ 20) UN Doc. A/2361 (1952).
21. Draft Inter-American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Inter-American Session Commission on Human Rights, 1333rd Session, OEA/Ser/L/V/II.95, Doc 6, 26 February 1997, reprinted in International Journal of Cultural Property 6 (1997), 364.
22. ESOSOC Resolution on the Study on the Problem of Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations, E.SC. Res. 1589(L) (21 May 1971), UN ESCOR, 50th Sess., Suppl. № 1 at 16, U.N. Doc. E/5044 (1971).
23. Gaceta Constitutional № 127, Columbia (October 1991).
24. Geneva Declaration on the Health and Survival of Indigenous Peoples, adopted at a 1999 World Health Organization Health Consultation.
25. Indian Arts and Craft Act, 1990 (PL 101-644); 25 U.S.C. (1990).
26. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, reprinted in 999 U.N.T.S. 171, 6 I.L.M. 368 (1967).
27. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, reprinted in 993 U.N.T.S. 3, 6 I.L.M. 360 (1967).
28. International Labour Organization Convention № 107 Concerning the Protection and Integration of Indigenous and Other Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in Independent Countries, reprinted in 328 U.N.T.S. 247.
29. International Labour Organization Convention № 169 (1989) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, reprinted in 28 I.L.M. 1382 (1989).
30. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (3 November 2001), http://www.fao.org/Legal/default.htm.
31. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, (UPOV), as Revised in 1991, http://www.upov.int/en/publications/conventions/1991/content.htm.
32. Julayinbul Statement (1993). http://www.icip.lawnet.com.au/info6.htm.
33. Lands Acquisition Act, Australia (1989), htt://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/laa1989192/.
34. Law № 20, Panama (5 March 2002).
35. Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, 1990, 25 U.S.C. § 3001 (1990).
36. Native American Languages Acts, 1990, 25 U.S.C. § 2901 (1990).
37. Native Title Act, Australia (1993), http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol-act/ntal993147/.
38. Non-Legally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All Types of Forests (1992), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. (1992).
39. Mataatua Declaration (1993). http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wgtrr/mataatua.htm.
40. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883) as revised in Stockholm, 1987; reprinted in 823 U.N.T.S. 305.
41. Patent Act 35 U.S.C. (1994) (U.S.A.).
42. Patent Act R.S.C. 1985 c. P-4 (Canada).
43. Plant Patent Act 35 U.S.C. (1982) (U.S.A.).
44. Plant Variety Protection Act 7 U.S.C. (1982) (U.S.A.).
45. Proposed Regime of Protection of the Collective Knowledge of the Indigenous People, Peru (31 August 2000).
46. Protection and Promotion of South African Indigenous Knowledge - Draft Indigenous Knowledge Systems Bill, South Africa (2001).
47. Report of Working Group on Indigenous Populations UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1989/36.
48. Resolution on Permanent Sovereignty Over Natural Resources, reprinted in 2 I.L.M. 223 (1963).
49. Resolution Establishing the Working Group on Indigenous Populations, Sub-Commʼn. Res. 2 (XXXIV) (8 September 1981); Commʼn. Res. 1982/19 (10 Mar 1982) ECOSOC Res. 1982/34 (7 May 1982).
50. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. 874 (1992).
51. Rules and Regulation Implementing Act № 8371, The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Acts of 1997 (Philippines).
52. Seattle Declaration (1999) http://www.gfbv.de/gfbv_e/docus/wto_e.htm.
53. Statute of International Court of Justice, (1976) Y.B.U.N. 1052.
54. Suva Declaration (1995), http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wgtrr/suva.htm.
55. Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement (1994), reprinted in 33 I.L.M. 1197 (1994).
56. Treaty of Waitangi (1840), New Zealand (UK).
57. Treaty of Waitangi Act (1975), New Zealand.
58. Tunis Model Law on Copyright (1976), reproduced in (1976) 12 WIPO Copyright Monthly Review 165.
59. UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, reprinted in 11 I.L.M. 1358 (1972).
60. UNESCO-WIPO Model Provisions for National Laws on the Protection of Expressions of Folklore Against Illicit Exploitation and Other Prejudicial Actions (Geneva: June-July, 1982) reprinted in (1982) 16 Copyright Bulletin 62.
61. United Nations Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonies and Peoples, GA Res. 1514 (XV). UN GAOR, 15th Sess., Supp. № 16, UN Doc. A/4684(1961) 166.
62. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peoples and Nations to Self-Determination, GA Res. 637, UN GAOR, 7th Sess., Supp. № 20, UN Doc. A/2361 (1952) 26.
63. United Nations Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, reprinted in 34 I.L.M. 546 (1995).
64. United Nations Framework Convention on Climatic Change (1992), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. 849 (1992).
65. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted and proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations (10 December, 1948); GA Res. 217A (III), UN GAOR, 3rd Sess., Supp. № 13, UN Doc. A/810 (1948) 71.
66. Working Principles of the United Nations Technical Conference on Indigenous Peoples and the Environment Santiago, Chile, 19-22 May 1992 UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1992/31 (1992).
67. American Wood Paper Co. v. Fiber Disintegrating Co., 90 U.S. 566 (1873).
68. Andrews v. Ballard, 498 F. Supp. 1038 (1980).
69. Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Company, 188 U.S. 239 (1903).
70. Bulun Bulun and Milpurrurru v. R and T Textiles Pty. Ltd. (1998), 41 I.P.R. 513.
71. Calder v. Attorney General for British Columbia, [1973] S.C.R. 313.
72. Carter Food Pros, Inc. v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 130 F. Supp. 557, 104 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 314 (D. Md. 1955).
73. Case 79, La Communidad Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingi v. Nicaragua, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (31 August 2001), available at http://www.corteidh.or.cr/seriec_ing/index.html.
74. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet) (1831).
75. City of Boerne v. Flores, 117 S. Ct. 2127 (1977).
76. Cochrane v. Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik, 111 U.S. 293 (1884).
77. Coffin v. Ogden, 85 U.S. (18 Wall.) 120.
78. Harvard College v. Canada (Commissioner of Patents), [2002] 4 S.C.R. 45.
79. Delgamuukw v. British Columbia, [1997] 3 S.C.R. 1010.
80. Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 44 U.S. 303 (1980).
81. Employment Division, Department of Human Resources v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990).
82. Ex Parte Gray, 10 U.S.P.Q.2d (BNA) 1922, 1924 (Bd. Pat. App. and Int).
83. Ex Parte Hibbard, 227 U.S.P.Q. 443 (1985).
84. Ex Parte Latimer, 1888 Dec. Comm’r Pat. 123.
85. Exparte Mackay, 200 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 324 (1978).
86. Feist Publications Inc. Ltd. v. Rural Tel. Serv. Co., 499 U.S. 340 (1991).
87. Gayler v. Wilder, 51 U.S. 10 (How) 477 (1850).
88. General Electric Co. v. Deforest Radio Co., 28 F. 2d 641 (3d Cir. 1928) cert. denied, 278 U.S. 656 (1929).
89. Huakina Trust v. Waikato Valley Authority, [1987] 2 N.Z.L.R. 188.
90. Johnson v M’Intosh, 2 U.S. 8 (Wheat) 453 (1823).
91. Lowell v. Lewis, 15 F. Cas. 1018, 1019 (C.C.D. Mass. 1817).
92. Mabo v. Queensland (1992), 107 A.L.R. 1, 175 C.L.R. 1.
93. Merck and Co. v. Olin Mathieson Chem. Corp., 253 F. 2d 156 (4th cir. 1958).
94. Mettaliflex Ltd v. Rodi and Wienenberger Attiengeesellschft (1960), 35 C.P.R. 49 (S.C.C.).
95. Milpurrurru v. Indofurn (Pty) Ltd. (1995), 30 I.P.R. 209.
96. Milpurrurru v. Indofurn Pty. Ltd. (1994), 54 F.C.R. 240 (Australia).
97. Minnesota Mining and Mfg. Co. v. Research Medical, Inc. 6. U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1401, 1409-10 (D. Uttah 1987).
98. Monsanto Canada Inc. v. Schmeiser, [2004] 1 S.C.R. 902.
99. Morang and Co. v. William Dawson Le Sueur (1911), 45 S. Ct. Rep. 95.
100. Pioneer Hi-Bred Ltd. v. Commissioner of Patents (1989), 25 C.P.R. (3d) 257.
101. Prévost v. Fabrique de la Paroisse de L’Ange Gardien (1987), 8 Q.A.C. 1 (C.A.); (1987), 15 Q.A.C. 160N (S.C.C.).
102. R. v. George, [1966] S.C.R. 267.
103. R. v. Syliboy, [1929] 1 D.L.R. 307 (N.S. Co. Ct.).
104. R v. Sparrow, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 1075.
105. Snow v. Eaton Centre Ltd. (1982), 70 C.P.R. (2d) 105 (Ont. H.C.J.).
106. Seas and Submerged Lands Case, New South Wales v. The Commonwealth (1975), 135 C.L.R. 337.
107. Taxed Mountain Case (‘Skttefja Ilsma’l’), NJA 1981 s. 1 (1981).
108. Wik Peoples v. The State of Queensland, 134 A.L.R. 637 (1996).
109. Tol-O-Matic, Inc. v. Proma Product-Und Marketing Gesellschaft, m.b.H. (1991), 945 f. 2d 1546, at 1552-3 (Fed. Cir.).
110. U.S. v. Adams, 383 U.S. 39, 148 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 479 (1996).
111. Verdegaal Bros. Inc. v. Union Oil Co. (1987), 2 U.S.P.Q. 2d (BNA) 1051, 1053 (Fed. Cir. 1987).
112. Wi Parata v. Bishop of Wellington, J.U.R. (N.S.) 72 (1877).
113. Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet) 515 (1832).
114. Yumbulu v. Reserve Bank of Australia (1991), 21 I.P.R. 481.
115. Abbot, Fredrick, et al., eds. The Making of Modern Intellectual Property System. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
116. Abdalla, Ismail H. Islam, Medicine and Practitioners in Northern Nigeria. New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.
117. Achebe, Chinua. Home and Exile. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
118. Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books, 1994.
119. Ackerman, Timothy. Comment: ‘Dis’ordre’ly Loopholes: TRIPS Patent Protection and the ECJ’ [European Court of Justice]. Texas International Law Journal 32 (1997): 489.
120. Adewopo, Adebambo, and Chidi Oguamanam. ‘The Nigerian Trademark Regime and the Challenges of Economic Development.’ International Review of Industrial Property and Copyright Law 30 (1999): 632.
121. Adler, Matthew D., and Eric A. Posner, eds. Cost Benefit-Analysis: Legal, Economic and Philosophical Perspectives. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.
122. Agee, James K., and Daryll R. Johnson, eds. Ecosystem Management for Park and Wilderness. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988.
123. Aginam, Obijiofor. ‘From the Core to the Peripheries: Multilateral Governance of Malaria in a Multi-Cultural World.’ Chicago Journal of International Law 3 (2002): 87.
124. Aginam, Obijiofor. ‘Salvaging the Global Neighbourhood: Multilateralism and Public Health Challenges in a Divided World.’ Ph.D. diss., University of British Columbia, 2002.
125. Aginam, Obijiofor. Global Health Governance: International Law and Public Health in a Divided World. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005.
126. Agrawal, Arun. ‘Dismantling the Divide between Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge.’ Development and Change 26 (1995): 413.
127. Agrawal, Arun. ‘Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge: Some Comments.’ Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor 3 (1993): 5.
128. Airhihenbuwa, Collins O. Health and Culture: Beyond Western Paradigm. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995.
129. Ajai, Olawale. ‘Access to Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Regulation in Nigeria.’ Review of the European Community International Environmental Law 6 (1997): 42.
130. Alexander, Gregory S., Commodity and Propriety: A Competing Vision of Property in American Legal Thought 1776-1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
131. Alford, William P. ‘Don’t Stop Thinking About… Yesterday: Why There Was No Indigenous Counterpart to Intellectual Property Law in Imperial China.’ Journal of Chinese Law (1993): 3.
132. Alford, William P. ‘Making the World Safe for What? Intellectual Property Rights, Human Rights and Foreign Economic Policy in the Post-European Cold War World.’ International Law and Politics 29 (1996-7): 135.
133. Ampofo, O., and J.D. Johnson-Romauld, ‘Traditional Medicine and Its Role in the Development of Health Services in Africa.’ Technical Discussion of the 25th, 26th, and 27th Sessions of the WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo: WHO, 1987.
134. Anaya, James. Indigenous Peoples in International Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
135. Anaya, James S. ‘The Awas Tingni Petition to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: Indigenous Lands, Loggers and Government Neglect in Nicaragua.’ St. Thomas Law Review 9 (1996): 157.
136. Anghie, Anthony. ‘Francisco Vitoria and the Colonial Origins of International Law.’ Social and Legal Studies 5 (1996): 321.
137. Aoki, Keith. ‘Neocolonialism, Anticommons Property and Biopiracy in the (Not-so-Brave) New World Order of Intellectual Property Protection.’ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 6 (1998): 11.
138. Asebey, Edgar J., and Jill D. Kempanaar. ‘Biodiversity Prospecting: Fulfilling the Mandate of Biodiversity Convention.’ Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 28 (1995): 703.
139. Asiema, Joy K., and Francis D.P. Situma. ‘Indigenous Peoples and the Environment: The Case of the Pastorial Maasai of Kenya,’ Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 5 (1994): 149.
140. Attfield, Robin, The Ethics of Environmental Concern. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.
141. Aubery, William H.S. The Natural and Domestic History of England. Vol. 2. London: 1870-88.
142. Baer, Karen W. ‘A Theory of Intellectual Property and Biodiversity Treaty.’ Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce 21 (1995): 259.
143. Baers, Hans A., ed. Encounters with Biomedicine: Case Studies in Medical Anthropology. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1987.
144. Balick, Michael J., Elaine Elizabetsky, and Sarah A. Laird, eds. Medicinal Resources of the Tropical Rainforest: Biodiversity and Its Importance to Human Health. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
145. Bannermann, Robert H. et al., eds., Traditional Medicine and Health Care Coverage: A Reader for Health Administrators and Practitioners. Geneva: WHO, 1983.
146. Barnes, B., and D. Edge, eds. Science in Context: Readings in the Sociology of Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982.
147. Barnes, Robert H., Alexander Grey, and Benedict Kingsbury. Indigenous Peoples of Asia. Ann Arbor, MI: Association of Asian Studies, 1995.
148. Barsh, Russel Lawrence. ‘An Advocate’s Guide to the Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples.’ Oklahoma City Law Review 15 (1990): 209.
149. Barsh, Russel Lawrence. ‘Indigenous North America and Contemporary International Law.’ Oregon Law Review 62 (1983): 73.
150. Barsh, Russel Lawrence. ‘Indigenous Peoples: An Emerging Object of International Law.’ American Journal of International Law 80 (1986): 369.
151. Barsh, Russel Lawrence. ‘Indigenous Peoples in the 1990s: From Object to Subject of international Law?’ Harvard Human Rights Journal 7 (1994): 33.
152. Battiste, Marie, ed. Reclaiming Indigenous Voices and Vision. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000.
153. Battiste, Marie, and James Youngblood Henderson. Protecting Indigenous Knowledge and Heritage: A Global Challenge. Saskatoon: Purich Publications, 2000.
154. Baum, Richard. ‘Science and Culture in Contemporary China: The Roots of Retarded Modernization.’ Asian Survey 22 (1982): 1166.
155. Bawa, Rafik, ‘The North-South Divide over Intellectual Property.’ Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies 6 (1997): 77.
156. Bayles, Michael D., ed. Ethics and Population. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman, 1976.
157. Beck, Ann. Medicine, Tradition and Development in Kenya and Tanzania, 1920-1970. Waltham, MA: Crossroads, 1981.
158. Berger, Julian. ‘The United Nations Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.’ St. Thomas Law Review 9 (1996): 209.
159. Betts, Raymond F., ed. The ‘Scramble’ for Africa: Causes and Dimensions of Empire. Lexington, MA: Heath, 1972.
160. Biber-Klemm, Susete, ed. ‘Legal Claims to Biogenetic Resources.’ Papers presented at a Workshop held at the Institute for European and International Economic Law, University of Berne, June 1997.
161. Blakeney, Michael. ‘Bioprospecting and the Protection of Traditional Medical Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples: Australian Perspective.’ European Intellectual Property Review 19 (1997): 298.
162. Blakeney, Michael. ‘Protecting the Expressions of Australian Aboriginal Folklore Under Copyright Law.’ European Intellectual Property Review 17 (1995): 442.
163. Blakeney, Michael. ‘The Protection of Traditional Knowledge under Intellectual Property Law.’ European Intellectual Property Review 22 (2000): 251.
164. Blakeney, Michael, ed. Intellectual Property Aspects of Ethnobiology. London: Sweet and Maxswell, 1999.
165. Blakeney, Michael, and Jill McKeough. Intellectual Property: Commentary and Materials. Scarborough, ON: Carswell, 1989.
166. Bodnasky, Daniel M. ‘International Law and Protection of Biological Diversity.’ Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 28 (1995): 623.
167. Bourke, John G. ‘The Medicine Man of Apache.’ U.S. Bureau of Ethnology, 9th Annual Report, 1887-8, Washington, 1892.
168. Bowman, Michael, and Catherine Redgewell, eds. International Law and the Conservation of Biological Diversity. Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1996.
169. Boyle, James. ‘A Politics of Intellectual Property Rights: Environmentalism for the Net? Available at http://www.james-boyle.com/intprop.htm.
170. Boyle, James. Shamans, Software, and Spleens: Law and the Construction of the Information Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.
171. Bradford, W. Morse. Aboriginal Self-Government in Australia and Canada. Kingston, ON: Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queens University, 1985.
172. Brady, Erika, ed. Healing Logics: Culture and Medicine in Modern Belief Systems. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2001.
173. Brown, Ralph S., Jr. ‘Advertising and Public Interests: Legal Protection of Trade Symbols.’ Yale Law Journal 47 (1948): 1165; Yale Law Journal 108 (1999): 1619.
174. Brownlie, Ian, ed. Basic Documents in International Law. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
175. Brownlie, Ian, and F.M. Brookfield. Treaties and Indigenous Peoples. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
176. Brunnée, Jutta, et al., eds. Yearbook of International Environmental Law. Vol. 10. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
177. Brunnée, Jutta, et al., eds. Yearbook of International Environmental Law. Vol. 11. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
178. Brush, Stephen, and Doreen Stabinsky, eds. Valuing Local Knowledge: Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property Rights. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1966.
179. Bugbee, B.W. ‘The Early American Law of Intellectual Property: The Historical Foundations of the United States Patents and Copyright Systems’ Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1961.
180. Bugbee, B.W. Genesis of American Patent and Copyright Law. Washington, DC: Bureau of Public Affairs, 1967.
181. Butt, Peter et al., Mabo, Wik and Native Title. 4th ed. Sydney: Federation Press, 2001.
182. Cajete, Gregory. Native Science: Natural Law of Interdependence. Santa Fe, NM: Clear Light Publishers, 1999.
183. Cajete, Gregory. Science: ‘A Native American Perspective: A Culturally Based Science Education Curriculum,’ Ph.D. diss., International College, Los Angeles, 1986.
184. Carey, John, and Siegfried Wiessner. ‘A New United Nations Subsidiary Organ: The Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.’ ASIL Insight, 17 April 2001. Available at http://www.asil.org/insights/insigh67.htm.
185. Ceballos-Lascurain, Hector. Tourism, Ecotourism and Protected Areas. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1996.
186. Chadwick, P.J., and J. Marsh, eds. Bioactive Compounds from Plants. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1990.
187. Chartrand, Harry Hillman. ‘Intellectual Property in the Global Village.’ Government Information in Canada 1 no. 4 (1995). Available at http://www.usask.ca/library/gic/v1n4/chartrand/chartrand.html.
188. Chisum, Donald. Patents: A Treatise on the Law of Patentability, Validity and Infringement. New York: M. Bender, 1995.
189. Cobo, Martinez. ‘Study of the Problem of Discrimination against Indigenous Populations.’ UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2.1986/7 Add 4, UN sales № E.86.XIV.3.3.
190. Cohen, Cynthia Price, ed. Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, 1998.
191. Cohen, Julie et al. Copyright in a Global Information Economy. New York: Aspen Law and Business, 2002.
192. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘Article 8(j): Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practices.’ Available at http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/socio-eco/traditional/default.asp.
193. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘Article 8(j) and Related Provisions’ CBD Doc. UNEP/CBD/COP/5/23 (22 June 2000). Available at http://www.biodiv.org/doc/meetings/cop/cop-5/official/cop-05-23-en.pdf.
194. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS): Relationship and Synergies.’ Prepared by the CBD Secretariat for the Third Conference of Parties, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 4-15 November 1996. UNEP/CBD/COP/3/23 (5 October 1996).
195. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights Systems on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity and on the Equitable Sharing of the Benefits from Its Use.’ Preliminary Study by the Executive Secretary prepared for the Third Conference of Parties Meeting of the CBD, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 4-15 November 1996. UNEP/CBD/COP/3/22 (22 September 1996).
196. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘Knowledge, Innovations and Practices of Indigenous and Local Communities: Implementation of Article 8(j)’ (note by the Executive Secretary of the CBD for the Third COP 4-15 November 1996) CBD Doc. UNEP/CBD/COP/3/19. Available at http://www/biodiv.org/doc/meetings/cop/cop-03/official/cop-03-19-en.pdf.
197. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘Outline of Composite Report on the Status and Trends Regarding the Knowledge, Innovations and Practices of Indigenous and Local Communities Relevant to the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity, and the Plan and Timetable for Its Preparation.’ Available at http://www.biodiv.org/decisions/default.asp?dec=VI/10.
198. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘Participatory Mechanism for Indigenous and Local Communities’ (Note by the Executive Secretary). CBD Doc. UNEP/CBD/WG8J2/4 (4-8 February 2002). Available at http://www.biodiv.org/doc/meetings/tk/wg8j-02/official/wg8j-02-04-en.pdf.
199. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘Program of Work on the Implementation of Article 8(j) and Related Provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity.’ Available at http://www.biodiv.org/decisions/default.asp?dec=IV/9.
200. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘Report of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Inter-Sessional Working Group on Article 8(j) and Related Provisions of the CBD on the Work of Its Second Meeting to the Sixth COP’ UNEP/CBD/COP/6/7 (14 February 2002). Available at http://www.biodiv.org/doc/meetings/cop/cop-06/official/cop-06-07-en.pdf.
201. Convention on Biological Diversity. ‘Second Meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-Ended Inter-Sessional Working Group on Article 8(j) and Related Provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada’ (4-8 February 2002). CBD Doc. WG8J2. Available at http://www.biodiv.org/doc/meeting.asp?wg=WG8J-02.
202. Convention on Biological Diversity (Executive Secretary), ‘Report on Progress in the Integration of Relevant Tasks of the Program of Work on Article 8(j) and Related Provisions in the Thematic Program of the CBD’ CBD Doc. UNEP/CBD/WG8J/2/2. Available at http://www.biodiv.org/doc/meetings/tk/wg8j-02/official/wg8j-02-02-en.pdf.
203. Coombe, Rosemary. ‘Critical Cultural Studies.’ Yale Journal of Law and Humanities 10 (1998): 463.
204. Coombe, Rosemary. ‘Intellectual Property, Human Rights and Sovereignty: New Dilemma in International Law Posed by the Recognition of Indigenous Knowledge and The Conservation of Biological Diversity.’ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 6 (1998): 59.
205. Coombe, Rosemary. ‘Objects of Property and Subjects of Politics: Intellectual Property Laws and Democratic Dialogue.’ Texas Law Review 69 (1991): 1853.
206. Coombe, Rosemary. ‘Properties of Culture and the Politics of Possessing Identity: Native Claims in the Cultural Appropriation Controversy.’ Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 6 (1993): 249.
207. Coombe, Rosemary. ‘The Recognition of Indigenous Peoples’ and Community Traditional Knowledge in International Law.’ St. Thomas Law Review 14 (2001): 275.
208. Coombe, Rosemary J. The Cultural Life of Intellectual Properties: Authorship Appropriation and the Law. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.
209. Cowley, Geoffrey. ‘Alternative Medicine: Now, ‘Integrative’ Care’ Newsweek, 2 December 2002, 49.
210. Correa, Carlos M., Protection and Promotion of Traditional Medicine: Implication for Public Health in Developing Countries. Geneva: South Centre, 2004. Available at http://www.southcentre.org/publications/traditionalmedicine/toc.htm.
211. Crucible II Group. Seeding Solutions: Options for National Laws Governing Control Over Genetic Resources and Biological Innovations Vol. 2. Ottawa: IDRC/IPGRI/DHF, 2001.
212. Crucible II Group. Seeding Solutions: Policy Options for Genetic Resources: People, Plants, and Patents Revisited Vol. 1. Ottawa: IDRC/IPGRI/DHF, 2000.
213. Cultural Survival Canada. ‘Towards Biodiversity Rights: The Biodiversity Convention and Indigenous Peoples.’ Discussion paper, June 1996. Available at http://www.cscanada.org/~csc/text/CBD3.htm.
214. Daes, Erica-Irene. ‘The Concepts of Self-Determination and Autonomy of Indigenous Peoples in the Draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.’ St. Thomas Law Review 14 (2001): 259.
215. Daes, Erica-Irene. ‘Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Report of the Seminar on the Draft Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of the Heritage of Indigenous People.’ St. Thomas Law Review 13 (2000): 391-404.
216. Daes, Erica-Irene. Protecting the Heritage of Indigenous Peoples. New York and Geneva: United Nations Human Rights Studies Series 10, 1997.
217. Daes, Erica-Irene. ‘Study on the Protection of Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples.’ UN Doc. E/CN.4/sub21/1991/28 (1991).
218. Deloria, Vine, Jr., ed. American Indian Policy in the Twentieth Century. Norman: Oklahoma University Press, 1985.
219. DeShield, Carrol Ginger. ‘Using Indigenous Knowledge in Resource Management: Knowledge of Salmon in the Upper St’at’imc (Lillooet, B.C.)’ M.Sc. thesis, University of British Columbia, 1995.
220. Desjarlais, Robert, et al., World Mental Heath: Problems and Priorities of Low-Income Countries. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
221. Dewalt, B.R. ‘Using Indigenous Knowledge to Improve Agriculture and Natural Resource Management.’ Human Organisation 53 (1994): 123.
222. Diop, Cheikh Anta, Postcolonial Black Africa: A Comparative Study of the Political and Social Systems of Europe and Black Africa, from Antiquity to the Formation of Modern States. Trans. Harold J. Salemson. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1987.
223. Dolby, R.G.A. ‘The Transmission of Science.’ History of Science 15 (1997): 1.
224. Dorough, Darlene Sambo. ‘The Status and Rights of Indigenous Peoples in International Law: The Quest for Equality.’ Ph.D. diss., University of British Columbia, 2002.
225. Dove, M.R. ‘Theories of Swidden Agriculture and Political Economy of Ignorance.’ Agro Forestry Systems 1 (1983): 85-9.
226. Downes, David. ‘New Diplomacy for the Biodiversity Trade: Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Intellectual Property in the Convention on Biological Diversity.’ Touro Journal of Transnational Law 4 (1993): 1.
227. Downes, David R. ‘How Intellectual Property Could Be a Tool to Protect Traditional Knowledge.’ Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 25 (2000) 253.
228. Drahos, Peter, and John Braithwaite. Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? New York: New Press, 2002.
229. Drahos, Peter. ‘Indigenous Knowledge and Duties of Intellectual Property Owners.’ Intellectual Property Journal 11 (1997): 179.
230. Drahos, Peter. ‘Indigenous Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Biopiracy: Is Global Bio-Collecting Society the Answer?’ European Intellectual Property Review 22 (2000): 245.
231. Drahos, Peter. The Philosophy of Intellectual Property Rights. Aldershot, UK: Dartmouth Publishing, 1996.
232. Drahos, Peter. ‘The Universality of Intellectual Property Rights: Origins and Development.’ Available at http://www.wipo.org/tk/en/activities/1998/humanrights/pages/word/drahos.doc.
233. Durham, Allan L. Patent Law Essentials: A Concise Guide. Westport, CT.: Quorum Books, 1999.
234. Dutfield Graham. Intellectual Property Rights and the Life Science Industries: A Twentieth Century History. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2003.
235. Dutfield Graham. Intellectual Property Rights, Trade and Biodiversity: Seeds and Plant Varieties. London: Earthscan, 2000.
236. Dutfield Graham. ‘TRIPS-Related Aspects of Traditional Knowledge.’ Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 33 (2001): 233.
237. Ehrenfeld, David. The Arrogance of Humanism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
238. Eisner, T. ‘Prospecting for Nature’s Chemical Riches.’ Issues in Science and Technology 6 (1989).
239. Elian, G. The Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources. Alphen aas den Riji: Sijthoff & Noodhoff, 1979.
240. Elisabetsky, Elaine, and Sarah A. Laird, eds. Medicinal Resources of the Tropical Rainforest: Biodiversity and Its Importance to Human Health. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
241. Elkin-Koren. ‘Copyright Law and Social Dialogue on the Information Superhighway: The Case against Copyright Liability of Bulletin Board Operators.’ Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 13 (1995): 345.
242. Elling, R.H. ‘The Capitalist World-System and International Health System.’ International Journal of Health Services 11 (1981): 21.
243. ETC Group. ‘Atomtech: Technologies Converging at the Nano-Scale.’ Unpublished monograph, January 2003.
244. Ewen, Alex, ed. Voices of Indigenous People: A Plea to the World - Native People Address the United Nations. Santa Fe, NM: Clear Light Publishers, 1994.
245. Ewens, Lara. ‘Biotechnology and Intellectual Property.’ Boston College International and Comparative Law Review 23 (2000): 289.
246. Farley, Christine Haight. ‘Protecting Folklore and Indigenous Peoples: Is Intellectual Property the Answer?’ Connecticut Law Review 30 (1997): 1.
247. Farnsworth, Norman R. ‘How Can the Well Be Dry When It Is Filled with Water?’ Economics and Botany 38 (1984): 4.
248. Fecteau, Leanne M. ‘The Ayahuasca Patent Revocation: Raising Questions about Current U.S. Patent Policy.’ Boston College Third World Law Journal 21 (2001): 69.
249. Fidler, David P. ‘The Future of World Health Organization: The Role of International Law.’ Vanderbilt Journal of International Law 31 (1998): 1079.
250. Fidler, David P. ‘International Law and Global Public Health.’ University of Kansas Law Review 48 (1999): 1.
251. Fidler, David P. ‘Neither Science Nor Shamans: Globalization of Market and Health in the Developing World.’ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 7 (1997): 191.
252. Fisher, W.W., III. ‘The Growth of Intellectual Property: History of the Ownership of Ideas in the United States.’ Available at http://eon.law.harvard.edu/property99/history.html.
253. Fisher, W.W., III. ‘Reconstruction of Fair Use Doctrine.’ Harvard Law Review 101 (1988): 1659.
254. Fisher, William. ‘Theories of Intellectual Property.’ Available at http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/tfisher/iptheory.html.
255. Fitzpatrick, Peter, and Eve Darian-Smith, eds. Laws of the Postcolonial. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1999.
256. Fliert, Lydia van de, ed. Indigenous Peoples and International Organizations. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1994.
257. Forde, M. ‘The Ordre Public Exception and Adjudicative Jurisdiction Convention.’ International and Comparative Law Quarterly 29 (1981): 259.
258. Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT). Beyond the Biodiversity Convention: Empowering the Ecosystem People. Bangalore: FRLHT, 1995.
259. Four Directions’ Council, Lethbridge. ‘Forests, Indigenous Peoples and Biodiversity.’ Submitted to the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 1996.
260. Fraser Institute. ‘Individualism, Intellectual Property and the Future of Capitalism.’ Available at www.oldfraser.lexi.net/pulications/forum/1999/03/individualism.html.
261. Frow, John. ‘Public Domain and Collective Rights in Culture.’ Intellectual Property Journal 13 (1998): 39.
262. Gadgil, M., and P. Davista. ‘Intellectual Property Rights and Biological Resources: Specifying Geographical Origins and Prior Knowledge of Uses.’ Current Science 69 (1995): 8.
263. Gadsby, John. ‘The Progress of Japanese Patent Law.’ The Law Quarterly Review 27 (1911): 60.
264. Gana, Ruth L. ‘Prospects for Developing Countries Under the TRIPs Agreement.’ Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 29 (1996): 735.
265. Gardiner, R.C. ‘Diverse Opinions on Biodiversity.’ Tulsa Journal of Comparative and International Law 6 (1999): 303.
266. Garvin, R.J., and J.A. Betley, trans., and eds. The Scramble for Africa: Documents on the Berlin West African Conference and Related Subjects, 1884-1885. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press, 1972.
267. Gaston, Kevin J., ed. Biodiversity: A Biology of Numbers and Difference. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1996.
268. Gaston, Kevin J., and John I. Spicer. Biodiversity: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1998.
269. Gathii, James Thuo. ‘Rights, Patents, Markets and the Global AIDS Pandemic.’ Florida Journal of International Law 14 (2002): 261.
270. Gervais, Daniel. The TRIPs Agreement: Drafting History and Analysis. London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1998.
271. Glovan, Colin. ‘Aboriginal Art and the Protection of Indigenous Cultural Rights.’ European Intellectual Property Review 7 (1992): 227.
272. Good, Charles M. Ethnomedical Systems in Africa: Patterns of Traditional Medicine in Rural and Urban Kenya. New York: Guilford Press, 1987.
273. Goodland, R., et al. Tribal Peoples and Economic Development: Human Ecological Considerations. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1982.
274. Goodman, Felicitas D. Speaking in Tongues: A Cross-cultural Study of Glossolalia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
275. Gordon, Wendy J. ‘On Commodifying Intangibles.’ Yale Journal of Law and Humanities 10 (1998): 135.
276. Gordon, Wendy J. ‘An Inquiry into the Merits of Copyright: The Challenges of Consistency, Consent and Encouragement Theory.’ Stanford Law Review 4 (1989): 1343.
277. Gordon, Wendy J. ‘Introduction: Ralph Sharp Brown: Intellectual Property and Public Interest.’ Yale Law Journal 108 (1999): 1611-17.
278. Gorove, Stephen. ‘The Concept of Common Heritage of Mankind: A Political Moral and Legal Innovation.’ San Diego Law Review 9 (1972): 390.
279. Gray, Andrew. ‘Indigenous Peoples, Their Environments and Territories,’ in Posey, Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity.
280. Groombridge, Brian, ed. Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth’s Living Resources. London: Chapman and Hall, 1992.
281. Groombridge, Brian, and Martin D. Jenkins. Global Biodiversity: Earth’s Living Resources in the 21st Century. Cambridge, UK: World Conservation Monitoring Press, 2000.
282. Grotius, Hugo. The Law of War and Peace. Trans. F.W. Kelsey. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1925.
283. Gupta, Anil. ‘Technologies, Institutions and Incentives for Conservation of Biodiversity in Non-OECD Countries: Assessing Needs for Technical Cooperation.’ Paper presented at OECD Conference on Biodiversity and Incentive Measures, Cairns, March 1996.
284. Gupta, K. Anil, ‘Getting Creative Individuals and Communities their Due: Framework for Operationalizing Article 8(j) and Article 10(c).’ Submitted by invitation to the CBD Secretariat, 1996. Available at http://www.sristi.org/papers/new/Getting creative individuals.rtf.
285. Guruswamy, Lakshman D., and Jeffery A. McNeely, eds. Protection of Global Diversity: Converging Strategies. Durham, NC; London: Duke University Press, 1998.
286. Gutterman, Allan. ‘The North-South Divide Regarding the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights.’ Wake Forest Law Review 23 (1993): 89.
287. Halewood, Michael. ‘Indigenous Knowledge in International Law: A Preface to Sui Generis Intellectual Property Protection.’ McGill Law Journal 44 (1999): 953.
288. Hall, William E. A Treatise on International Law. 8th ed. by Alexander P. Higgins. Buffalo, NY: William S. Hein & Co., 1924.
289. Hamilton, Marci. ‘The Trips Agreement: Imperialistic, Outdated and Overprotective.’ Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 29 (1996): 613.
290. Hand, Wayland. Magical Medicine: The Folkloric Component of Medicine in Folk Belief, Custom, and Ritual of the Peoples of Europe and America. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1980.
291. Hand, Wayland. American Folk Medicine: A Symposium. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1976.
292. Hannig, Mark. ‘An Examination of the Possibility to Secure Intellectual Property Rights for Plant Genetic Resources Developed by Indigenous People’s of the NAFTA States: Domestic Legislation under the International Convention for New Plant Variety.’ Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law 13 (1996): 175.
293. Harding, Sandra. Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women’s Perspectives. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
294. Harding, Sandra, ed. Racial Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
295. Hardy, Trotter. ‘Copyrightability of New Works of Authorship: "XML" Schemas as an Example.’ Houston Law Review (2001): 855.
296. Hardy, Trotter. ‘An Economic Understanding of Copyright Law’s Work-Made-for-Hire Doctrine.’ Columbia-VLA Journal of Law and Arts 12 (1988): 181.
297. Harjo, Susan Shown. ‘Native Peoples’ Cultural and Human Rights: An Unfinished Agenda.’ Arizona State Law Journal (1992): 321.
298. Harris, John Hobbis. Slavery or Sacred Trust? London: William & Norgate, 1926.
299. Havemann, Paul, ed., Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1999.
300. Heald, Paul J. ‘The Rhetoric of Biopiracy.’ Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law 11 (2003): 519.
301. Hedwig, Schleiffer. Narcotic Plants of the Old World. Monticello, NY: Lubrecht & Cramer, 1979.
302. Hegel, G.W.F. Philosophy of Right. Trans. T.M. Knox. 1st ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.
303. Helfer, Laurence R. ‘Human Rights and Intellectual Property: Conflict or Coexistence.’ Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 22 (2002): 197.
304. Helman, Cecil G. Culture, Health, and Illness. Oxford: Butterworth/Heinemann, 2000.
305. Henderson, James Youngblood. Aboriginal Tenure in the Constitution of Canada. Scarborough, ON: Carswell, 2000.
306. Hernando, Soto, ed. The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. New York: Random House, 2000.
307. Hobart, Mark, ed. An Anthropological Critique of Development. London: Routledge, 1993.
308. Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. Ed. Richard Tuck. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
309. Honey, Rex, and Stanley Okafor, eds. Hometown Associations: Indigenous Knowledge and Development in Nigeria. London: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1998.
310. Horton, Curtis. ‘Protecting Biological Diversity and Cultural Diversity Under Intellectual Property Law.’ 10 Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 10 (1995): 1.
311. Hughes, Justin. ‘The Personality Interests of Artists and Inventors in Intellectual Property.’ Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 16 (1998): 81.
312. Hughes, Justin. ‘The Philosophy of Intellectual Property.’ Georgetown Law Journal 77 (1988): 287.
313. Hyde, Charles C. International Law as Chiefly Interpreted and Applied by the United States 2nd Rev. ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1945.
314. Indian Law Resource Center. ‘Indigenous Community Sue President of Nicaragua for Failing to Implement Decision of International Tribunal.’ Available at http://www.indianlaw.org/PR_2003_01-16__AT_Sue_President.pdf.
315. Indigenous Peoples’ Seattle Declaration on the Occasion of the Third Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade Organization, 30 November-3 December 1999. Available at http://www.ienearth.org/intellectual_property.html.
316. Industry Canada. ‘Biodiversity Biotechnology and Intellectual Property: Some Underlying Concepts.’ Available at http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/SSG/ip00032e.html.
317. Ingman, Stanley R., and Anthony E. Thomas, eds. Topias and Utopias in Health. The Hague: Mouton, 1975.
318. IUCN. Biological Diversity Conservation and the Law: Legal Mechanisms for Conserving Species and Ecosystems. International Environmental Policy and Law Paper 29 Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1993.
319. IUCN. Environmental Law in Developing Countries. Environmental Policy and Law Paper 43. Bonn: IUCN, 2001.
320. Janke, Terry. ‘UNESCO-WIPO World Forum on the Protection of Folklore: Lessons for Protecting Indigenous Australian Cultural and Intellectual Property.’ Copyright Reporter 15 (1997): 104.
321. Jansson, Ann-Marri, et al., eds. Investing in Natural Capital: Ecological Economists Approach to Sustainability. Washington DC: Island Press, 1994.
322. Janzen, John M. The Quest for Therapy: Medical Pluralism in Lower Zaire. Berkeley: University of California, 1978.
323. Jayaraman, K.S. ‘Biopiracy Fears Cloud Indian Database.’ Available at http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readnews&itemid =404&language=1
324. Johannes, Robert E., ed. Traditional Ecological Knowledge: A Collection of Essays. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1989.
325. Johnson, Martha, ed. Lore: Capturing Traditional Ecological Knowledge. Ottawa: Dene Cultural Institute and IDRC, 1990.
326. Joyce, C. ‘Taxol: Search for a Cancer Drug.’ BioScience 43 (1993): 133.
327. Juma, Calestous. ‘Foreword.’ Review of European Community Intellectual Property Law 6 (1997).
328. Kadidal, Shayana. ‘Subject Matter Imperialism? Biodiversity, Foreign Prior Art and the Neem Controversy.’ 37 IDEA (1996/7): 371.
329. Kant, Immanuel. The Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Thomas Kingsmill. London: Abbott, 1909.
330. Kate, Kerry ten, and Sara A. Laird. The Commercial Use of Biodiversity: Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing. London: Earthscan, 1999.
331. Kawhuru, I. Hugh. Waitangi: Maori and Pakeha Perspectives on the Treaty of Waitangi. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1989.
332. Kellert, Stephen R., and Edward O. Wilson, eds. The Biophilia Hypothesis. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1993.
333. Kellert, Stephen R. The Value of Life (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1995).
334. Kiely, Ray, and P. Marfleet, eds. Globalization and the Third World. London: Routledge, 1998.
335. Kimbrell, Andrew, ed. Fatal Harvest: The Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002.
336. Kindred, Hugh, et al, eds. International Law: Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied in Canada. 5th ed. Toronto: Emond Montgomery Publications, 1987.
337. King, A.B., and P.B. Eyzaguirre. ‘Intellectual Property Rights and Agriculture: Literature Addressing the Suitability of IPR for the Protection of Indigenous Knowledge.’ Agriculture and Human Values 16 (1999): 41-9.
338. Kingsbury, Benedict. '"Indigenous Peoples" in International Law: A Constructivist Approach to the Asian Controversy.' American Journal of International Law 92 (1998): 414.
339. Kingsbury, Benedict. ‘Reconciling Five Competing Conceptual Structures of Indigenous Peoples’ Claims in International and Comparative Law.’ New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 34 (2001): 189.
340. Kingsbury, Benedict. ‘Self-Determination and "Indigenous Peoples."’ American Society of International Law Proceedings 86 (1992): 383.
341. Kitcher, Philip, Science, Truth, and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
342. Kleinman, Arthur. Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.
343. Kocken, J., and G.V. Roozendaal. ‘The Neem Tree Debate.’ Biotechnology Monitor no. 3 (30 March 1997): 8-11. Available at http://www.biotechmonitor. nl/3004.htm.
344. Krattiger, A.F., et al., eds. Widening Perspectives on Biodiversity. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/International Academy of the Environment, 1994.
345. Krishan, I. ‘Wounded Nature versus Human Future.’ Cochin University Law Review 19 (1995): 1.
346. Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
347. Kymlicka Will. Liberalism, Community, and Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
348. Kymlicka Will. ed., The Rights of Minority Cultures. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
349. Laderman, Carol, and Marina Roseman, eds. The Performance of Healing. New York: Routledge, 1996.
350. Lambo, Adeoye T. ‘Neuropsychiatric Observations in the Western Region of Nigeria.’ British Medical Journal 2 (1959): 1388-94.
351. Landes, William, and Richard Posner. ‘An Economic Analyses of Copyright Law.’ Journal of Legal Studies 18 (1989): 325.
352. Landy, David, ed. Culture Disease and Healing: Studies in Medical Anthropology. New York: Macmillan, 1977.
353. Lange, David. ‘Recognizing the Public Domain.’ Law and Contemporary Problems 44 (1981): 147.
354. Laslett, P., ed. Two Treatises of Government. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1963.
355. Last, Murray. ‘The Importance of Knowing about not Knowing.’ Social Science and Medicine 15B (1981): 390.
356. Lauterpacht, Hersch. ‘The Grotian Tradition in International Law.’ British Yearbook of international Law 23 (1946): 1.
357. Lee, Frederick George. Glimpses of the Supernatural. London, 1875.
358. Leon, Sheleff. The Future of Tradition: Customary Law, Common Law and Legal Pluralism. London: Frank Cass Publishers, 1999.
359. Leskien, Dan, and Michael Flitner. ‘Intellectual Property Rights and Plant Genetic Resources: Options for a Sui Generis System.’ Issues in Genetic Resources no. 6 (1997).
360. Leslie, Charles M. ‘Medical Pluralism in World Perspective.’ Social Science and Medicine 14B (1980): 191-5.
361. Lewinski, von Silke, ed. Indigenous Heritage and Intellectual Property: Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2003.
362. Lindley, Mark Frank. The Acquisition and Government of Backward Territory in International Law: Being a Treatise on the Law and Practice Relating to Colonial Expansion. London: Longman, 1926.
363. Lucas, Richard. Nature’s Medicines: The Folklore, Romance, and Value of Herbal Remedies. West Nyack, NY: Parke Publishing, 1966.
364. MacDonald, Ian. ‘UNESCO-WIPO World Forum on the Protection of Folklore: Some Reflections and Reactions.’ Copyright Reporter 15 (1997): 28.
365. Mbiti, John S. African Religions and Philosophy. London: Heineman, 1969.
366. Maddox, John L. The Medicine Man: A Sociological Study of the Character and Evolution of Shamanism. New York: Macmillan, 1977.
367. Madlow, Michael. ‘Private Ownership of Public Image: Popular Culture and Publicity Rights.’ California Law Review 81 (1993): 12.
368. Malaczuk, Peter, ed. Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law. 7th Rev. ed. London: Routledge, 1999.
369. Malchup, Fritz. ‘An Economic Review of the Patent System.’ Subcommittee on Patents, Trademark and Copyrights, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 85th Congress, 2nd Session, Study № 15. Washington, DC, United States Government Printing Office, 1958.
370. Mann, Howard. ‘Intellectual Property Rights, Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge: A Critical Analysis in the Canadian Context.’ Prepared for the Canadian Working Group on Articles 8(j) of the Convention on Biological Diversity, November 1997.
371. Martin, Robyn, and Linda Johnson, eds. Law and the Public Dimension to Health. London: Cavendish Publishing, 2001.
372. McClellan, Traci. ‘The Role of International Law in Protecting the Traditional Knowledge and Plant Life of Indigenous Peoples.’ Wisconsin International Law Journal 19 (2001): 249.
373. McConnell, Fiona. The Biodiversity Convention: A Negotiation History. Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1996.
374. Matthews, Duncan. Globalizing Intellectual Property Rights: The TRIPS Agreement. New York: Routledge, 2002.
375. McDonald, I. Protecting Indigenous Intellectual Property: A Copyrights Perspective. Sydney: Australian Copyright Council, 1998.
376. McDougal, Myres S., Harold, D. Lasswell, and Lung-Chu, Chen. Human Rights and World Public Order: The Basic Policies of An International Law of Human Dignity. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1980.
377. McIntyre, John, and Daniel Papp, eds. The Political Economy on International Technology Transfer. New York: Quorum Books, 1986.
378. McNeely, Jeffrey. Economics and Biodiversity: Developing and Using Economic Incentives to Conserve Biological Resources. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1988.
379. McNeely, Jeffery A., et al., Conserving the World’s Biological Diversity. Washington, DC: IUCN/WRI/CI/WWF/World Bank, 1990.
380. Meron, Theodore. Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms as Customary Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.
381. Metens, Alice. South West Africa and Its Indigenous Peoples. London: Collins; New York: Talinger, 1966/7.
382. Meyer, George G., Kenneth Blum, and John G. Cull, eds. Folk Medicine and Herbal Healing. Springfield; IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1981.
383. Mgbeoji, Ikechi. Global Biopiracy: Patents, Plants and Indigenous Knowledge (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2005).
384. Mgbeoji, Ikechi. ‘Patents and Traditional Knowledge of Uses of Plants: Is a Communal Patent Regime Part of the Solution to the Scourge of Bio-Piracy?’ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 9 (2001): 163.
385. Mgbeoji, Ikechi Chibuzo Maduka. ‘Patents and Plants: Rethinking the Role of International Law in Relation to the Appropriation of Traditional Knowledge of Uses of Plants.’ S.J.D. thesis, Dalhousie University, 2001.
386. Milton, Kay. Environmentalism and Anthropology: Exploring the Role of Anthropology in Environmental Discourse. London: Routledge, 1996.
387. Minority Rights Group, ed. Polar Peoples: Self-Determination and Development. London: Minority Rights Publications, 1994.
388. Moore, Adam D., ed. Intellectual Property: Moral, Legal and International Dilemmas. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997.
389. Morley, Peter, and Roy Wallis, eds. Culture and Curing: Anthropological Perspectives on Traditional Medical Beliefs and Practices. London: Peter Owen, 1978.
390. Muanya, Chukwuma. ‘University of Lagos Begins Diploma Course in Herbal Medicine.’ Guardian (Nigeria), 30 October 2003. Available at http://www.odili.net/news/source/2003/oct/30/10.html.
391. Mugabe, John, et al., eds. Access to Genetic Resources: Strategies for Benefit Sharing. Nairobi, Kenya: ACTS Press, 1997.
392. Munasinghe, M., and Jeffrey McNeely. Protected Area Economics and Policy: Linking Conservation and Sustainable Development. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1994.
393. Murdock, George, P. Theories of Illness: A World Survey. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1980.
394. National Research Council (U.S.A.). Perspectives on Biodiversity: Valuing Its Role in Everchanging World. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999.
395. Netanel, Neil Weinstock. ‘Asserting Copyright Principles in the Global Arena.’ Vanderbilt Law Review 51 (1998): 217.
396. Netanel, Niel W. ‘Copyright and a Democratic Society.’ Yale Law Journal 106 (1996): 283.
397. Ngan, Winston P. ‘International Intellectual Property, Access to Health Care, and Human Rights: South Africa v. United States.’ Florida Journal of International Law 14 (2002): 147.
398. Nijar, G. ‘In Defence of Indigenous Knowledge and Biodiversity: A Conceptual Framework and Essential Elements of A Rights Regime.’ Third World Network Paper no. 1 (Penang, Malaysia, 1996).
399. Noble, Brian. ‘Circumventing Customary Transaction: Blackfoot Tipi Transfers and WIPO’s Search for Facts of Traditional Knowledge Exchange.' Contribution to monograph for Cambridge/Brunel Conference ‘Property, Transactions, Creations: New Economic Relations in the Pacific.’ University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., 13-15 December 2001.
400. Norton, Bryan G. Why Preserve Natural Variety? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.
401. Nozick, Robert. Anarchy State and Utopia. New York: Basic Books, 1974.
402. Nunes, Keith, '"We Can Do…. Better": Rights of Singular Peoples and the United Nations Draft Declaration on the "Rights of Indigenous Peoples."' St. Thomas Law Review 7 (1995): 521.
403. Nussbaum, Arthur. A Concise History of Law of Nations Rev. ed. New York: Macmillan, 1954.
404. Oddi, Samuel. ‘The International Patent System and Third World Development: Myth or Reality.’ Duke Law Journal 63 (1987): 831.
405. Oddi, Samuel. ‘TRIPs: Natural Rights and a Polite Form of Economic Imperialism.’ Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 29 (1996): 415.
406. Oguamanam, Chidi. ‘Between Reality and Rhetoric: The Epistemic Schism in the Recognition of Traditional Medicine in International Law.’ St. Thomas Law Review 16 (2003): 59.
407. Oguamanam, Chidi. ‘Genetic Use Restriction (or Terminator) Technologies (GURTs) in Agricultural Biotechnology: The Limits of Technological Alternative to Intellectual Property.’ 4 Canadian Journal of Law and Technology (2005): 59.
408. Oguamanam, Chidi. ‘Localizing Intellectual Property in the Globalization Epoch: The Integration of Indigenous Knowledge.’ Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 11 (2004): 135.
409. Oguamanam, Chidi. ‘The Protection of Indigenous Knowledge in International Law: Towards a Cross-Cultural Approach to Intellectual Property Rights.’ Australian Intellectual Property Journal 15 (2004): 34.
410. Okafor, Obiora Chinedu. Re-Defining Legitimate Statehood: International Law and State Fragmentation in Africa. Boston: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 2000.
411. Oppenheim, Lassa. International Law: A Treatise. 7th ed. by H. Lauterpacht. London and New York: Longmans Green, 1948-52.
412. Paterson, Robert K., and Dennis S. Karjala. ‘Looking Beyond Intellectual Property in Resolving Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage.’ Cardozo Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution 11 (2003): 633.
413. Pelletier, Benoîte. ‘The Case for the Treasures of L’Ange Gardien: An Overview.’ International Journal of Cultural Property 1 (1993): 371.
414. Penrose, Edith. The Economics of International Patent System. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1974.
415. Perlman, Dan L., and Glenn Adelson. Biodiversity: Exploring Values and Priorities in Conservation. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, 1997.
416. Persky, Stan. The Supreme Court of Canada Decision on Aboriginal Title: Delagamuukw. Vancouver: Greystone Books, 1998.
417. Philips, David. Health and Health Care in the Third World. New York: Youngman, 1990.
418. Philips, Jeremy, and Alison Firth. Introduction to Intellectual Property Law. 2nd ed. London: Butterworths, 1995.
419. Pillsbury, B.L.K. Traditional Health Care in the Near East. Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development, 1978.
420. Plotkin, Mark J., ed. Tales of a Shaman’s Apprentice: An Ethnobotanist Searches for New Medicines in the Amazon Rain Forest. New York: Viking, 1993.
421. Posey, Darrel, ed. Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity: A Complementary Contribution to Global Biodiversity Assessment. Nairobi and London: Intermediate Technology Publications for the UNEP, 1999.
422. Posey, Darrel, and Graham Dutfield. Beyond Intellectual Property: Toward Traditional Resource Rights for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1996.
423. Potts, Harold. ‘The Definition of Invention in Patent Law.’ Modern Law Review 7 (1944): 113.
424. Powers, Michelle. ‘The United Nations Framework Convention on Biological Diversity: Will Biodiversity Preservation Be Enhanced through Its Provisions Concerning Biotechnology Intellectual Property Rights?’ Wisconsin International Law Journal 12 (1993): 103.
425. Press, Irwin. ‘Problems in the Definition and Classification of Medical Systems.’ Social Science and Medicine 14B (1980): 45.
426. Proudhon, P.J. What is Property? An Inquiry into the Principles of Right and of Government. Trans. B.R. Tucker. Paris: 1840; repr. 1966.
427. Puri, Kamal. ‘Is Traditional or Cultural Knowledge a Form of Intellectual Property Rights?’ Paper presented at the Oxford University Intellectual Property Research Centre Research Seminar, 18 January 2000. Available at http://www.oiprc.ox.ac.uk/EJWP0100.pdf.
428. Quinn, Miriam Latore. ‘Protection for Indigenous Knowledge: An International Law Analysis.’ St. Thomas Law Review 14 (2001): 287.
429. Ralph, Oman. ‘Analysis of the Role of Copyright in Economic Development and Cultural Vitality.’ Available at http://upo.unesco.org/details.aspx?code_livre=3004#.
430. Randolph, Vance. Ozark Magic and Folklore. New York: Dover, 1964.
431. Ratzel, Friedrich. History of Mankind. 2nd German ed. Trans. A.L. Butler. London and New York: Macmillan, 1896.
432. Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, Harvard University, 1999.
433. Reaka-Kudla, Marjorie L., Don E. Wilson, and Edward O. Wilson, eds. Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 1997.
434. Reid, Walter V., et al., eds. Biodiversity Prospecting: Using Genetic Resources for Sustainable Development. New York: World Resources Institute, 1993.
435. Reid, Walter V., et al., eds. ‘Genetic Resources and Sustainable Agriculture: Creating Incentives for Local Innovation and Adaptation.’ Biopolicy Series no. 2. Nairobi, Kenya, African Centre for Technology, 1992.
436. Reisman, Michael W. ‘International Law Making: A Process of Communication.’ Lasswell Memorial Lecture delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law, 24 April 1981.
437. Reisman, W. Michael. ‘Autonomy, Independence, and Responsibility.’ Yale Law Journal 103 (1993): 401.
438. Report of the First Session of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, held at the United Nations Headquarters, New York 13-24 May 2002 UN Doc E/2002/42 suppl. № 43 (1 June 2002).
439. Ricketson, Sam. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works: 1886-1986. London: Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary College, 1987.
440. Ricketson, Sam. The Law of Intellectual Property. Sydney: Law Book Company, 1983.
441. Ritchie, Mark, et al., ‘Intellectual Property Rights and Biodiversity: The Industrialization of Natural Resources and Traditional Knowledge.’ St. John’s Journal of Legal Commentary 11 (1996): 432.
442. Robertson, J., and D. Calhoun. ‘Treaty on Biological Diversity: Ownership Issues and Access to Genetic Resources in New Zealand.’ European Intellectual Property Review 17 (1995): 219.
443. Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. ‘Of Seeds and Shamans: The Appropriation of Scientific and Technical Knowledge of Indigenous and Local Communities.’ Michigan Journal of International Law 17 (1996): 919.
444. Rosenberg, Tina. ‘Patent Your Heritage.’ New York Times. 15 December 2002.
445. Roth, Henry, L. Natives of Sarawak and British Borneo. London and New York: Truslove and Hanson, 1893-6.
446. Roy, Ellen, Peter Parkes, and Holly Harris, eds. Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and Its Transformations: Critical Anthropological Perspectives. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 2000.
447. Rural Advancement Foundation International (RAFI). ‘Bioprospecting/Biopiracy and Indigenous Peoples.’ Available at http://www.etcgroup.org/article.asp?newsid=212.
448. Rural Advancement Foundation International (RAFI). Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants. Ottawa: RAFI, 1989.
449. Salter, Liora. Mandated Science: Science and Scientists in the Making of Standards. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1993.
450. Sanders, Douglas. ‘Collective Rights.’ Human Rights Quarterly 13 (1991): 368.
451. Sanders, Douglas. ‘Indigenous Peoples in Comparative and International Law’ (1998). Unpublished lecture note archived at Law Faculty Library, University of British Columbia.
452. Sanders, Douglas. ‘The Re-Emergence of Indigenous Questions in International Law.’ Canadian Human Rights Yearbook (1983): 1.
453. Santos, Boaventura Sousa de. Toward a New Commonsense: Law, Politics in the Paradigmatic Transition. London: Routledge, 1995.
454. Saraf, D.N. ‘Resolutions of International Organizations: Binding Norms?’ Cochin University Law Review 14 (1990): 1.
455. Schiff, Eric. Industrialization without National Patents: The Netherlands, 1869-1912, Switzerland, 1850-1907. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971.
456. Schleiffer, Hedwig, ed. Sacred Narcotic Plants of the New World Indians: An Anthology of Texts from Sixteenth Century to Date. New York: Hafner Press, 1973.
457. Scoones, Ian, and John Thompson, eds. Beyond Farmer First. London: Intermediate Tech. Publications, 1994.
458. Scott, H.S. History of Tropical Medicine. London: Edward Arnold, 1939.
459. Schulman, Seth. Owning the Future. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.
460. Seagle, W. Men of Law: From Hammurabi to Holmes. New York: Macmillan, 1947.
461. Seeland, Klaus, ed. Nature Is Culture: Indigenous Knowledge and Socio-Cultural Aspects of Trees and Forests in Non-European Cultures. London: Intermediate Technologies Limited, 1997.
462. Sell, Susan K. ‘Post-TRIPS Developments: The Tension between Commercial and Social Agendas in the Context of Intellectual Property.’ Florida Journal of International Law 14 (2002): 193.
463. Sell, Susan K. Powers and Ideas: North-South Politics of Intellectual Property and Antitrust.Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.
464. Sell, Susan K. Private Power, Public Law: The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
465. Semali, Ladislaus M., and Joe L. Kincheloe, eds. What Is Indigenous Knowledge? Voices from the Academy. London: Falmer Press, 1999.
466. Sharma, K. ‘National Measures and Experience for Protection of Traditional Indian Medical Knowledge of Ayurveda in the Regime of Intellectual Property Rights.’ Paper presented at the WHO Inter-Regional Workshop on Intellectual Property Rights in the Context of Traditional Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand, 6-8 Dec 2000. WHO Doc. WHO/EDM/TRM/2001.1.
467. Sherwood, Robert. Intellectual Property and Economic Development. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990.
468. Shiva, Vandana. Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge. Boston: South End Press, 1997.
469. Shiva, Vandana. Monocultures of the Mind: Perspective on Biodiversity and Biotechnology. Penang, Malaysia: Third World Network, 1993.
470. Shiva, Vandana. ‘The Neem Tree: A Case History of Biopiracy.’ Available at http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/pir-ch.htm.
471. Shiva, Vandana, et al. Biodiversity: Social and Ecological Perspectives. Penang; Malaysia: World Rainforest Management, 1991.
472. Shyllon, Folarin. ‘Conservation and Preservation of Folklore in Africa: A General Survey.’ Copyright Bulletin 22 (1998): 37.
473. Simpson, G.E. Yoruba Medicine and Religion in Ibadan. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1980.
474. Simpson, T. ‘Indigenous Heritage and Self-Determination.’ International Working Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) Document 86 (1997).
475. Singer, Peter. Animal Liberation. New York: Avon Books, 1975.
476. Singer, Philip, ed. New Science or New Colonialism: Essays in Critique of Medical Anthropology. New York: Conch Magazine Publishers, 1977.
477. Smelser, Niel J., ed. The Handbook of Sociology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988.
478. Smet, Peter A.G.M. De. Herbs, Health and Healers: Africa as Ethnopharmacological Treasury. Berg en Dal, The Netherlands: Africa Museum, 1999.
479. Smith, Linda Tihuwai. Decolonization Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. New York: Zed Books, 1999.
480. Song, Sang-Hyun, and Seong-Ki Kim. ‘The Impact of Multilateral Trade Negotiations on Intellectual Property Laws in Korea.’ Pacific Basin Law Journal 13 (1994): 118.
481. Spaulding, Norman, III. ‘Commodification and Its Discontents: Environmentalism and the Promise of Market Incentives.’ Stanford Environmental Law Journal 16 (1997): 294.
482. Staugard, Frants. Traditional Medicine in Botswana. Gaborone: Ipelegang Publishers, 1985.
483. Stephenson, M.A., and S. Ratnapala, eds. Mabo: A Judicial Revolution. St. Lucia, Australia: University of Queensland Press, 1993.
484. Subcharoen, Pennapa. ‘Indigenous Knowledge and Intellectual Property: Thai Study.’ Paper presented at the Inter-Regional Workshop on Intellectual Property in the Context of Traditional Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand, 6-8 Dec. 2000. WHO/EDM/TRM/2001.1 (2001).
485. Sutherland, Joan. ‘TRIPs Cultural Politics and Law Reform.’ Prometheus 16 (1998): 291.
486. Swanson, Timothy, ed. Intellectual Property and Biological Diversity Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Values of Medicinal Plants. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
487. Takenaka, Toshikio. ‘The Role of the Japanese Patents System in Japanese Industry.’ Pacific Basin Law Journal 13 (1994): 25.
488. Tarasofsky, Richard G. ‘The Relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity: Toward a Pragmatic Approach.’ Review of European Community International Environmental Law 6 (1997): 148.
489. Tawney, R.H. Religion and the Rise of Capitalism. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1947.
490. Taylor, Allyn L. ‘Making the World Health Organization Work: A Legal Framework for Universal Access to the Conditions of Health.’ American Journal of Law and Medicine 18 (1992): 302.
491. Thomlinson, Timothy R., and Olayinwola Akerele, eds. Medicinal Plants: Their Role in Health and Biodiversity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.
492. Tompkins, Peter, and Christopher Bird. The Secret Life of Plants. New York: Avon Books, 1973.
493. Tomuschat, Christian, ed. The Modern Law of Self-determination. Dordrecht and Boston: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.
494. Torres, Raidza. ‘The Rights of Indigenous Populations: The Emerging International Norm.’ Yale Journal of International Law 16 (1991): 127.
495. Torres, Raidza Wick. ‘Revisiting the Emerging International Norm on Indigenous Rights: Autonomy as an Option.’ Yale Journal of International Law 25 (2000): 291.
496. Tretton, Guy. Intellectual Property in Europe. London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1996.
497. Twining, William. Globalisation and Legal Theory. London: Butterworths, 2000.
498. UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, ‘Study of the Problem of Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations.’ UN Doc. E/CN.4 sub.2/1986/7/Add.4 (1986).
499. Uchendu, Victor C. The Igbo of Southeast Nigeria. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc, 1965.
500. Underwood, Anne, and Melinda Liu. ‘Learning From China: Ancient Cures from the Middle Kingdom Has Won Converts in the West.’ Newsweek, 2 December 2002, 54.
501. UNESCO/WIPO. ‘Protection of Folklore.’ African Regional Consultation on the Protection of Expressions of Folklore, Pretoria, South Africa, 23-4 March 1999. Available at http://www.unesco.org/culture/copyright/folklore/html_eng/pretoria.shtml.
502. United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Peoples. ‘Study on the Protection of the Cultural and Intellectual Property of Indigenous Peoples’. UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1993/28 (28 July 1993).
503. United Nations Working Group on Intellectual-Property Aspects of Folklore Protection. Copyright Bulletin 15 (1981): 19.
504. United Nations. ‘Report of the Seminar on the Draft Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Heritage of Indigenous Peoples: Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples.’ UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2000/26 (2000), reprinted in St. Thomas Law Review at 13 (2000): 405.
505. USPTO. Advisory Opinion 98-6. ‘Facts on Patenting Life Forms Having Relationship to Humans.’ Available at http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/speeches/98-06.htm (1 April 1998).
506. Vattel, Emmerich de. The Law of Nations, or the Principles of Natural Law. Trans. Charles G. Fenwick, 1758 ed. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1916.
507. Vaver, David. Intellectual Property Law: Copyright, Patents and Trade-Marks. Concord, ON: Irwin Law, 1997.
508. Velimirovic, Boris. ‘Do We Still Need International Health Regulation?’ Journal of Infectious Diseases 133 (1976): 478.
509. Vogel, Virgil. American Indian Medicine. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970.
510. Vukmir, Mladen. ‘The Roots of Anglo-American Intellectual Property in Roman Law.’ Idea (Journal of Intellectual Property and Technology) 32 (1991): 123.
511. Waldron, Jeremy. ‘From Authors to Copiers: Individual Rights and Social Values in Intellectual Property Rights.’ Chi-Ken Law Review 68 (1983): 841.
512. Waldron, Jeremy. ‘Minority Cultures and the Cosmopolitan Alternative.’ University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 25 (1992): 751-93.
513. Wasson, Gordon R. Divine Mushroom of Immortality. New York: Harcourt Bruce Jovanovich, 1969.
514. Watson, Wilbur H., ed. Black Folk Medicine: The Therapeutic Significance of Faith and Trust. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1984.
515. Wegner, Harold. ‘TRIPS Boomerang-Obligations for Domestic Reform.’ Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 29 (1996): 535.
516. Westlake, John. Chapters on the Principles of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1894.
517. Wiessner, Siegfried. ‘Defending Indigenous Heritage: An introduction.’ St. Thomas Law Review 14 (2001): 271.
518. Wiessner, Siegfried. ‘Joining Control to Authority: The Hardened "Indigenous Norm."’ Yale Journal of International Law 25 (2000): 301.
519. Wiessner, Siegfried. ‘Rights and Status of Indigenous Peoples: A Global Perspective and International Legal Analysis.’ Harvard Human Rights Journal 2 (1999): 57.
520. Wiessner, Siegfried, and Marie Battiste. ‘The 2000 Revision of the United Nations Draft Principles and Guidelines on the Protection of the Heritage of Indigenous Peoples.’ St. Thomas Law Review 13 (2000): 383.
521. Wilhelm, Barthlott, and Jens Mutke. ‘Biomap: Biodiversity Mapping for Protection and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources.’ Available at http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/bonn/Biodiv_Mapping/biomaps.htm.
522. Williams, N.M., and G. Baines, eds. Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Wisdom for Sustainable Development. Canberra: Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, 1993.
523. Williams, Robert A., Jr. The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
524. Williams, Sharon A., and Armand L.C. de Mestral. An Introduction to International Law: Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied in Canada. 2nd ed. Toronto: Butterworths, 1987.
525. Wilmer, Franke. The Indigenous Voice in World Politics: Since Time Immemorial. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993.
526. Wilson, Edward O., ed. Biodiversity. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1988.
527. WIPO. '1967, 1982, 1984: Attempt to Provide International Protection for Folklore by Intellectual Property Rights.' WIPO Doc. UNESCO-WIPO/FOLK/PKT/97/19 (21 March 1997).
528. WIPO. ‘Call for Comments on Structure of Proposed Database of Contractual Practices and Clauses Relating to Intellectual Property, Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing.’ WIPO Doc. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/3/3 (28 February 2002). Available at http://www.wipo.int/eng/meetings/2002/igc/pdf/grtkfic3_3.pdf.
529. WIPO. ‘Elements of A Sui Generis System for the Protection of Traditional Knowledge.’ Paper prepared by the WIPO Secretariat for the Third Session of the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, 13-21 June 2002. WIPO Doc. WIPO/GRTFK/IC/3/8 (29 March 2002). Available at http://www.wipo.int/eng/meetings/2002/igc/pdf/grtkfic3_8.pdf.
530. WIPO. Fact-Finding Missions on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge 1998-1999. Geneva, April 2001.
531. WIPO. ‘Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, Second Session Report.’ WIPO Doc. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/2/16, (14 December 2001). Available at http://www.wipo.int/eng/meetings/2001/igc/pdf/grtkfic2_16.pdf.
532. WIPO. ‘Inventory of Traditional Knowledge-Related Periodicals.’ WIPO Doc. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/3/5 (30 April 2002).
533. WIPO. ‘WIPO Main Program 11, Global Intellectual Property Issues.’ WIPO Doc. A/34/2/WO/PBC/4/2.
534. WIPO. ‘Main Program 10, Global Intellectual Property Issues.’ WIPO Doc. WO/pbc/4/2. Available at http://www.wipo.int/documents/en/document/govbody/wo_gb_ab/prg10.htm.
535. WIPO. ‘Protection of Traditional Knowledge: A Global Intellectual Property Issue Roundtable on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge.’ Roundtable on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge, Geneva, 1-2 November, 1999. WIPO/IPRK/RT/99/2. Available at http://www.wipo.org/eng/meetings/1999/folklore/pdf/tkrt99_2.pdf.
536. WIPO. Questionnaire on National Experiences with the Legal Protection of Expressions of Folklore’ (22 June 2001). WIPO Doc. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/2/7. Available at http://www.wipo.int/documents/en/meetings/2001/igc/document_2.htm.
537. WIPO. ‘Report of the Joint WIPO-UNESCO World Forum on the Protection of Folklore.’ Phuket, 1997. WIPO Doc. UNESCO/WIPO/FOL/PKT/97/1 (17 March 1997).
538. WIPO. ‘Review of Existing Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge.’ WIPO Doc. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/3/7 (6 May 2002). Available at http://www.wipo.int/eng/meetings/2002/igc/pdf/grtkfic3_7.pdf.
539. WIPO. ‘Structure of Proposed Database of Contractual Practices and Clauses Relating to Intellectual Property, Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing.’ WIPO Doc. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/3/4 (17 May 2002). Available at http://www.wipo.int/eng/meetings/2002/igc/pdf/grtkfic3_4.pdf.
540. WIPO. ‘Survey on Existing Forms of Intellectual Property Protection for Traditional Knowledge.’ WIPO Doc. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/2/5 (8 August 2001). Available at http://www.wipo.in/documents/en/meetings/2001/igc/pdf/grtkfic2_5.pdf.
541. WIPO. ‘Survey on Existing Forms of Intellectual Property Protections for Traditional Knowledge - Preliminary Analysis and Conclusions.’ Prepared by WIPO Secretariat for the Second Meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC). WIPO/GRTFK/IC/2/9, (10-14 December 2001). Available at http://www.wipo.int/documents/en/meetings/2001/igc/pdf/grtkfic2_9.pdf.
542. WIPO. ‘Traditional Knowledge - Operational Terms and Definitions.’ Paper prepared by the WIPO Secretariat for the Third Session of the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, 13-21 June 2002. WIPO Doc. WIPO/GRTKF/IC/3/9 (20 May 2002). Available at http://www.wipo.int/eng/meetings/2002/igc/pdf/grtkfic3_9.pdf.
543. Wiser, Glenn M., and David R. Downes (Centre for International Environmental Law). ‘Comments on Improving Identification of Prior Art: Recommendations on Traditional Knowledge Relating to Biological Diversity Submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office’ (2 August 1999). Available at http://ciel.org/Publications/Identificationof PriorArt.pdf.
544. Wiser, Glenn M. ‘PTO Rejection of the Ayahuasca Patent Claim: Background and Analysis.’ (1999). Available at http://www.ciel.org/Biodiversity/ptorejection.html.
545. Wolfrum, Rudiger. ‘The Principle of Common Heritage of Mankind.’ Heidelberg Journal of International Law 43 (1983): 312.
546. Wood, Alexander, et al., eds. The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss. London: Earthscan, 2000.
547. Wood, Paul, M. Biodiversity and Democracy: Rethinking Society and Nature. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000.
548. Working Group on Indigenous Populations. ‘Study on the Protection of the Cultural and Intellectual Property of Indigenous Peoples’ E/CN.4/Sub.2/1993/28 (28 July 1993).
549. World Bank, ‘Operational Directive 4.20, "Indigenous Peoples."’ Available at http://www.worldbank.org (search for OD 4.20).
550. World Health Organization. ‘General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine.’ WHO Doc. WHO/EDM/TRM/200.1. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
551. World Health Organization. International Health Regulations. 3rd Annotated ed. Geneva: WHO, 1983.
552. World Health Organization. The Legal Status of Traditional and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: A Worldwide Review. Geneva: WHO, 2001.
553. World Health Organization. Regulatory Situation of Herbal Medicines: A World Review. WHO/TRM/98.1. Geneva: WHO, 1998.
554. World Health Organization. Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005. Geneva: WHO, 2002.
555. World Trade Organization. ‘Doha Ministerial Declaration’ WTO Doc. WT/MIN/O1/Dec/1 (14 November 2001). Available at http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_e.htm.
556. Wrigley, Stephen K., et al., eds. Biodiversity: New Leads for Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Industries. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2000.
557. Wutzke, Jeffrey. Comment: ‘Dependent Independence: Application of the Nunavut Model to Native Hawaiian Sovereignty and Self-determination Claims.’ American Indian Law Review 22 (1998): 509.
558. Yambrusic, Edward Slavako. Trade-Based Approaches to the Protection of Intellectual Property. New York: Oceana Publication, 1992.
559. Yano, Lester. ‘Protection of Ethnobiological Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples.’ UCLA Law Review 41 (1993): 443.
560. Yemin, F., and D. Posey. ‘Indigenous Peoples, Biotechnology and Intellectual Property Rights.’ Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 2 (1993): 141.
561. Yoda, P. Stanley, ed. African Health and Healing Systems: Proceedings of a Symposium. Los Angeles: Crossroads, 1982.
562. Yu, Jianyang. ‘Protection of Intellectual Property in the P.R.C.: Progress, Problems, and Proposals.’ Pacific Basin Law Journal 13 (1994): 140.
563. Zhang Xiaorui. ‘The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Context of Traditional Medicine.’ Paper delivered at the WHO Inter-Regional Workshop on Intellectual Property Rights in the Context of Traditional Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand, 6-8 December 2000. WHO Doc. WHO/EDM/TRM/2001.1 (2001).