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1
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0030303439
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Trade-related intellectual property rights to biological resources: Socioeconomic implications for developing countries'
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[Uruguay Round] negotiations', quoted in Gurdial Singh Nijar 'TRIPs and Biodiversity - The Threat and Responses: A Third World View', Third World Network, Paper 2, 1996. Less sympathetic to Northern concerns about the high cost of research and development and the ability of pirating many products through reverse engineering, many in Southern countries fear the practical impacts of these monopoly rights, seeing them as reinforcing the economic dominance of the North and as depriving developing countries of much needed technology by being able to charge unaffordable prices. For a review of differing perspectives, see M.G. Bhat, Trade-related intellectual property rights to biological resources: Socioeconomic implications for developing countries'. Ecological Economics, 19 (1996) 205-217.
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(1996)
Ecological Economics
, vol.19
, pp. 205-217
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Bhat, M.G.1
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2
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28644437980
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E.g. FAO, especially for plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, and WIPO for technology transfer
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E.g. FAO, especially for plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, and WIPO for technology transfer.
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3
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28644438561
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By the end of 1996, there were 128 Members of the World Trade Organization
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By the end of 1996, there were 128 Members of the World Trade Organization.
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4
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28644444679
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note
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Intellectual property in the TRIPs Agreement include patents, copyright, geographic indication, industrial designs, trademarks, trade secrets (undisclosed information) and layout designs of integrated circuits. Relevant international agreements include the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883) and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886).
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5
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85102481403
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note
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Article 4: With regard to the protection of intellectual property, any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity granted by a Member to the nationals of any other country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to the nationals of all other Members....
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6
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85102481081
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Article 3(1): Each Member shall accord to the nationals of other Members treatment no less favourable than that it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection of intellectual property ..
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Article 3(1): Each Member shall accord to the nationals of other Members treatment no less favourable than that it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection of intellectual property...
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7
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85102481332
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Article 65(1) to (3). Article 65(4) allows a further five of years for developing countries who do not provide protection for matters referred to in, inter alia Article 27(2). Article 66 provides a delay of 10 years for least developed countries
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Article 65(1) to (3). Article 65(4) allows a further five of years for developing countries who do not provide protection for matters referred to in, inter alia Article 27(2). Article 66 provides a delay of 10 years for least developed countries.
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