메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 51, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 767-778

Predictors of the Onset of Cigarette Smoking: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Population-Based Studies in Youth

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; CHILD; EMBASE; EXPOSURE; FAMILY STUDY; FRIEND; HUMAN; JUVENILE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MEDLINE; MONITORING; PREVENTION; SELF ESTEEM; SENSATION SEEKING; SMOKING; SYNTHESIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TOBACCO; ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ONSET AGE;

EID: 84966606335     PISSN: 07493797     EISSN: 18732607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.04.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (185)

References (102)
  • 1
    • 84964768368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General
    • DHHS, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health Atlanta, GA
    • 1 U.S. DHHS. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. 2012, DHHS, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA.
    • (2012)
  • 2
    • 84861465902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2014: Volume I, Secondary School Students
    • Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan Ann Arbor
    • 2 Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., Bachman, J.G., Schulenberg, J.E., Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2014: Volume I, Secondary School Students. 2015, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
    • (2015)
    • Johnston, L.D.1    O'Malley, P.M.2    Bachman, J.G.3    Schulenberg, J.E.4
  • 3
    • 84882765837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School-based programmes for preventing smoking
    • 3 Thomas, R.E., McLellan, J., Perera, R., School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4, 2013, CD001293, 10.1002/14651858.CD001293.pub3.
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.4 , pp. CD001293
    • Thomas, R.E.1    McLellan, J.2    Perera, R.3
  • 4
    • 7644233778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The St-Louis du Parc Heart Health Project: a critical analysis of the reverse effects on smoking
    • 4 Renaud, L., O'Loughlin, J., Dery, V., The St-Louis du Parc Heart Health Project: a critical analysis of the reverse effects on smoking. Tob Control 12:3 (2003), 302–309, 10.1136/tc.12.3.302.
    • (2003) Tob Control , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 302-309
    • Renaud, L.1    O'Loughlin, J.2    Dery, V.3
  • 5
    • 71049185075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of a social contract smoking prevention program among children in Québec, Canada
    • 5 Kairouz, S., O'Loughlin, J., Laguë, J., Adverse effects of a social contract smoking prevention program among children in Québec, Canada. Tob Control 18:6 (2009), 474–478, 10.1136/tc.2009.030445.
    • (2009) Tob Control , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 474-478
    • Kairouz, S.1    O'Loughlin, J.2    Laguë, J.3
  • 6
    • 0031777225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stages of acquisition and cessation for adolescent smoking: an empirical integration
    • 6 Pallonen, U.E., Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W.F., Prokhorov, A.V., Smith, N.F., Stages of acquisition and cessation for adolescent smoking: an empirical integration. Addict Behav 23:3 (1998), 303–324, 10.1016/S0306-4603(97)00074-9.
    • (1998) Addict Behav , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-324
    • Pallonen, U.E.1    Prochaska, J.O.2    Velicer, W.F.3    Prokhorov, A.V.4    Smith, N.F.5
  • 7
    • 0034042225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stages in the development of adolescent smoking
    • 7 Mayhew, K.P., Flay, B.R., Mott, J.A., Stages in the development of adolescent smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend 59:suppl 1 (2000), S61–S81, 10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00165-9.
    • (2000) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.59 , pp. S61-S81
    • Mayhew, K.P.1    Flay, B.R.2    Mott, J.A.3
  • 8
    • 0019059710 scopus 로고
    • The smoking problem: a review of the research and theory in behavioral risk modification
    • 8 Leventhal, H., Cleary, P.D., The smoking problem: a review of the research and theory in behavioral risk modification. Psycholl Bull 88:2 (1980), 370–405, 10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.370.
    • (1980) Psycholl Bull , vol.88 , Issue.2 , pp. 370-405
    • Leventhal, H.1    Cleary, P.D.2
  • 9
    • 84962923733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
    • 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association Washington, DC
    • 9 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed., 2015, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
    • (2015)
  • 10
    • 0034268270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial symptoms of nicotine dependence in adolescents
    • 10 DiFranza, J.R., Rigotti, N.A., McNeill, A.D., et al. Initial symptoms of nicotine dependence in adolescents. Tob Control 9:3 (2000), 313–319, 10.1136/tc.9.3.313.
    • (2000) Tob Control , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-319
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Rigotti, N.A.2    McNeill, A.D.3
  • 11
    • 34347384628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms of tobacco dependence after brief intermittent use: the Development and Assexxment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth study II
    • 11 DiFranza, J.R., Savageau, J.A., Fletcher, K.E., et al. Symptoms of tobacco dependence after brief intermittent use: the Development and Assexxment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth study II. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 161:7 (2007), 704–710, 10.1001/archpedi.161.7.704.
    • (2007) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.161 , Issue.7 , pp. 704-710
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Savageau, J.A.2    Fletcher, K.E.3
  • 12
    • 1242280166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine-dependence symptoms are associated with smoking frequency in adolescents
    • 12 O'Loughlin, J., DiFranza, J.R., Tyndale, R.F., et al. Nicotine-dependence symptoms are associated with smoking frequency in adolescents. Am J Prev Med 25:3 (2003), 219–225, 10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00198-3.
    • (2003) Am J Prev Med , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 219-225
    • O'Loughlin, J.1    DiFranza, J.R.2    Tyndale, R.F.3
  • 13
    • 33746823441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milestones in the natural course of onset of cigarette use among adolescents
    • 13 Gervais, A., O'Loughlin, J., Meshefedjian, G., Bancej, C., Tremblay, M., Milestones in the natural course of onset of cigarette use among adolescents. Can Med Assoc J 175:3 (2006), 255–261, 10.1503/cmaj.051235.
    • (2006) Can Med Assoc J , vol.175 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-261
    • Gervais, A.1    O'Loughlin, J.2    Meshefedjian, G.3    Bancej, C.4    Tremblay, M.5
  • 14
    • 61549094946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milestones in the process of cessation among novice adolescent smokers
    • 14 O'Loughlin, J., Gervais, A., Dugas, E., Meshefedjian, G., Milestones in the process of cessation among novice adolescent smokers. Am J Public Health 99:3 (2009), 499–504, 10.2105/AJPH.2007.128629.
    • (2009) Am J Public Health , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 499-504
    • O'Loughlin, J.1    Gervais, A.2    Dugas, E.3    Meshefedjian, G.4
  • 15
    • 0025583017 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of cigarette smoking: predicting young-adult smoking outcomes from adolescent smoking patterns
    • 15 Chassin, L., Presson, C.C., Sherman, S.J., Edwards, D.A., The natural history of cigarette smoking: predicting young-adult smoking outcomes from adolescent smoking patterns. Health Psychol 9:6 (1990), 701–716, 10.1037/0278-6133.9.6.701.
    • (1990) Health Psychol , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 701-716
    • Chassin, L.1    Presson, C.C.2    Sherman, S.J.3    Edwards, D.A.4
  • 16
    • 0004049970 scopus 로고
    • Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People. A Report of the Surgeon General
    • U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC
    • 16 CDC. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People. A Report of the Surgeon General. 1994, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (1994)
  • 17
    • 84872620797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in smoking initiation among children and adolescents
    • 17 Okoli, C., Greaves, L., Fagyas, V., Sex differences in smoking initiation among children and adolescents. Public Health 127:1 (2013), 3–10, 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.09.015.
    • (2013) Public Health , vol.127 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-10
    • Okoli, C.1    Greaves, L.2    Fagyas, V.3
  • 18
    • 84872838275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of moderating factors including serotonin transporter polymorphisms on smoking behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis update
    • 18 Ohmoto, M., Hirakoshi, M., Mitsumoto, Y., Effects of moderating factors including serotonin transporter polymorphisms on smoking behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis update. Nicotine Tob Res 15:2 (2013), 572–582, 10.1093/ntr/nts149.
    • (2013) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 572-582
    • Ohmoto, M.1    Hirakoshi, M.2    Mitsumoto, Y.3
  • 19
    • 84874035227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between dopamine receptor 2 TaqIA polymorphisms and smoking behavior with an influence of ethnicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis update
    • 19 Ohmoto, M., Sakaishi, K., Hama, A., Morita, A., Nomura, M., Mitsumoto, Y., Association between dopamine receptor 2 TaqIA polymorphisms and smoking behavior with an influence of ethnicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis update. Nicotine Tob Res 15:3 (2013), 633–642, 10.1093/ntr/nts196.
    • (2013) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 633-642
    • Ohmoto, M.1    Sakaishi, K.2    Hama, A.3    Morita, A.4    Nomura, M.5    Mitsumoto, Y.6
  • 20
    • 84862008447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the A118G (Asn40Asp) variant of OPRM1 in relation to smoking initiation, nicotine dependence and smoking cessation
    • 20 Verhagen, M., Kleinjan, M., Engels, R.C., A systematic review of the A118G (Asn40Asp) variant of OPRM1 in relation to smoking initiation, nicotine dependence and smoking cessation. Pharmacogenomics 13:8 (2012), 917–933, 10.2217/pgs.12.76.
    • (2012) Pharmacogenomics , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 917-933
    • Verhagen, M.1    Kleinjan, M.2    Engels, R.C.3
  • 21
    • 4544328497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic basis for smoking behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • 21 Munafò, M., Clark, T., Johnstone, E., Murphy, M., Walton, R., The genetic basis for smoking behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 6:4 (2004), 583–597, 10.1080/14622200410001734030.
    • (2004) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 583-597
    • Munafò, M.1    Clark, T.2    Johnstone, E.3    Murphy, M.4    Walton, R.5
  • 22
    • 80053290814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to parental and sibling smoking and the risk of smoking uptake in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • 22 Leonardi-Bee, J., Jere, M.L., Britton, J., Exposure to parental and sibling smoking and the risk of smoking uptake in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 66:10 (2011), 847–855, 10.1136/thx.2010.153379.
    • (2011) Thorax , vol.66 , Issue.10 , pp. 847-855
    • Leonardi-Bee, J.1    Jere, M.L.2    Britton, J.3
  • 23
    • 84926483619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviors: smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation
    • 23 Okoli, C.T.C., Kodet, J., A systematic review of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviors: smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation. Addict Behav 47 (2015), 22–32, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.018.
    • (2015) Addict Behav , vol.47 , pp. 22-32
    • Okoli, C.T.C.1    Kodet, J.2
  • 24
    • 77955334153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media exposure and tobacco, illicit drugs, and alcohol use among children and adolescents: a systematic review
    • 24 Nunez-Smith, M., Wolf, E., Huang, H.M., et al. Media exposure and tobacco, illicit drugs, and alcohol use among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Subst Abus 31:3 (2010), 174–192, 10.1080/08897077.2010.495648.
    • (2010) Subst Abus , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 174-192
    • Nunez-Smith, M.1    Wolf, E.2    Huang, H.M.3
  • 25
    • 33745321049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco promotion and the initiation of tobacco use: assessing the evidence for causality
    • 25 DiFranza, J.R., Wellman, R.J., Sargent, J.D., Weitzman, M., Hipple, B.J., Winickoff, J.P., Tobacco promotion and the initiation of tobacco use: assessing the evidence for causality. Pediatrics 117:6 (2006), e1237–e1248, 10.1542/peds.2005-1817.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117 , Issue.6 , pp. e1237-e1248
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Wellman, R.J.2    Sargent, J.D.3    Weitzman, M.4    Hipple, B.J.5    Winickoff, J.P.6
  • 26
    • 33845468816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extent to which tobacco marketing and tobacco use in films contribute to children's use of tobacco: a meta-analysis
    • 26 Wellman, R.J., Sugarman, D.B., DiFranza, J.R., Winickoff, J.P., The extent to which tobacco marketing and tobacco use in films contribute to children's use of tobacco: a meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 160:12 (2006), 1285–1296, 10.1001/archpedi.160.12.1285.
    • (2006) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.160 , Issue.12 , pp. 1285-1296
    • Wellman, R.J.1    Sugarman, D.B.2    DiFranza, J.R.3    Winickoff, J.P.4
  • 27
    • 64049083178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of tobacco promotion at the point of sale: a systematic review
    • 27 Paynter, J., Edwards, R., The impact of tobacco promotion at the point of sale: a systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res 11:1 (2009), 25–35, 10.1093/ntr/ntn002.
    • (2009) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-35
    • Paynter, J.1    Edwards, R.2
  • 28
    • 31644450014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking in the movies increases adolescent smoking: a review
    • 28 Charlesworth, A., Glantz, S.A., Smoking in the movies increases adolescent smoking: a review. Pediatrics 116:6 (2005), 1516–1528, 10.1542/peds.2005-0141.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , Issue.6 , pp. 1516-1528
    • Charlesworth, A.1    Glantz, S.A.2
  • 29
    • 84861014389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking initiation among young adults in the United States and Canada, 1998-2010: a systematic review
    • 29 Freedman, K.S., Nelson, N.M., Feldman, L.L., Smoking initiation among young adults in the United States and Canada, 1998-2010: a systematic review. Prev Chronic Dis, 9, 2012, 110037, 10.5888/pcd9.110037.
    • (2012) Prev Chronic Dis , vol.9 , pp. 110037
    • Freedman, K.S.1    Nelson, N.M.2    Feldman, L.L.3
  • 30
    • 84887561157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of life-course familial and lifestyle factors of smoking initiation and cessation
    • 30 Mak, K.-K., Ho, S.-Y., Day, J.R., A review of life-course familial and lifestyle factors of smoking initiation and cessation. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 7:6 (2013), 457–463, 10.1007/s12170-013-0341-x.
    • (2013) Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 457-463
    • Mak, K.-K.1    Ho, S.-Y.2    Day, J.R.3
  • 31
    • 80155128838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours
    • 31 Lovato, C., Linn, G., Stead, L.F., Best, A., Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4, 2003, CD003439, 10.1002/14651858.CD003439.
    • (2003) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.4 , pp. CD003439
    • Lovato, C.1    Linn, G.2    Stead, L.F.3    Best, A.4
  • 32
    • 80155128838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours
    • 32 Lovato, C., Watts, A., Stead, L.F., Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours. Cochrane Database Syst Rev(10), 2011, CD003439, 10.1002/14651858.CD003439.pub2.
    • (2011) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.10 , pp. CD003439
    • Lovato, C.1    Watts, A.2    Stead, L.F.3
  • 33
    • 84993290252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transparent reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Accessed August 15
    • 33 PRISMA. Transparent reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. www.prisma-statement.org. Accessed August 15, 2015.
    • (2015)
  • 34
    • 52449129870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household smoking bans and adolescent antismoking attitudes and smoking initiation: findings from a longitudinal study of a Massachusetts youth cohort
    • 34 Albers, A.B., Biener, L., Siegel, M., Cheng, D.M., Rigotti, N., Household smoking bans and adolescent antismoking attitudes and smoking initiation: findings from a longitudinal study of a Massachusetts youth cohort. Am J Public Health 98:10 (2008), 1886–1893, 10.2105/AJPH.2007.129320.
    • (2008) Am J Public Health , vol.98 , Issue.10 , pp. 1886-1893
    • Albers, A.B.1    Biener, L.2    Siegel, M.3    Cheng, D.M.4    Rigotti, N.5
  • 35
    • 0030280974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the self-image and smoker stereotype in smoking onset during early adolescence: a longitudinal study
    • 35 Aloise-Young, P.A., Hennigan, K.M., Graham, J.W., Role of the self-image and smoker stereotype in smoking onset during early adolescence: a longitudinal study. Health Psychol 15:6 (1996), 494–497, 10.1037/0278-6133.15.6.494.
    • (1996) Health Psychol , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 494-497
    • Aloise-Young, P.A.1    Hennigan, K.M.2    Graham, J.W.3
  • 36
    • 20744456483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociometric status as a predictor of onset and progression in adolescent cigarette smoking
    • 36 Aloise-Young, P.A., Kaeppner, C.J., Sociometric status as a predictor of onset and progression in adolescent cigarette smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 7:2 (2005), 199–206, 10.1080/14622200500055277.
    • (2005) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 199-206
    • Aloise-Young, P.A.1    Kaeppner, C.J.2
  • 37
    • 0035003271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in parent and friend influence during adolescence: the case of adolescent cigarette smoking
    • 37 Bauman, K.E., Carver, K., Gleiter, K., Trends in parent and friend influence during adolescence: the case of adolescent cigarette smoking. Addict Behav 26:3 (2001), 349–361, 10.1016/S0306-4603(00)00110-6.
    • (2001) Addict Behav , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-361
    • Bauman, K.E.1    Carver, K.2    Gleiter, K.3
  • 38
    • 60649117219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social-cognitive and school factors in initiation of smoking among adolescents: a prospective cohort study
    • 38 Bidstrup, P.E., Frederiksen, K., Siersma, V., et al. Social-cognitive and school factors in initiation of smoking among adolescents: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:2 (2009), 384–392, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0584.
    • (2009) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 384-392
    • Bidstrup, P.E.1    Frederiksen, K.2    Siersma, V.3
  • 39
    • 70849129574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental monitoring at age 11 and smoking initiation up to age 17 among blacks and whites: a prospective investigation
    • 39 Bohnert, K.M., Rios-Bedoya, C.F., Breslau, N., Parental monitoring at age 11 and smoking initiation up to age 17 among blacks and whites: a prospective investigation. Nicotine Tob Res 11:12 (2009), 1474–1478, 10.1093/ntr/ntp160.
    • (2009) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.11 , Issue.12 , pp. 1474-1478
    • Bohnert, K.M.1    Rios-Bedoya, C.F.2    Breslau, N.3
  • 40
    • 80155179474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of experimental smoking in school children: an 8-year follow-up of the child and adolescent behaviors in long-term evolution (CABLE) study
    • 40 Chang, H.Y., Wu, W.C., Wu, C.C., Cheng, J.Y., Hurng, B.S., Yen, L.L., The incidence of experimental smoking in school children: an 8-year follow-up of the child and adolescent behaviors in long-term evolution (CABLE) study. BMC Public Health, 11, 2011, 844, 10.1186/1471-2458-11-844.
    • (2011) BMC Public Health , vol.11 , pp. 844
    • Chang, H.Y.1    Wu, W.C.2    Wu, C.C.3    Cheng, J.Y.4    Hurng, B.S.5    Yen, L.L.6
  • 41
    • 0041698076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of viewing smoking in movies on adolescent smoking initiation: a cohort study
    • 41 Dalton, M.A., Sargent, J.D., Beach, M.L., et al. Effect of viewing smoking in movies on adolescent smoking initiation: a cohort study. Lancet 362:9380 (2003), 281–285, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13970-0.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9380 , pp. 281-285
    • Dalton, M.A.1    Sargent, J.D.2    Beach, M.L.3
  • 42
    • 33748572980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escalation and initiation of younger adolescents’ substance use: the impact of perceived peer use
    • 42 D'Amico, E.J., McCarthy, D.M., Escalation and initiation of younger adolescents’ substance use: the impact of perceived peer use. J Adolesc Health 39:4 (2006), 481–487, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.02.010.
    • (2006) J Adolesc Health , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 481-487
    • D'Amico, E.J.1    McCarthy, D.M.2
  • 43
    • 29144454553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental anti-smoking socialization. associations between parental anti-smoking socialization practices and early adolescent smoking initiation
    • 43 den Exter Blokland, E.A., Hale, W.W. 3rd, Meeus, W., Engels, R.C., Parental anti-smoking socialization. associations between parental anti-smoking socialization practices and early adolescent smoking initiation. Eur Addict Res 12:1 (2006), 25–32, 10.1159/000088580.
    • (2006) Eur Addict Res , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-32
    • den Exter Blokland, E.A.1    Hale, W.W.2    Meeus, W.3    Engels, R.C.4
  • 44
    • 37549005213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental support and control and early adolescent smoking: a longitudinal study
    • 44 den Exter Blokland, E.A., Hale, W.W. 3rd, Meeus, W., Engels, R.C., Parental support and control and early adolescent smoking: a longitudinal study. Subst Use Misuse 42:14 (2007), 2223–2232, 10.1080/10826080701690664.
    • (2007) Subst Use Misuse , vol.42 , Issue.14 , pp. 2223-2232
    • den Exter Blokland, E.A.1    Hale, W.W.2    Meeus, W.3    Engels, R.C.4
  • 45
    • 3042732168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do favorite movie stars influence adolescent smoking initiation?
    • 45 Distefan, J.M., Pierce, J.P., Gilpin, E.A., Do favorite movie stars influence adolescent smoking initiation?. Am J Public Health 94:7 (2004), 1239–1244, 10.2105/AJPH.94.7.1239.
    • (2004) Am J Public Health , vol.94 , Issue.7 , pp. 1239-1244
    • Distefan, J.M.1    Pierce, J.P.2    Gilpin, E.A.3
  • 46
    • 48249143192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived accessibility as a predictor of youth smoking
    • 46 Doubeni, C.A., Li, W., Fouayzi, H., Difranza, J.R., Perceived accessibility as a predictor of youth smoking. Ann Fam Med 6:4 (2008), 323–330, 10.1370/afm.841.
    • (2008) Ann Fam Med , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 323-330
    • Doubeni, C.A.1    Li, W.2    Fouayzi, H.3    Difranza, J.R.4
  • 47
    • 4844223613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence and selection processes in friendships and adolescent smoking behaviour: the role of parental smoking
    • 47 Engels, R.C., Vitaro, F., Blokland, E.D., de Kemp, R., Scholte, R.H., Influence and selection processes in friendships and adolescent smoking behaviour: the role of parental smoking. J Adolesc 27:5 (2004), 531–544, 10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.06.006.
    • (2004) J Adolesc , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 531-544
    • Engels, R.C.1    Vitaro, F.2    Blokland, E.D.3    de Kemp, R.4    Scholte, R.H.5
  • 48
    • 84993808207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early gender differences in adolescent tobacco use—the experience of a Swedish cohort
    • 48 Galanti, M.R., Rosendahl, I., Post, A., Gilljam, H., Early gender differences in adolescent tobacco use—the experience of a Swedish cohort. Scand J Public Health 29:4 (2001), 314–317, 10.1177/14034948010290040401.
    • (2001) Scand J Public Health , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 314-317
    • Galanti, M.R.1    Rosendahl, I.2    Post, A.3    Gilljam, H.4
  • 49
    • 12744262864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How have smoking risk factors changed with recent declines in California adolescent smoking?
    • 49 Gilpin, E.A., Lee, L., Pierce, J.P., How have smoking risk factors changed with recent declines in California adolescent smoking?. Addiction 100:1 (2005), 117–125, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00938.x.
    • (2005) Addiction , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-125
    • Gilpin, E.A.1    Lee, L.2    Pierce, J.P.3
  • 50
    • 79551520328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette advertising and teen smoking initiation
    • 50 Hanewinkel, R., Isensee, B., Sargent, J.D., Morgenstern, M., Cigarette advertising and teen smoking initiation. Pediatrics 127:2 (2011), e271–e278, 10.1542/peds.2010-2934.
    • (2011) Pediatrics , vol.127 , Issue.2 , pp. e271-e278
    • Hanewinkel, R.1    Isensee, B.2    Sargent, J.D.3    Morgenstern, M.4
  • 51
    • 51249088991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of parental movie restriction on teen smoking and drinking in Germany
    • 51 Hanewinkel, R., Morgenstern, M., Tanski, S.E., Sargent, J.D., Longitudinal study of parental movie restriction on teen smoking and drinking in Germany. Addiction 103:10 (2008), 1722–1730, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02308.x.
    • (2008) Addiction , vol.103 , Issue.10 , pp. 1722-1730
    • Hanewinkel, R.1    Morgenstern, M.2    Tanski, S.E.3    Sargent, J.D.4
  • 52
    • 38049013713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to smoking in internationally distributed American movies and youth smoking in Germany: a cross-cultural cohort study
    • 52 Hanewinkel, R., Sargent, J.D., Exposure to smoking in internationally distributed American movies and youth smoking in Germany: a cross-cultural cohort study. Pediatrics 121:1 (2008), e108–e117, 10.1542/peds.2007-1201.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121 , Issue.1 , pp. e108-e117
    • Hanewinkel, R.1    Sargent, J.D.2
  • 53
    • 84872687070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between neurocognitive functioning and smoking in adolescence: the TRAILS study
    • 53 Harakeh, Z., de Sonneville, L., van den Eijnden, R.J., et al. The association between neurocognitive functioning and smoking in adolescence: the TRAILS study. Neuropsychology 26:5 (2012), 541–550, 10.1037/a0029217.
    • (2012) Neuropsychology , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 541-550
    • Harakeh, Z.1    de Sonneville, L.2    van den Eijnden, R.J.3
  • 54
    • 4744351336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental factors and adolescents’ smoking behavior: an extension of the theory of planned behavior
    • 54 Harakeh, Z., Scholte, R.H., Vermulst, A.A., de Vries, H., Engels, R.C., Parental factors and adolescents’ smoking behavior: an extension of the theory of planned behavior. Prev Med 39:5 (2004), 951–961, 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.036.
    • (2004) Prev Med , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 951-961
    • Harakeh, Z.1    Scholte, R.H.2    Vermulst, A.A.3    de Vries, H.4    Engels, R.C.5
  • 55
    • 77955507693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of exposure to retail cigarette advertising and smoking initiation
    • 55 Henriksen, L., Schleicher, N.C., Feighery, E.C., Fortmann, S.P., A longitudinal study of exposure to retail cigarette advertising and smoking initiation. Pediatrics 126:2 (2010), 232–238, 10.1542/peds.2009-3021.
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.126 , Issue.2 , pp. 232-238
    • Henriksen, L.1    Schleicher, N.C.2    Feighery, E.C.3    Fortmann, S.P.4
  • 56
    • 32644450831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are anti-smoking parenting practices related to adolescent smoking cognitions and behavior?
    • 56 Huver, R.M., Engels, R.C., de Vries, H., Are anti-smoking parenting practices related to adolescent smoking cognitions and behavior?. Health Educ Res 21:1 (2006), 66–77, 10.1093/her/cyh045.
    • (2006) Health Educ Res , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-77
    • Huver, R.M.1    Engels, R.C.2    de Vries, H.3
  • 57
    • 0031928692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive susceptibility to smoking and initiation of smoking during childhood: a longitudinal study
    • 57 Jackson, C., Cognitive susceptibility to smoking and initiation of smoking during childhood: a longitudinal study. Prev Med 27:1 (1998), 129–134, 10.1006/pmed.1997.0255.
    • (1998) Prev Med , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 129-134
    • Jackson, C.1
  • 58
    • 33847649926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-rated movies, bedroom televisions, and initiation of smoking by white and black adolescents
    • 58 Jackson, C., Brown, J.D., L'Engle, K.L., R-rated movies, bedroom televisions, and initiation of smoking by white and black adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 161:3 (2007), 260–268, 10.1001/archpedi.161.3.260.
    • (2007) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.161 , Issue.3 , pp. 260-268
    • Jackson, C.1    Brown, J.D.2    L'Engle, K.L.3
  • 59
    • 0032135502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study predicting patterns of cigarette smoking in late childhood
    • 59 Jackson, C., Henriksen, L., Dickinson, D., Messer, L., Robertson, S.B., A longitudinal study predicting patterns of cigarette smoking in late childhood. Health Educ Behav 25:4 (1998), 436–447, 10.1177/109019819802500403.
    • (1998) Health Educ Behav , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 436-447
    • Jackson, C.1    Henriksen, L.2    Dickinson, D.3    Messer, L.4    Robertson, S.B.5
  • 60
    • 0030785459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of risk factors for the initiation of cigarette smoking
    • 60 Killen, J.D., Robinson, T.N., Haydel, K.F., et al. Prospective study of risk factors for the initiation of cigarette smoking. J Consul Clin Psychol 65:6 (1997), 1011–1016, 10.1037/0022-006X.65.6.1011.
    • (1997) J Consul Clin Psychol , vol.65 , Issue.6 , pp. 1011-1016
    • Killen, J.D.1    Robinson, T.N.2    Haydel, K.F.3
  • 61
    • 10844296612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in the prediction of early substance use
    • 61 King, S.M., Iacono, W.G., McGue, M., Childhood externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in the prediction of early substance use. Addiction 99:12 (2004), 1548–1559, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00893.x.
    • (2004) Addiction , vol.99 , Issue.12 , pp. 1548-1559
    • King, S.M.1    Iacono, W.G.2    McGue, M.3
  • 62
    • 0036878198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported school difficulties and tobacco use among fourth- to seventh-grade students
    • 62 Lee, D.J., Trapido, E., Rodriguez, R., Self-reported school difficulties and tobacco use among fourth- to seventh-grade students. J Sch Health 72:9 (2002), 368–373, 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2002.tb03561.x.
    • (2002) J Sch Health , vol.72 , Issue.9 , pp. 368-373
    • Lee, D.J.1    Trapido, E.2    Rodriguez, R.3
  • 63
    • 84873244081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamic role of parental influences in preventing adolescent smoking initiation
    • 63 Mahabee-Gittens, E.M., Xiao, Y., Gordon, J.S., Khoury, J.C., The dynamic role of parental influences in preventing adolescent smoking initiation. Addict Behav 38:4 (2013), 1905–1911, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.002.
    • (2013) Addict Behav , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 1905-1911
    • Mahabee-Gittens, E.M.1    Xiao, Y.2    Gordon, J.S.3    Khoury, J.C.4
  • 64
    • 84929168281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of cigarette smoking initiation in Jordanian schoolchildren: longitudinal analysis
    • 64 McKelvey, K., Attonito, J., Madhivanan, P., Yi, Q., Mzayek, F., Maziak, W., Determinants of cigarette smoking initiation in Jordanian schoolchildren: longitudinal analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 17:5 (2015), 552–558, 10.1093/ntr/ntu165.
    • (2015) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 552-558
    • McKelvey, K.1    Attonito, J.2    Madhivanan, P.3    Yi, Q.4    Mzayek, F.5    Maziak, W.6
  • 65
    • 2342429743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do primary school children smoke? A longitudinal analysis of predictors of smoking uptake during pre-adolescence
    • 65 Milton, B., Cook, P.A., Dugdill, L., Porcellato, L., Springett, J., Woods, S.E., Why do primary school children smoke? A longitudinal analysis of predictors of smoking uptake during pre-adolescence. Public Health 118:4 (2004), 247–255, 10.1016/j.puhe.2003.10.006.
    • (2004) Public Health , vol.118 , Issue.4 , pp. 247-255
    • Milton, B.1    Cook, P.A.2    Dugdill, L.3    Porcellato, L.4    Springett, J.5    Woods, S.E.6
  • 66
    • 70249102791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of first puff and daily cigarette smoking in adolescents
    • 66 O'Loughlin, J., Karp, I., Koulis, T., Paradis, G., DiFranza, J., Determinants of first puff and daily cigarette smoking in adolescents. Am J Epidemiol 170:5 (2009), 585–597, 10.1093/aje/kwp179.
    • (2009) Am J Epidemiol , vol.170 , Issue.5 , pp. 585-597
    • O'Loughlin, J.1    Karp, I.2    Koulis, T.3    Paradis, G.4    DiFranza, J.5
  • 67
    • 0032151951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-year predictors of smoking initiation and of continued smoking among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income, inner-city neighbourhoods
    • 67 O'Loughlin, J., Paradis, G., Renaud, L., Sanchez Gomez, L., One-year predictors of smoking initiation and of continued smoking among elementary schoolchildren in multiethnic, low-income, inner-city neighbourhoods. Tob Control 7:3 (1998), 268–275, 10.1136/tc.7.3.268.
    • (1998) Tob Control , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 268-275
    • O'Loughlin, J.1    Paradis, G.2    Renaud, L.3    Sanchez Gomez, L.4
  • 68
    • 0036019190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does tobacco marketing undermine the influence of recommended parenting in discouraging adolescents from smoking?
    • 68 Pierce, J.P., Distefan, J.M., Jackson, C., White, M.M., Gilpin, E.A., Does tobacco marketing undermine the influence of recommended parenting in discouraging adolescents from smoking?. Am J Prev Med 23:2 (2002), 73–81, 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00459-2.
    • (2002) Am J Prev Med , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-81
    • Pierce, J.P.1    Distefan, J.M.2    Jackson, C.3    White, M.M.4    Gilpin, E.A.5
  • 69
    • 22444449159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of curiosity in smoking initiation
    • 69 Pierce, J.P., Distefan, J.M., Kaplan, R.M., Gilpin, E.A., The role of curiosity in smoking initiation. Addict Behav 30:4 (2005), 685–696, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.08.014.
    • (2005) Addict Behav , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 685-696
    • Pierce, J.P.1    Distefan, J.M.2    Kaplan, R.M.3    Gilpin, E.A.4
  • 70
    • 0036354808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School and class environments are differently linked to future smoking among preadolescents
    • 70 Rosendahl, K.I., Galanti, M.R., Gilljam, H., Bremberg, S., Ahlbom, A., School and class environments are differently linked to future smoking among preadolescents. Prev Med 34:6 (2002), 649–654, 10.1006/pmed.2002.1033.
    • (2002) Prev Med , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 649-654
    • Rosendahl, K.I.1    Galanti, M.R.2    Gilljam, H.3    Bremberg, S.4    Ahlbom, A.5
  • 71
    • 3042716503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of parental R-rated movie restriction on adolescent smoking initiation: a prospective study
    • 71 Sargent, J.D., Beach, M.L., Dalton, M.A., et al. Effect of parental R-rated movie restriction on adolescent smoking initiation: a prospective study. Pediatrics 114:1 (2004), 149–156, 10.1542/peds.114.1.149.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-156
    • Sargent, J.D.1    Beach, M.L.2    Dalton, M.A.3
  • 72
    • 64149092334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the effects of entertainment media and tobacco marketing on youth smoking in Germany
    • 72 Sargent, J.D., Hanewinkel, R., Comparing the effects of entertainment media and tobacco marketing on youth smoking in Germany. Addiction 104:5 (2009), 815–823, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02542.x.
    • (2009) Addiction , vol.104 , Issue.5 , pp. 815-823
    • Sargent, J.D.1    Hanewinkel, R.2
  • 73
    • 73349083940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive susceptibility to smoking: two paths to experimenting among Mexican origin youth
    • 73 Spelman, A.R., Spitz, M.R., Kelder, S.H., et al. Cognitive susceptibility to smoking: two paths to experimenting among Mexican origin youth. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:12 (2009), 3459–3467, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0765.
    • (2009) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 3459-3467
    • Spelman, A.R.1    Spitz, M.R.2    Kelder, S.H.3
  • 74
    • 67649577507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movie character smoking and adolescent smoking: who matters more, good guys or bad guys?
    • 74 Tanski, S.E., Stoolmiller, M., Dal Cin, S., Worth, K., Gibson, J., Sargent, J.D., Movie character smoking and adolescent smoking: who matters more, good guys or bad guys?. Pediatrics 124:1 (2009), 135–143, 10.1542/peds.2007-3420.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.124 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-143
    • Tanski, S.E.1    Stoolmiller, M.2    Dal Cin, S.3    Worth, K.4    Gibson, J.5    Sargent, J.D.6
  • 76
    • 38049032834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of viewing smoking in movies and initiation of smoking by children
    • 76 Titus-Ernstoff, L., Dalton, M.A., Adachi-Mejia, A.M., Longacre, M.R., Beach, M.L., Longitudinal study of viewing smoking in movies and initiation of smoking by children. Pediatrics 121:1 (2008), 15–21, 10.1542/peds.2007-0051.
    • (2008) Pediatrics , vol.121 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-21
    • Titus-Ernstoff, L.1    Dalton, M.A.2    Adachi-Mejia, A.M.3    Longacre, M.R.4    Beach, M.L.5
  • 77
    • 2142821453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A family member's job loss as a risk factor for smoking among adolescents
    • 77 Unger, J.B., Hamilton, J.E., Sussman, S., A family member's job loss as a risk factor for smoking among adolescents. Health Psychol 23:3 (2004), 308–313, 10.1037/0278-6133.23.3.308.
    • (2004) Health Psychol , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 308-313
    • Unger, J.B.1    Hamilton, J.E.2    Sussman, S.3
  • 78
    • 0031229699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Close friend and group influence on adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use
    • 78 Urberg, K.A., Degirmencioglu, S.M., Pilgrim, C., Close friend and group influence on adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Dev Psychol 33:5 (1997), 834–844, 10.1037/0012-1649.33.5.834.
    • (1997) Dev Psychol , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 834-844
    • Urberg, K.A.1    Degirmencioglu, S.M.2    Pilgrim, C.3
  • 79
    • 35248831743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bidirectionality in the relationship between asthma and smoking in adolescents: a population-based cohort study
    • 79 Van De Ven, M.O., Engels, R.C., Kerstjens, H.A., Van den Eijnden, R.J., Bidirectionality in the relationship between asthma and smoking in adolescents: a population-based cohort study. J Adolesc Health 41:5 (2007), 444–454, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.05.015.
    • (2007) J Adolesc Health , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 444-454
    • Van De Ven, M.O.1    Engels, R.C.2    Kerstjens, H.A.3    Van den Eijnden, R.J.4
  • 80
    • 34547614264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal test of the theory of planned behavior predicting smoking onset among asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents
    • 80 Van De Ven, M.O., Engels, R.C., Otten, R., Van Den Eijnden, R.J., A longitudinal test of the theory of planned behavior predicting smoking onset among asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents. J Behav Med 30:5 (2007), 435–445, 10.1007/s10865-007-9119-2.
    • (2007) J Behav Med , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 435-445
    • Van De Ven, M.O.1    Engels, R.C.2    Otten, R.3    Van Den Eijnden, R.J.4
  • 81
    • 60749083583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma-specific predictors of smoking onset in adolescents with asthma: a longitudinal study
    • 81 Van De Ven, M.O., Engels, R.C., Sawyer, S.M., Asthma-specific predictors of smoking onset in adolescents with asthma: a longitudinal study. J Pediatr Psychol 34:2 (2009), 118–128, 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn063.
    • (2009) J Pediatr Psychol , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 118-128
    • Van De Ven, M.O.1    Engels, R.C.2    Sawyer, S.M.3
  • 82
    • 80052713189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, and smoking initiation among young children
    • 82 Wang, M.P., Ho, S.Y., Lam, T.H., Parental smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, and smoking initiation among young children. Nicotine Tob Res 13:9 (2011), 827–832, 10.1093/ntr/ntr083.
    • (2011) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.13 , Issue.9 , pp. 827-832
    • Wang, M.P.1    Ho, S.Y.2    Lam, T.H.3
  • 83
    • 79952696978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overestimation of peer smoking prevalence predicts smoking initiation among primary school students in Hong Kong
    • 83 Wang, M.P., Ho, S.Y., Lo, W.S., Lam, T.H., Overestimation of peer smoking prevalence predicts smoking initiation among primary school students in Hong Kong. J Adolesc Health 48:4 (2011), 418–420, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.017.
    • (2011) J Adolesc Health , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 418-420
    • Wang, M.P.1    Ho, S.Y.2    Lo, W.S.3    Lam, T.H.4
  • 84
    • 62549123664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of subjective social status on the relationship between positive outcome expectations and experimentation with cigarettes
    • 84 Wilkinson, A.V., Shete, S., Vasudevan, V., Prokhorov, A.V., Bondy, M.L., Spitz, M.R., Influence of subjective social status on the relationship between positive outcome expectations and experimentation with cigarettes. J Adolesc Health 44:4 (2009), 342–348, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.08.003.
    • (2009) J Adolesc Health , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 342-348
    • Wilkinson, A.V.1    Shete, S.2    Vasudevan, V.3    Prokhorov, A.V.4    Bondy, M.L.5    Spitz, M.R.6
  • 86
    • 7644229588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental prompts as risk factors for adolescent trial smoking: results of a prospective cohort study
    • 86 Woodruff, S.I., Laniado-Laborin, R., Candelaria, J.I., Villasenor, A., Sallis, J.F., Parental prompts as risk factors for adolescent trial smoking: results of a prospective cohort study. Addict Behav 29:9 (2004), 1869–1873, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.03.031.
    • (2004) Addict Behav , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 1869-1873
    • Woodruff, S.I.1    Laniado-Laborin, R.2    Candelaria, J.I.3    Villasenor, A.4    Sallis, J.F.5
  • 87
    • 0030854892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulating questions and locating primary studies for inclusion in systematic reviews
    • 87 Counsell, C., Formulating questions and locating primary studies for inclusion in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med 127:5 (1997), 380–387, 10.7326/0003-4819-127-5-199709010-00008.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med , vol.127 , Issue.5 , pp. 380-387
    • Counsell, C.1
  • 88
    • 84890736325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the review question and developing criteria for including studies
    • J.P.T. Higgins S. Green Wiley-Blackwell Chichester
    • 88 O'Connor, D., Green, S., Higgins, J.P.T., Defining the review question and developing criteria for including studies. Higgins, J.P.T., Green, S., (eds.) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, 2008, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, 83–94, 10.1002/9780470712184.ch5.
    • (2008) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions , pp. 83-94
    • O'Connor, D.1    Green, S.2    Higgins, J.P.T.3
  • 89
    • 84862180307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A knowledge synthesis chapter
    • Accessed August 20,.
    • 89 Grimshaw J. A knowledge synthesis chapter. www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/41382.html. Accessed August 20, 2015.
    • (2015)
    • Grimshaw, J.1
  • 90
    • 84893235639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General
    • U.S. DHHS, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of Smoking and Health Atlanta, GA
    • 90 U.S. DHHS. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. 2014, U.S. DHHS, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA.
    • (2014)
  • 91
    • 84892697767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco 21: an idea whose time has come
    • 91 Winickoff, J.P., Gottlieb, M., Mello, M.M., Tobacco 21: an idea whose time has come. N Engl J Med 370:4 (2014), 295–297, 10.1056/NEJMp1314626.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.370 , Issue.4 , pp. 295-297
    • Winickoff, J.P.1    Gottlieb, M.2    Mello, M.M.3
  • 92
    • 84930268498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public support for raising the age of sale for tobacco to 21 in the United States
    • Tob Control.;25(3):
    • 92 Winickoff JP, McMillen R, Tanski S, et al. Public support for raising the age of sale for tobacco to 21 in the United States. Tob Control. 2016;25(3):284–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052126.
    • (2016) , pp. 284-288
    • Winickoff, J.P.1    McMillen, R.2    Tanski, S.3
  • 93
    • 84907818068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retail impact of raising tobacco sales age to 21 years
    • 93 Winickoff, J.P., Hartman, L., Chen, M.L., et al. Retail impact of raising tobacco sales age to 21 years. Am J Public Health 104:11 (2014), e18–e21, 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302174.
    • (2014) Am J Public Health , vol.104 , Issue.11 , pp. e18-e21
    • Winickoff, J.P.1    Hartman, L.2    Chen, M.L.3
  • 94
    • 85014034097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public health implications of raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products
    • The National Academies Press Washington, DC Accessed August 13, 2015
    • 94 IOM. Public health implications of raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products. 2015, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=18997&page=R1 Accessed August 13, 2015.
    • (2015)
  • 95
    • 0642283106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in worldwide tobacco use by gender: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey
    • 95 Global Youth Tobacco Survey Collaborating Group. Differences in worldwide tobacco use by gender: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. J Sch Health 73:6 (2003), 207–215, 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2003.tb06562.x.
    • (2003) J Sch Health , vol.73 , Issue.6 , pp. 207-215
  • 96
    • 0004093524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing Data
    • Sage Thousand Oaks, CA
    • 96 Allison, P.D., Missing Data. 2002, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
    • (2002)
    • Allison, P.D.1
  • 97
    • 57649138547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing bias through directed acyclic graphs
    • 97 Shrier, I., Platt, R.W., Reducing bias through directed acyclic graphs. BMC Medl Res Methodol, 8, 2008, 70, 10.1186/1471-2288-8-70.
    • (2008) BMC Medl Res Methodol , vol.8 , pp. 70
    • Shrier, I.1    Platt, R.W.2
  • 98
    • 80051499209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DAGitty: a graphical tool for analyzing causal diagrams
    • 98 Textor, J., Hardt, J., Knüppel, S., DAGitty: a graphical tool for analyzing causal diagrams. Epidemiology, 5(22), 2011, 745, 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318225c2be.
    • (2011) Epidemiology , vol.5 , Issue.22 , pp. 745
    • Textor, J.1    Hardt, J.2    Knüppel, S.3
  • 99
    • 84993245118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DAGitty: a browser-based environment for creating causal models
    • 99 Textor J. DAGitty: a browser-based environment for creating causal models. www.dagitty.net.
    • Textor, J.1
  • 100
    • 84907865206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing risk of bias and confounding in observational studies of interventions or exposures: further development of the RTI Item Bank
    • Methods research report. (Prepared by RTI–UNC Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10056-I). AHRQ Publication No. 13-EHC106-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; August.
    • 100 Viswanathan M, Berkman ND, Dryden DM, Hartling L. Assessing risk of bias and confounding in observational studies of interventions or exposures: further development of the RTI Item Bank. Methods research report. (Prepared by RTI–UNC Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10056-I). AHRQ Publication No. 13-EHC106-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; August 2013. www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reports/final.cfm.
    • (2013)
    • Viswanathan, M.1    Berkman, N.D.2    Dryden, D.M.3    Hartling, L.4
  • 101
    • 84922666403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do systematic reviews incorporate risk of bias assessments into the synthesis of evidence? A methodological study
    • 101 Katikederiddi, S.V., Egan, M., Petticrew, M., How do systematic reviews incorporate risk of bias assessments into the synthesis of evidence? A methodological study. J Epidemiol Community Health 69:2 (2015), 189–195, 10.1136/jech-2014-204711.
    • (2015) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-195
    • Katikederiddi, S.V.1    Egan, M.2    Petticrew, M.3
  • 102
    • 34547851792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tools for assessing quality and susceptibility to bias in observational studies in epidemiology: a systematic review and annotated bibliography
    • 102 Sanderson, S., Tatt, I.T., Higgins, J.P.T., Tools for assessing quality and susceptibility to bias in observational studies in epidemiology: a systematic review and annotated bibliography. Int J Epidemiol 36:3 (2007), 666–676, 10.1093/ije/dym018.
    • (2007) Int J Epidemiol , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 666-676
    • Sanderson, S.1    Tatt, I.T.2    Higgins, J.P.T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.