Digital games for type 1 and type 2 diabetes: Underpinning theory with three illustrative examples

JMIR Serious Games

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Kamel Boulos, Maged N ^a   Gammon, Shauna ^b   Dixon, Mavis C ^b   MacRury, Sandra M ^a   Fergusson, Michael J ^b   Rodrigues, Francisco Miranda ^c   Baptista, Telmo Mourinho ^c   Yang, Stephen P ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS   (United Kingdom)

^b Ayogo Games   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA   (Portugal)

^d STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT OSWEGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Self care; Video games

Indexed keywords

EID: 84966379306     PISSN: None     EISSN: 22919279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/games.3930     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Eng J Med 1993; 329:977-986. [doi: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401]
2. Freeborn D, Loucks CA, Dyches T, Roper SO, Mandleco B. Addressing school challenges for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: The nurse practitioner's role. J Nurse Pract 2013 Jan; 9(1):11-16. [doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2012.11.005]
3. Mortensen HB, Robertson KJ, Aanstoot HJ, Danne T, Holl RW, Hougaard P, et al. Insulin management and metabolic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood and adolescence in 18 countries. Hvidøre Study Group on Childhood Diabetes. Diabet Med 1998 Sep; 15(9):752-759. [doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199809)15:9<752::AID-DIA678>3.0.CO; 2-W] [Medline: 9737804]
4. Amiel SA, Sherwin RS, Simonson DC, Luritano AA, Tamborlane W. Impaired insulin action in puberty: A contributing factor to poor glycaemic control in adolescents with diabetes. N Eng J Med 1986; 315:215-219. [Medline: 3523245]
5. Michaud PA, Suris JC, Viner R. The adolescent with a chronic condition. Part II: Healthcare provision. Arch Dis Child 2004 Oct; 89(10):943-949 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.045377] [Medline: 15383439]
6. Bryden KS, Neil A, Mayou RA, Peveler RC, Fairburn CG, Dunger DB. Eating habits, body weight, and insulin misuse. A longitudinal study of teenagers and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999 Dec; 22(12):1956-1960 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 10587825]
7. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. NICE Guidelines [CG15]. London, UK: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2004 Jul. Type 1 diabetes: Diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes in children, young people and adultsURL: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg15 [accessed 2015-03-10] [WebCite Cache ID 6Wvi8sD19]
8. Cameron FJ, Amin R, de Beaufort C, Codner E, Acerini CL. Diabetes in adolescence. Pediatr Diabetes 2014 Sep; 15 Suppl 20:245-256. [doi: 10.1111/pedi.12169] [Medline: 25039664]
9. Skinner TC, Channon S, Howells L, Mcevilly A. Diabetes during adolescence. In: Snoek FJ, Skinner TC, editors. Psychology in Diabetes Care. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2000
10. Robling M, McNamara R, Bennert K, Butler CC, Channon S, Cohen D, et al. The effect of the Talking Diabetes consulting skills intervention on glycaemic control and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes: Cluster randomised controlled trial (DEPICTED study). BMJ 2012 Apr 26; 344(apr26 2):e2359-e2359. [doi: 10.1136/bmj.e2359] [Medline: 22539173]
11. Cafazzo JA, Casselman M, Hamming N, Katzman DK, Palmert MR. Design of an mHealth app for the self-management of adolescent type 1 diabetes: A pilot study. J Med Internet Res 2012 May; 14(3):e70 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2058] [Medline: 22564332]
12. Sutcliffe P, Martin S, Sturt J, Powell J, Griffiths F, Adams A, et al. Systematic review of communication technologies to promote access and engagement of young people with diabetes into healthcare. BMC Endocr Disord 2011; 11:1 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-11-1] [Medline: 21210964]
13. Tuomilehto J, Schwarz P, Lindström J. Long-term benefits from lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention: Time to expand the efforts. Diabetes Care 2011 May; 34 Suppl 2:S210-S214 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2337/dc11-s222] [Medline: 21525457]
14. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998 Sep 12; 352(9131):837-853. [Medline: 9742976]
15. Morris AD. Considerations in assessing effectiveness and costs of diabetes care: Lessons from DARTS. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2002; 18 Suppl 3:S32-S35. [doi: 10.1002/dmrr.295] [Medline: 12324983]
16. de Silva D. Evidence: Helping People Help Themselves. London, UK: The Health Foundation; 2011.
17. Holtz B, Lauckner C. Diabetes management via mobile phones: A systematic review. Telemed J E Health 2012 Apr; 18(3):175-184. [doi: 10.1089/tmj.2011.0119] [Medline: 22356525]
18. Martínez-Pérez B, de la Torre-Díez I, López-Coronado M. Mobile health applications for the most prevalent conditions by the World Health Organization: Review and analysis. J Med Internet Res 2013; 15(6):e120 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2600] [Medline: 23770578]
19. McCurdie T, Taneva S, Casselman M, Yeung M, McDaniel C, Ho W, et al. mHealth consumer apps: The case for user-centered design. Biomed Instrum Technol 2012; Suppl:49-56. [doi: 10.2345/0899-8205-46.s2.49] [Medline: 23039777]
20. Miller AS, Cafazzo JA, Seto E. A game plan: Gamification design principles in mHealth applications for chronic disease management. Health Informatics J 2014 Jul 1. [doi: 10.1177/1460458214537511] [Medline: 24986104]
21. Von Bargen T, Zientz C, Haux R. Gamification for mHealth - A review of playful mobile healthcare. Stud Health Technol Inform 2014; 202:225-228. [Medline: 25000057]
22. Hertel NT, Vedel K, Rohde L, Olesen JB. Serious disease - serious game. Stud Health Technol Inform 2013; 192:1166. [Medline: 23920940]
23. Kamel Boulos MN. Xbox 360 Kinect exergames for health. Games Health J 2012 Oct; 1(5):326-330. [doi: 10.1089/g4h.2012.0041]
24. Boulos MN, Yang SP. Exergames for health and fitness: The roles of GPS and geosocial apps. Int J Health Geogr 2013; 12:18 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-12-18] [Medline: 23561306]
25. Diehl LA, Souza RM, Alves JB, Gordan PA, Esteves RZ, Jorge ML, et al. InsuOnline, a serious game to teach insulin therapy to primary care physicians: Design of the game and a randomized controlled trial for educational validation. JMIR Res Protoc 2013 Jan; 2(1):e5 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/resprot.2431] [Medline: 23612462]
26. The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. jdrft1.org.uk. London, UK: The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Type 1 diabetes gamesURL: http://www.jdrft1.org.uk/page.asp?section=196 & sectionTitle=Games [accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAwGBl9U]
27. Complications Combat.: Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company URL: http://www.complicationscombat.com/[accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAwKwncQ]
28. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG. iTunes. 2013 Apr 30. Complications Combat: How long can you manage type 2 diabetes and its complicationsURL: https://itunes.apple.com/hk/app/complication-combat-howlong/id640173022?mt=8 [accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAwPNj28]
29. Ayogo Health Inc. Google play. 2013 Oct 24. Monster ManorURL: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com. ayogohealth.monstermanor [accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAwVrymB]
30. Ayogo Health. iTunes. 2013 Sep 09. Monster ManorURL: https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/monstermanor/id719080981?mt=8 [accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAwaLiij]
31. ContourNext. Whippany, NJ: Bayer Diabetes Care DIDGET blood glucose meter: Rewards kids for testingURL: http://www. bayercontour.com/Blood-Glucose-Monitoring/Didget.aspx [accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAweFiqp]
32. Taylor NP. FierceBiotechIT. 2013 Dec 15. Merck turns to gamification to help type 2 diabeticsURL: http://www. fiercebiotechit.com/story/merck-turns-gamification-help-type-2-diabetics/2013-12-15 [accessed 2015-03-10] [WebCite Cache ID 6Wvl6EF7g]
33. Fitbit. URL: http://www.fitbit.com/[accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAwp2VQp]
34. HealthSeeker for iPhone, Android and Facebook. URL: http://healthseekergame.org/mobile.html [accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAwugJYb]
35. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. The transtheoretical approach. In: Norcross JC, Goldfried MR, editors. Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration. 2nd edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2005:147-171.
36. Campbell A, Hernandez M. Health games: Engaging people in positive lifestyle and nutrition behaviors through social media (unpublished version). Later adapted and published by: Practical Diabetology 2012; 31(1):30-32.
37. Klauser M, Nacke LE, Prescod P. Social player analytics in a Facebook health game. In: Proceedings of the CHI 2013 Workshop on Designing and Evaluating Sociability in Online Video Games. 2013 Presented at: The CHI 2013 Workshop on Designing and Evaluating Sociability in Online Video Games; April 27- May 2, 2013; Paris, France p. 39-44.
38. Hamari J, Koivisto J, Sarsa H. Does gamification work? A literature review of empirical studies on gamification. In: Proceedings of the 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 2014 Presented at: 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences; January 6-9, 2014; Big Island, HI.
39. King D, Greaves F, Exeter C, Darzi A. 'Gamification': Influencing health behaviours with games. J R Soc Med 2013 Mar; 106(3):76-78. [doi: 10.1177/0141076813480996] [Medline: 23481424]
40. Cugelman B. Gamification: what it is and why it matters to digital health behavior change developers. JMIR Serious Games 2013; 1(1):e3 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/games.3139] [Medline: 25658754]
41. Krichbaum K, Aarestad V, Buethe M. Exploring the connection between self-efficacy and effective diabetes self-management. Diabetes Educ 2003; 29(4):653-662. [Medline: 13677176]
42. Bandura A. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York, NY: Freeman; 1997.
43. Ariely D. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions. New York, NY: HarperCollins; 2008.
44. Kahneman D. Thinking, Fast and Slow. London, UK: Macmillan; 2011.
45. Kaplan BA, Reed DD. Decision processes in choice overload: A product of delay and probability discounting? Behav Processes 2013 Jul; 97:21-24. [doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.04.001] [Medline: 23578770]
46. Charlton SR, Yi R, Porter C, Carter AE, Bickel W, Rachlin H. Now for me, later for us? Effects of group context on temporal discounting. J Behav Decis Mak 2013 Apr 1; 26(2):118-127 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1002/bdm.766] [Medline: 23641123]
47. Stanford Persuasive Technology Lab. What is captology?URL: http://captology.stanford.edu/about/what-is-captology.html [accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAwxtPi4]
48. Chan AS. Health captology-application of persuasive technologies to health care. Stud Health Technol Inform 2004; 106:83-91. [Medline: 15853239]
49. Zak PJ. The physiology of moral sentiments. J Econ Behav Organ 2011; 77(1):53-65.
50. Zak PJ. The Moral Molecule: The New Science of What Makes Us Good or Evil. New York, NY: Random House; 2013.
51. Chou YK. TEDxLausanne. Lausanne, Switzerland: TEDxLausanne; 2014. Gamification to improve our worldURL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5Qjuegtiyc [accessed 2015-01-20] [WebCite Cache ID 6ViokLlWj]
52. Zeidner M, Boekaerts M, Pintrich PR. Self-regulation: Directions and challenges for future research. In: Boekaerts M, Pintrich PR, Zeidner M, editors. Handbook of Self-Regulation: Theory, Research and Applications. USA: Academic Press; 2000:749-768.
53. Breland JY, McAndrew LM, Burns E, Leventhal EA, Leventhal H. Using the Common Sense Model of Self-regulation to review the effects of self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycemic control for non-insulin-treated adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ 2013 Jun; 39(4):541-559. [doi: 10.1177/0145721713490079] [Medline: 23749773]
54. Kamel Boulos MN. Social media and mobile health (Chapter 13, under Part B: Taking action to create and strengthen health literacy-friendly settings). In: Kickbusch I, Pelikan J, Apfel F, Tsouros A, editors. Health Literacy: The Solid Facts. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2013:63-67.
55. Gartner. Stamford, CT: Gartner; 2011 Nov 09. Gartner predicts over 70 percent of global 2000 organisations will have at least one gamified application by 2014URL: http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/1844115 [accessed 2014-10-08] [WebCite Cache ID 6TAx1xhU4]
56. Kempf K, Martin S. Autonomous exercise game use improves metabolic control and quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients - a randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2013; 13:57 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-13-57] [Medline: 24321337]
57. Graafland M, Dankbaar M, Mert A, Lagro J, De Wit-Zuurendonk L, Schuit S, et al. How to systematically assess serious games applied to health care. JMIR Serious Games 2014 Nov; 2(2):e11 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/games.3825] [Medline: 25654163]