Levels of Selected Groups of Compounds inRefill Solutions for Electronic Cigarettes

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 708-714

  Han, Shulei ^a   Chen, Huan ^a   Zhang, Xiaotao ^a   Liu, Tong ^a   Fu, Ya'ning ^a  

^a ZHENGZHOU TOBACCO RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CNTC   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 BUTANONE; ACETALDEHYDE; ACETONE; ACROLEIN; ALCOHOL; ALKALOID; BENZENE; CARBONYL DERIVATIVE; CATECHOL; CHEMICAL COMPOUND; CRESOL; CROTONALDEHYDE; FORMALDEHYDE; GLYCEROL; HYDROQUINONE; METHANOL; MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOL; NICOTINE; NITROSAMINE; PHENOL; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL; PROPYLENE GLYCOL; SOLANESOL; TOBACCO ALKALOID; TOBACCO SPECIFIC NITROSAMINE; TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; ORGANIC COMPOUND;

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH DIODE ARRAY DETECTOR; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR; LIMIT OF DETECTION; LIMIT OF QUANTITATION; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; PACKAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFILL SOLUTION; SOLUTION AND SOLUBILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; VALIDATION PROCESS;

ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES; NICOTINE; ORGANIC CHEMICALS;

EID: 84964987471     PISSN: 14622203     EISSN: 1469994X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv189     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Trtchounian A., Williams M, Talbot P. Conventional and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have different smoking characteristics. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(9):905-912. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntq114.
2. Zhu S-H, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, et al. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tob Control. 2014;23(suppl 3):iii3-iii9. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051670.
3. Ramo DE, Young-Wolff KC, Prochaska JJ. Prevalence and correlates of electronic-cigarette use in young adults: Findings from three studies over five years. Addict Behav. 2015;41(0):142-147. doi:10.1016/j. addbeh.2014.10.019.
4. Bullen C, Howe C, Laugesen M, et al. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2013;382(9905):1629- 1637. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61842-5.
5. Vansickel AR, Eissenberg T. Electronic cigarettes: effective nicotine delivery after acute administration. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15(1):267-270. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr316.
6. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23(2):133-139. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859.
7. Cheng T. Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23(suppl 2):ii11-ii17.
8. Callahan-Lyon P. Electronic cigarettes: human health effects. Tob Control. 2014;23(suppl 2):ii36-ii40. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482.
9. Electronic nicotine delivery systems. Moscow, Russian Federation: Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. 2014. http://apps.who.int/gb/fctc/PDF/cop6/FCTC_ COP6_10Rev1-en.pdf. Accessed September 09, 2015.
10. Electronic nicotine delivery systems, including electronic cigarettes. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. 2012. http://apps.who.int/gb/fctc/PDF/ cop5/FCTC_COP5_13-en.pdf. Accessed September 09, 2015.
11. Taleb ZB, Maziak W. Harm reduction and e-cigarettes: not evidence-based. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(3):e104. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70038-5.
12. The Lancet Oncology. Time for e-cigarette regulation. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(11):1027. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70468-6.
13. Geiss O, Bianchi I, Barahona F, Barrero-Moreno J. Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015;218(1):169-180. doi:10.1016/j. ijheh.2014.10.001.
14. The LRM. E-cigarettes-too fast, too young? Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(1):1. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70291-1.
15. Ribera OJ, Córdoba GR, Gascó GP. Electronic cigarette: Utopia safe cigarette. Atencion primaria/Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria. 2014;46(2):53. doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2013.12.002.
16. Schroeder MJ, Hoffman AC. Electronic cigarettes and nicotine clinical pharmacology. Tob Control. 2014;23(suppl 2):ii30-ii35. doi:10.1136/ tobaccocontrol-2013-051469.
17. Orr MS. Electronic cigarettes in the USA: a summary of available toxicology data and suggestions for the future. Tob Control. 2014;23(suppl 2):ii18-ii22. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051474.
18. Yang L, Rudy SF, Cheng JM, Durmowicz EL. Electronic cigarettes: incorporating human factors engineering into risk assessments. Tob Control. 2014;23(suppl 2):ii47-ii53. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051479.
19. Farsalinos KE, Polosa R. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014;5(2):67-86. doi:10.1136/ tobaccocontrol-2013-051479.
20. LPD Laboratory Services. Analysis of Chemical Components from High, Med & Low Nicotine Cartridges. 2008. http://truthaboutecigs.com/science/ 12.pdf. Accessed September 09, 2015.
21. Etter JF, Zäther E, Svensson S. Analysis of refill liquids for electronic cigarettes. Addiction. 2013;108(9):1671-1679. doi:10.1111/add.12235.
22. Hutzler C, Paschke M, Kruschinski S, Henkler F, Hahn J, Luch A. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch Toxicol. 2014;88(7):1295-1308. doi:10.1007/s00204-014- 1294-7.
23. Kim H-J, Shin H-S. Determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in replacement liquids of electronic cigarettes by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2013;1291(0):48-55. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.035.
24. Lim H-H, Shin H-S. Measurement of aldehydes in replacement liquids of electronic cigarettes by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Bull Korean Chem Soc. 2013;34(9):2691-2696. doi:10.5012/ bkcs.2013.34.9.2691.
25. Coulson H. Analysis of Components From Gamucci Electronic Cigarette Cartridges, Tobacco Flavor Regular Smoking Liquid. Lancashire, United Kingdom: LPD Laboratory Services; 2009. http://truthaboutecigs.com/science/ 7.pdf. Accessed September 09, 2015.
26. Kiklas T. Characterization of regal cartridges for electronic cigarettes. 2009. http://truthaboutecigs.com/science/8.pdf. Accessed September 09, 2015.
27. Hyland A. Mentholated cigarettes and smoking cessation: findings from COMMIT. Tob Control. 2002;11(2):135-139. doi:10.1136/tc.11.2.135.
28. Clark PI, Gautam S, Gerson LW. Effect of menthol cigarettes on biochemical markers of smoke exposure among black and white smokers. Chest. 1996;110(5):1194-1198. doi:10.1378/chest.110.5.1194.
29. DIRECTIVE 2014/40/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 3 April 2014 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products and repealing Directive 2001/37/EC. 2014. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014L0040&qid=1441781214493&from=EN. Accessed September 09, 2015.
30. Davis B, Dang M, Kim J, Talbot P. Nicotine concentrations in electronic cigarette refill and do-it-yourself fluids. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(2): 134-141. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu080.
31. Trehy ML, Ye W, Hadwiger ME, et al. Analysis of electronic cigarette cartridges, refill solutions, and smoke for nicotine and nicotine related impurities. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol. 2011;34(14):1442-1458. doi:10.1 080/10826076.2011.572213.
32. Cameron JM, Howell DN, White JR, Andrenyak DM, Layton ME, Roll JM. Variable and potentially fatal amounts of nicotine in e-cigarette nicotine solutions. Tob Control. 2014;23(1):77-78. doi:10.1136/ tobaccocontrol-2012-050604.
33. Lisko JG, Tran H, Stanfill SB, Blount BC, Watson CH. Chemical composition and evaluation of nicotine, tobacco alkaloids, pH, and selected flavors in e-cigarette cartridges and refill solutions [published online ahead of print January 30, 2015]. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu279.
34. Lisko JG, Stanfill SB, Duncan BW, Watson CH. Application of GC-MS/MS for the analysis of tobacco alkaloids in cigarette filler and various tobacco species. Anal Chem. 2013;85(6):3380-3384. doi:10.1021/ac400077e.
35. Hecht SS, Hoffmann D. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, an important group of carcinogens in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Carcinogenesis. 1988;9(6):875-884. doi:10.1093/carcin/9.6.875.
36. Liu Y, Yong G, Xu Y, Zhu D, Tong H, Liu S. Simultaneous determination of free and esterified fatty alcohols, phytosterols and solanesol in tobacco leaves by GC. Chromatographia. 2010;71(7):727-732. doi:10.1365/ s10337-010-1507-z.
37. Taylor MA, Fraser PD. Solanesol: added value from Solanaceous waste. Phytochemistry. 2011;72(11-12):1323-1327. doi:10.1016/j. phytochem.2011.03.015.
38. Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs. 2014. http://monographs. iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php. Accessed September 09, 2015.
39. Laugesen M. Safety Report on the Ruyan® e-cigarette Cartridge and Inhaled Aerosol. 2008. www.healthnz.co.nz/RuyanCartridgeReport30- Oct-08.pdf. Accessed September 09, 2015.
40. Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety. Acetone. 2013. http://ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/acetone.html#_1_2. Accessed September 09, 2015.
41. Pellegrino RM, Tinghino B, Mangiaracina G, et al. Electronic cigarettes: an evaluation of exposure to chemicals and fine particulate matter (PM). Annali di igiene: medicina preventiva e di comunita. 2012;24(4):279-288. www.researchgate.net/publication/230721126_Electronic_cigarettes_ an_evaluation_of_exposure_to_chemicals_and_fine_particulate_matter_ (PM). Accessed September 09, 2015.