Automatic detection of cone photoreceptors in split detector adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images

Biomedical Optics Express

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2016, Pages 2036-2050

  Cunefare, David ^a   Cooper, Robert F ^b   Higgins, Brian ^c   Katz, David F ^a   Dubra, Alfredo ^b,c   Carroll, Joseph ^b,c   Farsiu, Sina ^a,d  

^a Duke University   (United States)

^b Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University   (United States)

^c MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^d DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Active or adaptive optics; Image processing; Ophthalmology

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE FILTERS; DIAGNOSIS; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; LIGHT; OPHTHALMOLOGY; OPTICAL DATA PROCESSING; OPTICAL DEVICES; STATISTICS; VISION;

AUTOMATIC ADAPTIVE; AUTOMATIC DETECTION; CONE PHOTORECEPTORS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FULLY AUTOMATED; OCULAR DISEASE; SEGMENTATION ALGORITHMS; STANDARD DEVIATION;

ADAPTIVE OPTICS;

ADAPTIVE FILTERING AND LOCAL DETECTION; ADAPTIVE OPTICS SCANNING LIGHT OPHTHALMOSCOPE; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; HUMAN; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RETINA CONE; RETINA FOVEA; RETINA ROD; SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE;

EID: 84964799649     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21567085     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.7.002036     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. A. Roorda and D. R. Williams, "The arrangement of the three cone classes in the living human eye," Nature 397(6719), 520-522 (1999).
2. A. Roorda, F. Romero-Borja, W. Donnelly Iii, H. Queener, T. Hebert, and M. Campbell, "Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy," Opt. Express 10(9), 405-412 (2002).
3. R. J. Zawadzki, S. M. Jones, S. S. Olivier, M. Zhao, B. A. Bower, J. A. Izatt, S. Choi, S. Laut, and J. S. Werner, "Adaptive-optics optical coherence tomography for high-resolution and high-speed 3D retinal in vivo imaging," Opt. Express 13(21), 8532-8546 (2005).
4. D. Merino, C. Dainty, A. Bradu, and A. G. Podoleanu, "Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy," Opt. Express 14(8), 3345-3353 (2006).
5. C. Torti, B. Považay, B. Hofer, A. Unterhuber, J. Carroll, P. K. Ahnelt, and W. Drexler, "Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography at 120,000 depth scans/s for non-invasive cellular phenotyping of the living human retina," Opt. Express 17(22), 19382-19400 (2009).
6. R. D. Ferguson, Z. Zhong, D. X. Hammer, M. Mujat, A. H. Patel, C. Deng, W. Zou, and S. A. Burns, "Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with integrated wide-field retinal imaging and tracking," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 27(11), A265-A277 (2010).
7. A. Dubra and Y. Sulai, "Reflective afocal broadband adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscope," Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1757-1768 (2011).
8. R. S. Jonnal, O. P. Kocaoglu, Q. Wang, S. Lee, and D. T. Miller, "Phase-sensitive imaging of the outer retina using optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics," Biomed. Opt. Express 3(1), 104-124 (2012).
9. A. Roorda and D. R. Williams, "Optical fiber properties of individual human cones," J. Vis. 2(5), 404-412 (2002).
10. Y. Kitaguchi, K. Bessho, T. Yamaguchi, N. Nakazawa, T. Mihashi, and T. Fujikado, "In vivo measurements of cone photoreceptor spacing in myopic eyes from images obtained by an adaptive optics fundus camera," Jpn. J. Ophthalmol. 51(6), 456-461 (2007).
11. T. Y. Chui, H. Song, and S. A. Burns, "Adaptive-optics imaging of human cone photoreceptor distribution," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25(12), 3021-3029 (2008).
12. A. Dubra, Y. Sulai, J. L. Norris, R. F. Cooper, A. M. Dubis, D. R. Williams, and J. Carroll, "Noninvasive imaging of the human rod photoreceptor mosaic using a confocal adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscope," Biomed. Opt. Express 2(7), 1864-1876 (2011).
13. M. Pircher, J. S. Kroisamer, F. Felberer, H. Sattmann, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, "Temporal changes of human cone photoreceptors observed in vivo with SLO/OCT," Biomed. Opt. Express 2(1), 100-112 (2011).
14. O. P. Kocaoglu, S. Lee, R. S. Jonnal, Q. Wang, A. E. Herde, J. C. Derby, W. Gao, and D. T. Miller, "Imaging cone photoreceptors in three dimensions and in time using ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics," Biomed. Opt. Express 2(4), 748-763 (2011).
15. M. Lombardo, S. Serrao, and G. Lombardo, "Technical factors influencing cone packing density estimates in adaptive optics flood illuminated retinal images," PLoS One 9(9), e107402 (2014).
16. S. S. Choi, N. Doble, J. L. Hardy, S. M. Jones, J. L. Keltner, S. S. Olivier, and J. S. Werner, "In vivo imaging of the photoreceptor mosaic in retinal dystrophies and correlations with visual function," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47(5), 2080-2092 (2006).
17. J. L. Duncan, Y. Zhang, J. Gandhi, C. Nakanishi, M. Othman, K. E. H. Branham, A. Swaroop, and A. Roorda, "High-resolution imaging with adaptive optics in patients with inherited retinal degeneration," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48(7), 3283-3291 (2007).
18. S. S. Choi, R. J. Zawadzki, M. A. Greiner, J. S. Werner, and J. L. Keltner, "Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics reveal nerve fiber layer loss and photoreceptor changes in a patient with optic nerve drusen," J. Neuroophthalmol. 28(2), 120-125 (2008).
19. S. Ooto, M. Hangai, A. Sakamoto, A. Tsujikawa, K. Yamashiro, Y. Ojima, Y. Yamada, H. Mukai, S. Oshima, T. Inoue, and N. Yoshimura, "High-resolution imaging of resolved central serous chorioretinopathy using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy," Ophthalmology 117(9), 1800-1809 (2010).
20. D. Merino, J. L. Duncan, P. Tiruveedhula, and A. Roorda, "Observation of cone and rod photoreceptors in normal subjects and patients using a new generation adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope," Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2189-2201 (2011).
21. Y. Kitaguchi, S. Kusaka, T. Yamaguchi, T. Mihashi, and T. Fujikado, "Detection of photoreceptor disruption by adaptive optics fundus imaging and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes with occult macular dystrophy," Clin. Ophthalmol. 5, 345-351 (2011).
22. K. E. Stepien, W. M. Martinez, A. M. Dubis, R. F. Cooper, A. Dubra, and J. Carroll, "Subclinical photoreceptor disruption in response to severe head trauma," Arch. Ophthalmol. 130(3), 400-402 (2012).
23. A. Roorda and J. L. Duncan, "Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy," Annu Rev Vis Sci 1(1), 19-50 (2015).
24. T. Y. P. Chui, D. A. Vannasdale, and S. A. Burns, "The use of forward scatter to improve retinal vascular imaging with an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope," Biomed. Opt. Express 3(10), 2537-2549 (2012).
25. D. Scoles, Y. N. Sulai, C. S. Langlo, G. A. Fishman, C. A. Curcio, J. Carroll, and A. Dubra, "In vivo imaging of human cone photoreceptor inner segments," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 55(7), 4244-4251 (2014).
26. M. A. Abozaid, C. S. Langlo, A. M. Dubis, M. Michaelides, S. Tarima, and J. Carroll, "Reliability and repeatability of cone density measurements in patients with congenital achromatopsia," Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 854, 277-283 (2016).
27. K. Y. Li and A. Roorda, "Automated identification of cone photoreceptors in adaptive optics retinal images," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(5), 1358-1363 (2007).
28. B. Xue, S. S. Choi, N. Doble, and J. S. Werner, "Photoreceptor counting and montaging of en-face retinal images from an adaptive optics fundus camera," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(5), 1364-1372 (2007).
29. D. H. Wojtas, B. Wu, P. K. Ahnelt, P. J. Bones, and R. P. Millane, "Automated analysis of differential interference contrast microscopy images of the foveal cone mosaic," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25(5), 1181-1189 (2008).
30. A. Turpin, P. Morrow, B. Scotney, R. Anderson, and C. Wolsley, "Automated identification of photoreceptor cones using multi-scale modelling and normalized cross-correlation," in Image Analysis and Processing-ICIAP 2011, G. Maino and G. Foresti, eds. (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011), pp. 494-503.
31. K. Loquin, I. Bloch, K. Nakashima, F. Rossant, P.-Y. Boelle, and M. Paques, "Automatic photoreceptor detection in in-vivo adaptive optics retinal images: statistical validation," in Image Analysis and Recognition, A. Campilho and M. Kamel, eds. (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012), pp. 408-415.
32. X. Liu, Y. Zhang, and D. Yun, "An automated algorithm for photoreceptors counting in adaptive optics retinal images," Proc. SPIE 8419, 84191Z (2012).
33. R. Garrioch, C. Langlo, A. M. Dubis, R. F. Cooper, A. Dubra, and J. Carroll, "Repeatability of in vivo parafoveal cone density and spacing measurements," Optom. Vis. Sci. 89(5), 632-643 (2012).
34. F. Mohammad, R. Ansari, J. Wanek, and M. Shahidi, "Frequency-based local content adaptive filtering algorithm for automated photoreceptor cell density quantification," in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (IEEE, 2012), pp. 2325-2328.
35. S. J. Chiu, Y. Lokhnygina, A. M. Dubis, A. Dubra, J. Carroll, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, "Automatic cone photoreceptor segmentation using graph theory and dynamic programming," Biomed. Opt. Express 4(6), 924-937 (2013).
36. L. Mariotti and N. Devaney, "Performance analysis of cone detection algorithms," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 32(4), 497-506 (2015).
37. D. M. Bukowska, A. L. Chew, E. Huynh, I. Kashani, S. L. Wan, P. M. Wan, and F. K. Chen, "Semi-automated identification of cones in the human retina using circle Hough transform," Biomed. Opt. Express 6(12), 4676-4693 (2015).
38. J. I. Yellott, Jr., "Spectral analysis of spatial sampling by photoreceptors: Topological disorder prevents aliasing," Vision Res. 22(9), 1205-1210 (1982).
39. J. I. Yellott, Jr., "Spectral consequences of photoreceptor sampling in the rhesus retina," Science 221(4608), 382-385 (1983).
40. N. J. Coletta and D. R. Williams, "Psychophysical estimate of extrafoveal cone spacing," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4(8), 1503-1513 (1987).
41. A. G. Bennett, A. R. Rudnicka, and D. F. Edgar, "Improvements on Littmann's method of determining the size of retinal features by fundus photography," Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 232(6), 361-367 (1994).
42. R. F. Cooper, C. S. Langlo, A. Dubra, and J. Carroll, "Automatic detection of modal spacing (Yellott's ring) in adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images," Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 33(4), 540-549 (2013).
43. C. A. Curcio, K. R. Sloan, R. E. Kalina, and A. E. Hendrickson, "Human photoreceptor topography," J. Comp. Neurol. 292(4), 497-523 (1990).
44. C. B. Barber, D. P. Dobkin, and H. Huhdanpaa, "The quickhull algorithm for convex hulls," ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 22(4), 469-483 (1996).
45. L. R. Dice, "Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species," Ecology 26(3), 297-302 (1945).
46. T. Sørensen, "A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species and its application to analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons," Biol. Skr. 5, 1-34 (1948).
47. J. M. Bland and D. G. Altman, "Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement," Lancet 327(8476), 307-310 (1986).
48. S. J. Chiu, M. J. Allingham, P. S. Mettu, S. W. Cousins, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, "Kernel regression based segmentation of optical coherence tomography images with diabetic macular edema," Biomed. Opt. Express 6(4), 1172-1194 (2015).
49. S. J. Chiu, X. T. Li, P. Nicholas, C. A. Toth, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, "Automatic segmentation of seven retinal layers in SDOCT images congruent with expert manual segmentation," Opt. Express 18(18), 19413-19428 (2010).
50. S. J. Chiu, J. A. Izatt, R. V. O'Connell, K. P. Winter, C. A. Toth, and S. Farsiu, "Validated automatic segmentation of AMD pathology including drusen and geographic atrophy in SD-OCT images," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 53(1), 53-61 (2012).