Automatic cone photoreceptor segmentation using graph theory and dynamic programming

Biomedical Optics Express

Volumn 4, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 924-937

  Chiu, Stephanie J ^a   Lokhnygina, Yuliya ^b   Dubis, Adam M ^c   Dubra, Alfredo ^d   Carroll, Joseph ^d   Izatt, Joseph A ^a,c   Farsiu, Sina ^a,c  

^a Duke University   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING; GRAPH THEORY; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; OPTICAL DEVICES;

AUTOMATIC ALGORITHMS; CLOSED CONTOURS; CONE PHOTORECEPTORS; DETECTION RATES; GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS; LARGE DATASETS; OCULAR PATHOLOGY; STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNIQUES;

VISION;

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; GEOMETRY; GOLD STANDARD; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INTRAOCULAR LENS DELIVERY SYSTEM; OPHTHALMOSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; PHOTORECEPTOR INNER SEGMENT; REPRODUCIBILITY; RETINA CONE; THEORY VALIDATION; VALIDITY;

EID: 84878517415     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21567085     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.4.000924     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. J. Liang, D. R. Williams, and D. T. Miller, "Supernormal vision and high-resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(11), 2884-2892 (1997).
2. A. Roorda, F. Romero-Borja, W. Donnelly III, H. Queener, T. Hebert, and M. Campbell, "Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, " Opt. Express 10(9), 405-412 (2002).
3. Y. Zhang, J. Rha, R. Jonnal, and D. Miller, "Adaptive optics parallel spectral domain optical coherence tomography for imaging the living retina, " Opt. Express 13(12), 4792-4811 (2005).
4. R. J. Zawadzki, S. M. Jones, S. S. Olivier, M. Zhao, B. A. Bower, J. A. Izatt, S. Choi, S. Laut, and J. S. Werner, "Adaptive-optics optical coherence tomography for high-resolution and high-speed 3D retinal in vivo imaging, " Opt. Express 13(21), 8532-8546 (2005).
5. D. Merino, C. Dainty, A. Bradu, and A. G. Podoleanu, "Adaptive optics enhanced simultaneous en-face optical coherence tomography and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, " Opt. Express 14(8), 3345-3353 (2006).
6. Y. Zhang, B. Cense, J. Rha, R. S. Jonnal, W. Gao, R. J. Zawadzki, J. S. Werner, S. Jones, S. Olivier, and D. T. Miller, "High-speed volumetric imaging of cone photoreceptors with adaptive optics spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, " Opt. Express 14(10), 4380-4394 (2006).
7. S. A. Burns, R. Tumbar, A. E. Elsner, D. Ferguson, and D. X. Hammer, "Large-field-of-view, modular, stabilized, adaptive-optics-based scanning laser ophthalmoscope, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(5), 1313-1326 (2007).
8. M. Pircher, R. J. Zawadzki, J. W. Evans, J. S. Werner, and C. K. Hitzenberger, "Simultaneous imaging of human cone mosaic with adaptive optics enhanced scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and high-speed transversal scanning optical coherence tomography, " Opt. Lett. 33(1), 22-24 (2008).
9. C. Torti, B. Povazay, B. Hofer, A. Unterhuber, J. Carroll, P. K. Ahnelt, and W. Drexler, "Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography at 120,000 depth scans/s for non-invasive cellular phenotyping of the living human retina, " Opt. Express 17(22), 19382-19400 (2009).
10. M. Mujat, R. D. Ferguson, N. Iftimia, and D. X. Hammer, "Compact adaptive optics line scanning ophthalmoscope, " Opt. Express 17(12), 10242-10258 (2009).
11. R. D. Ferguson, Z. Zhong, D. X. Hammer, M. Mujat, A. H. Patel, C. Deng, W. Zou, and S. A. Burns, "Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with integrated wide-field retinal imaging and tracking, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 27(11), A265-A277 (2010).
12. M. Mujat, R. D. Ferguson, A. H. Patel, N. Iftimia, N. Lue, and D. X. Hammer, "High resolution multimodal clinical ophthalmic imaging system, " Opt. Express 18(11), 11607-11621 (2010).
13. A. Dubra and Y. Sulai, "Reflective afocal broadband adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscope, " Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1757-1768 (2011).
14. R. S. Jonnal, O. P. Kocaoglu, Q. Wang, S. Lee, and D. T. Miller, "Phase-sensitive imaging of the outer retina using optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics, " Biomed. Opt. Express 3(1), 104-124 (2012).
15. K. E. Stepien, W. M. Martinez, A. M. Dubis, R. F. Cooper, A. Dubra, and J. Carroll, "Subclinical photoreceptor disruption in response to severe head trauma, " Arch. Ophthalmol. 130(3), 400-402 (2012).
16. A. Roorda and D. R. Williams, "The arrangement of the three cone classes in the living human eye, " Nature 397(6719), 520-522 (1999).
17. A. Dubra, Y. Sulai, J. L. Norris, R. F. Cooper, A. M. Dubis, D. R. Williams, and J. Carroll, "Noninvasive imaging of the human rod photoreceptor mosaic using a confocal adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscope, " Biomed. Opt. Express 2(7), 1864-1876 (2011).
18. T. Y. Chui, H. Song, and S. A. Burns, "Adaptive-optics imaging of human cone photoreceptor distribution, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25(12), 3021-3029 (2008).
19. T. Y. Chui, H. Song, and S. A. Burns, "Individual variations in human cone photoreceptor packing density: variations with refractive error, " Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(10), 4679-4687 (2008).
20. K. Y. Li, P. Tiruveedhula, and A. Roorda, "Intersubject variability of foveal cone photoreceptor density in relation to eye length, " Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51(12), 6858-6867 (2010).
21. Y. Kitaguchi, K. Bessho, T. Yamaguchi, N. Nakazawa, T. Mihashi, and T. Fujikado, "In vivo measurements of cone photoreceptor spacing in myopic eyes from images obtained by an adaptive optics fundus camera, " Jpn. J. Ophthalmol. 51(6), 456-461 (2007).
22. D. Merino, J. L. Duncan, P. Tiruveedhula, and A. Roorda, "Observation of cone and rod photoreceptors in normal subjects and patients using a new generation adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope, " Biomed. Opt. Express 2(8), 2189-2201 (2011).
23. A. Roorda and D. R. Williams, "Optical fiber properties of individual human cones, " J. Vis. 2(5), 404-412 (2002).
24. M. Pircher, J. S. Kroisamer, F. Felberer, H. Sattmann, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, "Temporal changes of human cone photoreceptors observed in vivo with SLO/OCT, " Biomed. Opt. Express 2(1), 100-112 (2011).
25. O. P. Kocaoglu, S. Lee, R. S. Jonnal, Q. Wang, A. E. Herde, J. C. Derby, W. Gao, and D. T. Miller, "Imaging cone photoreceptors in three dimensions and in time using ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics, " Biomed. Opt. Express 2(4), 748-763 (2011).
26. J. Carroll, M. Neitz, H. Hofer, J. Neitz, and D. R. Williams, "Functional photoreceptor loss revealed with adaptive optics: an alternate cause of color blindness, " Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(22), 8461-8466 (2004).
27. S. S. Choi, N. Doble, J. L. Hardy, S. M. Jones, J. L. Keltner, S. S. Olivier, and J. S. Werner, "In vivo imaging of the photoreceptor mosaic in retinal dystrophies and correlations with visual function, " Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47(5), 2080-2092 (2006).
28. J. I. Wolfing, M. Chung, J. Carroll, A. Roorda, and D. R. Williams, "High-resolution retinal imaging of cone-rod dystrophy, " Ophthalmology 113(6), 1014-1019. e1 (2006).
29. R. C. Baraas, J. Carroll, K. L. Gunther, M. Chung, D. R. Williams, D. H. Foster, and M. Neitz, "Adaptive optics retinal imaging reveals S-cone dystrophy in tritan color-vision deficiency, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(5), 1438-1447 (2007).
30. J. L. Duncan, Y. Zhang, J. Gandhi, C. Nakanishi, M. Othman, K. E. Branham, A. Swaroop, and A. Roorda, "High-resolution imaging with adaptive optics in patients with inherited retinal degeneration, " Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48(7), 3283-3291 (2007).
31. J. Carroll, S. S. Choi, and D. R. Williams, "In vivo imaging of the photoreceptor mosaic of a rod monochromat, " Vision Res. 48(26), 2564-2568 (2008).
32. S. S. Choi, R. J. Zawadzki, M. A. Greiner, J. S. Werner, and J. L. Keltner, "Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics reveal nerve fiber layer loss and photoreceptor changes in a patient with optic nerve drusen, " J. Neuroophthalmol. 28(2), 120-125 (2008).
33. M. K. Yoon, A. Roorda, Y. Zhang, C. Nakanishi, L. J. Wong, Q. Zhang, L. Gillum, A. Green, and J. L. Duncan, "Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images in a family with the mitochondrial DNA T8993C mutation, " Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50(4), 1838-1847 (2008).
34. J. Carroll, R. C. Baraas, M. Wagner-Schuman, J. Rha, C. A. Siebe, C. Sloan, D. M. Tait, S. Thompson, J. I. Morgan, J. Neitz, D. R. Williams, D. H. Foster, and M. Neitz, "Cone photoreceptor mosaic disruption associated with Cys203Arg mutation in the M-cone opsin, " Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106(49), 20948-20953 (2009).
35. S. Ooto, M. Hangai, A. Sakamoto, A. Tsujikawa, K. Yamashiro, Y. Ojima, Y. Yamada, H. Mukai, S. Oshima, T. Inoue, and N. Yoshimura, "High-resolution imaging of resolved central serous chorioretinopathy using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, " Ophthalmology 117(9), 1800-1809, e1-e2 (2010).
36. Y. Kitaguchi, S. Kusaka, T. Yamaguchi, T. Mihashi, and T. Fujikado, "Detection of photoreceptor disruption by adaptive optics fundus imaging and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes with occult macular dystrophy, " Clin. Ophthalmol. 5, 345-351 (2011).
37. S. Ooto, M. Hangai, K. Takayama, N. Arakawa, A. Tsujikawa, H. Koizumi, S. Oshima, and N. Yoshimura, "High-resolution photoreceptor imaging in idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, " Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(8), 5541-5550 (2011).
38. S. Ooto, M. Hangai, K. Takayama, A. Sakamoto, A. Tsujikawa, S. Oshima, T. Inoue, and N. Yoshimura, "Highresolution imaging of the photoreceptor layer in epiretinal membrane using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, " Ophthalmology 118(5), 873-881 (2011).
39. K. Y. Li and A. Roorda, "Automated identification of cone photoreceptors in adaptive optics retinal images, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(5), 1358-1363 (2007).
40. B. Xue, S. S. Choi, N. Doble, and J. S. Werner, "Photoreceptor counting and montaging of en-face retinal images from an adaptive optics fundus camera, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(5), 1364-1372 (2007).
41. D. H. Wojtas, B. Wu, P. K. Ahnelt, P. J. Bones, and R. P. Millane, "Automated analysis of differential interference contrast microscopy images of the foveal cone mosaic, " J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25(5), 1181-1189 (2008).
42. K. Loquin, I. Bloch, K. Nakashima, F. Rossant, P.-Y. Boelle, and M. Paques, "Automatic photoreceptor detection in in-vivo adaptive optics retinal images: statistical validation, " in Image Analysis and Recognition, A. Campilho and M. Kamel, eds. (Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2012), pp. 408-415.
43. X. Liu, Y. Zhang, and D. Yun, "An automated algorithm for photoreceptors counting in adaptive optics retinal images, " Proc. SPIE 8419, 84191Z-5 (2012).
44. R. Garrioch, C. Langlo, A. M. Dubis, R. F. Cooper, A. Dubra, and J. Carroll, "Repeatability of in vivo parafoveal cone density and spacing measurements, " Optom. Vis. Sci. 89(5), 632-643 (2012).
45. S. J. Chiu, X. T. Li, P. Nicholas, C. A. Toth, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, "Automatic segmentation of seven retinal layers in SDOCT images congruent with expert manual segmentation, " Opt. Express 18(18), 19413-19428 (2010).
46. F. LaRocca, S. J. Chiu, R. P. McNabb, A. N. Kuo, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, "Robust automatic segmentation of corneal layer boundaries in SDOCT images using graph theory and dynamic programming, " Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1524-1538 (2011).
47. S. J. Chiu, J. A. Izatt, R. V. O'Connell, K. P. Winter, C. A. Toth, and S. Farsiu, "Validated automatic segmentation of AMD pathology including drusen and geographic atrophy in SD-OCT images, " Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 53(1), 53-61 (2012).
48. S. J. Chiu, C. A. Toth, C. Bowes Rickman, J. A. Izatt, and S. Farsiu, "Automatic segmentation of closed-contour features in ophthalmic images using graph theory and dynamic programming, " Biomed. Opt. Express 3(5), 1127-1140 (2012).
49. A. Dubra and Z. Harvey, "Registration of 2D images from fast scanning ophthalmic instruments, " in Biomedical Image Registration, B. Fischer, B. Dawant, and C. Lorenz, eds. (Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2010), pp. 60-71.
50. D. S. Biggs and M. Andrews, "Acceleration of iterative image restoration algorithms, " Appl. Opt. 36(8), 1766-1775 (1997).
51. R. J. Hanisch, R. L. White, and R. L. Gilliland, "Deconvolution of hubble space telescope images and spectra, " in Deconvolution of Images and Spectra, 2nd ed., P. A. Jansson, ed. (Academic Press, 1997).
52. T. J. Holmes, S. Bhattacharyya, J. A. Cooper, D. Hanzel, V. Krishna-murthi, W. C. Lin, B. Roysam, D. Szarowski, and J. Turner, "Light microscopic images reconstructed by maximum likelihood deconvolution, " in Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, J. B. Pawley, ed. (Plenum Press, 1995), pp. 389-402.
53. K.-Y. Liang and S. L. Zeger, "Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models, " Biometrika 73(1), 13-22 (1986).
54. R. F. Cooper, A. M. Dubis, A. Pavaskar, J. Rha, A. Dubra, and J. Carroll, "Spatial and temporal variation of rod photoreceptor reflectance in the human retina, " Biomed. Opt. Express 2(9), 2577-2589 (2011).