The state of cancer care in America, 2016: A report by the American society of clinical oncology

Journal of Oncology Practice

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 339-383

  Kelsey Kirkwood, M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ADVANCED PRACTICE PROVIDER; ARTICLE; CANCER CARE; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RESEARCH; CANCER THERAPY; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DEMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG COST; ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD; EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; FUNDING; GENETIC COUNSELOR; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH DISPARITY; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MEDICAID; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL INFORMATICS; MEDICAL SOCIETY; NEOPLASM; ONCOLOGIST; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT CENTERED MEDICAL HOME; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE; PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE; REIMBURSEMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES; VOCATIONAL EDUCATION; HEALTH INSURANCE; HISTORY; ONCOLOGY; STANDARDS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; INSURANCE, HEALTH; MEDICAL ONCOLOGY; QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE; UNITED STATES; WORKFORCE;

EID: 84963964040     PISSN: 15547477     EISSN: 1935469X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1200/JOP.2015.010462     Document Type: Article

References (147)

1. US Food and Drug Administration: Hematology/Oncology (Cancer) Approvals & Safety Notifications. http://www.fda.gov/drugs/informationondrugs/approveddrugs/ucm279174.htm
2. American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2015. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf
3. Howlader N NA, Krapcho M, Garshell J, et al: SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2012. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975-2012/
4. DeSantis CE, Fedewa SA, Goding Sauer A, et al: Breast cancer statistics, 2015: Convergence of incidence rates between black and white women. CA Cancer J Clin 66:31-42, 2015
5. Sommers BD: Health care reform's unfinished work: Remaining barriers to coverage and access. N Engl J Med 373:2395-2397, 2015
6. Sommers BD, Gunja MZ, Finegold K, et al: Changes in self-reported insurance coverage, access to care, and health under the Affordable Care Act. JAMA 314: 366-374, 2015
7. Congressional Budget Office: Insurance Coverage Provisions of the Affordable Care Act: CBO's March 2015 Baseline. https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/43900-2015-03-ACAtables.pdf
8. Collins SR, Rasmussen PW, Beutel S, et al: The Problem of Underinsurance and How Rising Deductibles Will Make It Worse-Findings from the Commonwealth Fund Biennial Health Insurance Survey. Washington, DC, The Commonwealth Fund, 2015
9. Demko P: Health care spending again accelerating. http://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/health-care-spending-hike-prediction-120740
10. Mariotto AB, Yabroff KR, Shao Y, et al: Projections of the cost of cancer care in the United States: 2010-2020. J Natl Cancer Inst 103:117-128, 2011
11. DiJulio B, Firth J, Brodie M: Kaiser Health Tracking Poll: August 2015. Menlo Park, CA, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2015
12. American Cancer Society: Cancer Treatment & Survivorship Facts & Figures 2014-2015. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-042801.pdf
13. Institute of Medicine: Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2013
14. Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al: Efficacy and safety results from a phase III trial of nivolumab (NIVO) alone or combined with ipilimumab (IPI) versus IPI alone in treatment-naive patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (MEL) (CheckMate 067). J Clin Oncol 33, 2015 (suppl; abstr LBA1)
15. Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, et al: Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med 372:2006-2017, 2015
16. Loftus P, Winslow R: FDA approves Bristol-Myers's Yervoy, Opdivo for treatment of melanoma. http://www.wsj.com/articles/fda-approves-bristol-myers-yervoy-opdivo-for-treatment-of-melanoma-1443711746
17. Dennis B, Harlan C: Good news from Jimmy Carter: He's cancer free. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/good-news-from-jimmy-carter-hes-cancer-free/2015/12/06/ea56a120-9c65-11e5-a3c5-c77f2cc5a43c-story.html
18. Kohler BA, Sherman RL, Howlader N, et al: Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2011, featuring incidence of breast cancer subtypes by race/ethnicity, poverty, and state. J Natl Cancer Inst 107:djv048, 2015
19. Rahib L, Smith BD, Aizenberg R, et al: Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: The unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Cancer Res 74:2913-2921, 2014
20. US Food and Drug Administration: Biosimilars. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/Appro-valApplications/TherapeuticBiologicApplications/Biosimilars/
21. US Food and Drug Administration: Nonproprietary Naming of Biological Products: Guidance for Industry. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm459987.pdf
22. American Society of Clinical Oncology: Re: FDA-2013-D-1543. http://www.asco. org/sites/www.asco.org/files/fda-biosimilars-comments.pdf
23. Friends of Cancer Research: Breakthrough Therapies. http://www.focr.org/breakthrough-therapies
24. Genome MC: Overview of Targeted Therapies for Cancer. http://www. mycancergenome.org/content/other/molecular-medicine/overview-of-targeted-therapies-for-cancer/
25. US Food and Drug Administration: 2015 Device Approvals. http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/DeviceApprovalsandClearances/Recently-ApprovedDevices/ucm430692.htm
26. The White House: The Precision Medicine Initiative. https://www.whitehouse. gov/precision-medicine
27. Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, et al: Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 373:1627-1639, 2015
28. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al: Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med 373:23-34, 2015
29. Smith BD, Smith GL, Hurria A, et al: Future of cancer incidence in the United States: Burdens upon an aging, changing nation. J Clin Oncol 27:2758-2765, 2009
30. Philip S, Rosenberg KAB, Anderson WF: Estrogen receptor status and the future burden of invasive and in-situ breast cancers in the United States. Presented at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, April 18-22, 2015
31. Morton LM, Onel K, Curtis RE, et al: The rising incidence of second cancers: Patterns of occurrence and identification of risk factors for children and adults. Am Soc Clin Oncol Ed Book e57-e67, 2014
32. Jemal A, Siegel RL, Ma J, et al: Inequalities in premature death from colorectal cancer by state. J Clin Oncol 33:829-835, 2015
33. Brenner H, Stock C, Hoffmeister M: Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ 348:g2467, 2014
34. US Preventative Services Task Force: Draft recommendation statement: Breast cancer-Screening. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/breast-cancer-screening
35. US Preventative Services Task Force: Published recommendations. http://www. uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/BrowseRec/Index
36. Wasserman Schultz D: Insurance coverage for mammograms jeopardized by new guidelines, Congresswoman and breast cancer survivor says. https://www. washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/04/23/insurance-coverage-for-mammograms-jeopardized-by-new-guidelines-congresswoman-and-breast-cancer-survivor-says/
37. Sabatino S, White M, Thompson T, et al: Cancer screening test use: United States, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6417a4.htm
38. Gray SW, Hicks-Courant K, Cronin A, et al: Physicians' attitudes about multiplex tumor genomic testing. J Clin Oncol 32:1317-1323, 2014
39. Parker BA, Schwaederlé M, Scur MD, et al: Breast cancer experience of the molecular tumor board at the University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center. J Oncol Pract 11:442-449, 2015
40. National Cancer Institute: SEER Stat Fact Sheets: All Cancer Sites. http://seer. cancer.gov/statfacts/html/all.htm
41. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Medicare Chronic Conditions Dashboard: State Level. https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-T rends-and-Re ports/Dashboard/Chronic-Conditions-State/CC-State-Dashboard.htm
42. CollenderS: Clinical trials need cancer patients. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/19/opinion/clinical-trials-need-cancer-patients.htm
43. Hurria A, Levit LA, Dale W, et al: Improving the evidence base for treating older adults with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology statement. J Clin Oncol 33: 3826-3833, 2015
44. Dennis B: "Exceptional responders" to cancer drugs draw scrutiny from scientists. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/looking-for-answers-in-cancers-exceptional-responders/2015/06/13/9cf0ec78-0571-11e5-a428-c984eb077d4e-story.htm
45. Altman D, Frist WH: Medicare and Medicaid at 50 years: Perspectives of beneficiaries, health care professionals and institutions, and policy makers. JAMA 314:384-395, 2015
46. Medicare Payment Advisory Commission: The Next Generation of Medicare Beneficiaries, Chapter 2. Washington, DC, MedPac, 2015
47. Polite BN, Griggs JJ, Moy B, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology policy statement on Medicaid reform. J Clin Oncol 32:4162-4167, 2014
48. Collins SR, Rasmussen PW, Doty M M, et al: Americans'experiences with marketplace and Medicaid coverage: Findings from the Commonwealth Fund Affordable Care Act Tracking Survey, March-May 2015. Issue Brief (Commonw Fund) 16:1-17, 2015
49. Robbins AS, Han X, Ward EM, et al: Association between the Affordable Care Act dependent coverage expansion and cervical cancer stage and treatment in young women. JAMA 314:2189-2191, 2015
50. Garfield R, Damico A, Cox C, et al: New Estimates of Eligibility for ACA Coverage Among the Uninsured. Menlo Park, CA, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2015
51. Hancock J: Employers shift more health costs to workers, survey finds. http://khn.org/news/employers-shift-more-health-costs-to-workers-survey-finds/
52. Smith JK, NgSC, Zhou Z, et al: Does increasing insurance improve outcomes for US cancer patients? J Surg Res 185:15-20, 2013
53. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation: Current status of state Medicaid expansion decisions. http://kff.org/health-reform/slide/current-status-of-the-medicaid-expansion-decision/
54. McMorrow S, Long SK, Fogel A: Primary care providers ordered fewer preventive services for women with Medicaid than for women with private coverage. Health Aff (Millwood) 34:1001-1009, 2015
55. Barnes R: Affordable Care Act survives Supreme Court challenge. https://www. washingtonpost.com/politics/courts-law/obamacare-survives-supreme-court-challe nge/2015/06/25/af87608e-188 a-11e5-93b7-5ed dc056ad8a-story.htm
56. Howell T: Obamacare co-op flops have many running for coverage. http://www. washingtontimes.com/news/2015/nov/15/obamacare-co-op-flops-have-many-scrambling-for-hea/?page-al
57. Mackay C, Antonelli K, Bruinooge SS, et al: Cancer center and community research program experience with insurance denials for clinical trial participation after ACA mandate. Presented at the Association of American Cancer Institutes Cancer Research Initiative Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, July 8-9, 2015
58. Polite BN: States as the laboratory for democracy: Is anybody paying attention, and does anybody care? J Clin Oncol 33:815-816, 2015
59. Polite BN, Griggs JJ, Moy B, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology policy statement on Medicaid reform. J Clin Oncol 32:4162-4167, 2014
60. Weber JS, Levit LA, Adamson PC, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology policy statement update: The critical role of phase I trials in cancer research and treatment. J Clin Oncol 33:278-284, 2015
61. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation: Health Spending Trends Slideshow. http://kff.org/slideshow/health-spending-trends-slideshow/
62. Davis K, Stremikis K, Schoen C, et al: Mirror, mirror on the wall, 2014 update: How the U.S. health care system compares internationally. http://www. commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2014/jun/mirror-mirror
63. Tefferi A, Kantarjian H, Rajkumar SV, et al: In support of a patient-driven initiative and petition to lower the high price of cancer drugs. Mayo Clin Proc 90:996-1000, 2015
64. Moran Company: Analysis of 2014 physician/supplier procedure summary file. http://www.themorancompany.com/services/analysis/
65. Walker J, Mathews AW: Small number of drugs drives big Medicare bill, spending data show. http://www.wsj.com/articles/medicare-releases-detailed-look-at-prescription-drug-spending-1430426438
66. Saltz L: Perspectives on value. http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/content/115302
67. Helwick C: Cost of immunotherapy projected to top $1 million per patient per year. http://www.ascopost.com/issues/july-10-2015/cost-of-immunotherapy-projected-to-top-1-million-per-patient-per-year/
68. Hirschler B: Exclusive: Americans overpaying hugely for cancer drugs. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-pharmaceuticals-cancer-usa-idUSKCN0RM1EC20150922
69. Pembroke Consulting: Retail generic drug inflation reaches new heights. http://www.drugchannels.net/2014/08/retail-generic-drug-inflation-reaches.html
70. Pollack A: Drug goes from $13.50 a tablet to $750, overnight. http://www. nytimes.com/2015/09/21/business/a-huge-overnight-increase-in-a-drugs-price-raises-protests.html?-r50
71. Rockoff JD: Rising drug costs to be in focus at Congressional hearing. http://www.wsj.com/articles/rising-drug-costs-to-be-in-focus-at-congressional-hearing-1449311407
72. Lorenzetti L: This company is offering a $1 alternative to Turing's $750 drug. http://fortune.com/2015/10/23/turing-daraprim-cheap-alternative/
73. Mulcahy AW, Predmore Z, Mattke S: The cost savings potential of biosimilar drugs in the United States. http://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE127.html
74. Johnson CY: The first in a new generation of cheaper drugs isn't much cheaper. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/the-first-in-a-new-generation-of-cheaper-drugs-isnt-much-cheaper/
75. Kantarjian HM, Fojo T, Mathisen M, et al: Cancer drugs in the United States: Justum pretium-The just price. J Clin Oncol 31:3600-3604, 2013
76. Ramsey S, Blough D, Kirchhoff A, et al: Washington State cancer patients found to be at greater risk for bankruptcy than people without a cancer diagnosis. Health Aff (Millwood) 32:1143-1152, 2013
77. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation: 2015 Employer Health Benefits Survey. http://kff.org/health-costs/report/2015-employer-health-benefits-survey/
78. PricewaterhouseCoopers: Medical cost trend: Behind the numbers 2016. https://www.pwc.com/us/en/health-industries/behind-the-numbers/assets/pwc-hri-medical-cost-trend-chart-pack-2016.pdf
79. Abelson R: Health insurance deductibles outpacing wage increases, study finds. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/business/health-insurance-deductibles-outpacing-wage-increases-study-finds.html
80. Radnofsky L, Armour S: Insurers win big health-rate increases. http://www.wsj. com/articles/rising-rates-pose-challenge-to-health-law-1447894371
81. State Patients Equal Access Coalition: Oral chemo access map. http://speac. myeloma.org/oral-chemo-access-map/
82. Avalere Health: More than 2 million exchange enrollees forgo cost-sharing assistance. http://avalere.com/expertise/managed-care/insights/more-than-2-million-exchange-enrollees-forgo-cost-sharing-assistance
83. Polsky D, Weiner J: The skinny on narrow networks in health insurance marketplace plans. http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2015/06/the-skinny-on-narrow-networks-in-health-insurance-marketplace-pl.html
84. American Medical Association: AMA Physician Masterfile. http://www.ama-assn. org/ama/pub/about-ama/physician-data-resources/physician-masterfile.page
85. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Official Physician Compare Data. https://data.medicare.gov/data/physician-compare
86. Brotherton SE, Etzel SI: Graduate medical education, 2014-2015. JAMA 314: 2436-2454, 2015
87. US Census Bureau: State & County QuickFacts. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/00000.html
88. Association of American Medical Colleges: Diversity in the Physician Workforce: Facts & Figures 2014. http://aamcdiversityfactsandfigures.org/
89. Hamel LM, Chapman R, Malloy M, et al: Critical shortage of African American medical oncologists in the United States. J Clin Oncol 33:3697-3700, 2015
90. US Census Bureau: Census Urban Area Facts 2010. https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/ua/uafacts.html
91. Siegel RL, Sahar L, Robbins A, et al: Where can colorectal cancer screening interventions have the most impact? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 24:1151-1156, 2015
92. Lin CC, Bruinooge SS, Kirkwood MK, et al: Association between geographic access to cancer care, insurance, and receipt of chemotherapy: Geographic distribution of oncologists and travel distance. J Clin Oncol 33:3177-3185, 2015
93. Lin CC, Bruinooge S, Kirkwood K, et al: Association between geographic access and receipt of radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 93:E367, 2015 (abstr)
94. Salami AC, Barden GM, Castillo DL, et al: Establishment of a regional virtual tumor board program to improve the process of care for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Oncol Pract 11:e66-e74, 2014
95. American Board of Genetic Counseling: ABGC 2014 Annual Business Meeting. http://www.abgc.net/ABGC/documents/BusinessMeetingABGC2014Slidesfinal.pdf
96. Eichmeyer JN: Improving access to oncology genetic counseling. https://www. accc-cancer.org/oncology-issues/articles/JA14/JA14-Improving-Access-to-Oncology-Genetic-Counseling.pdf
97. McDonald E, Lamb A, Grillo B, et al: Acceptability of telemedicine and other cancer genetic counseling models of service delivery in geographically remote settings. J Genet Couns 23:221-228, 2014
98. Buchanan AH, Datta SK, Skinner CS, et al: Randomized trial of telegenetics vs. inperson cancer genetic counseling: Cost, patient satisfaction and attendance. J Genet Couns 24:961-970, 2015
99. Dawes AJ, Hemmelgarn M, Nguyen DK, et al: Are primary care providers prepared to care for survivors of breast cancer in the safety net? Cancer 121: 1249-1256, 2015
100. US Department of Health and Human Services: National Center for Health Workforce analysis: Projecting the supply and demand for primary care practitioners through 2020. http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/supplydemand/usworkforce/primarycare/
101. Institute of Medicine: Measuring the Impact of Interprofessional Education (IPE) on Collaborative Practice and Patient Outcomes. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2015
102. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education: ACGME Program Requirements for Graduate Medical Education in Hematology and Medical Oncology (Internal Medicine). https://www.acgme.org/acgmeweb/Portals/0/PFAssets/2013-PR-FAQ-PIF/155-hematology-oncology-int-med-07132013.pdf
103. Eid A, Hughes C, Karuturi M, et al: An interprofessionally developed geriatric oncology curriculum for hematology-oncology fellows. J Geriatr Oncol 6:165-173, 2015
104. Harper JL, De Costa AM, Garrett-Mayer E, et al: Incorporating patient satisfaction metrics in assessing multidisciplinary breast cancer care quality. South Med J 108:372-376, 2015
105. Nolte E, Pitchforth E: What is the evidence on the economic impacts of integrated care?. http://www.euro.who.int/-data/assets/pdf-file/0019/251434/What-is-the-evidence-on-the-economic-impacts-of-integrated-care.pdf
106. Porter ME: Value based healthcare delivery. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Clinical Oncology, Chicago, IL, May 29-June 2, 2015
107. Harvard Business School: Integrated Practice Units. http://www.isc.hbs.edu/health-care/vbhcd/Pages/integrated-practice-units.aspx
108. Schattner E: Logistic toxicity, an unmeasured burden of healthcare. http://www. forbes.com/sites/elaineschattner/2015/08/14/logistic-toxicity-an-unmeasured-burden-of-health-care-for-people-with-cancer-and-other-illness/#6d8678b626a3
109. The Advisory Board Company: AMA survey: Physician satisfaction with EHR systems has plummeted. https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2015/08/13/ama-survey-physician-satisfaction-with-ehr-systems-has-plummeted
110. House Energy and Commerce and Ways and Means Committees: H.R. 2 Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA), 2015
111. 111 14th Congress: Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015, H.R.2, 2015
112. Burwell SM: Setting value-based payment goals: HHS efforts to improve U.S. health care. N Engl J Med 372:897-899, 2015
113. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative Request for Application. https://innovation.cms.gov/Files/x/Bundled-Payments-for-Care-Improvement-Request-for-Applications.pdf
114. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Oncology Care Model. https://innovation.cms.gov/initiatives/oncology-care/
115. American Society of Clinical Oncology: Re: CMMI preliminary design for an oncology-focused model. http://www.asco.org/sites/www.asco.org/files/comments-on-ocm-91814.pdf
116. American Society of Clinical Oncology: Physician payment reform: ASCO's payment reform model support higher quality, more affordable cancer care. http://www.asco.org/advocacy/physician-payment-reform
117. National Committee for Quality Assurance: Patient-centered specialty practice recognition. http://www.ncqa.org/Programs/Recognition/Practices/PatientCenteredSpecialtyPracticePCSP.aspx
118. Tirodkar MA, Acciavatti N, Roth LM, et al: Lessons from early implementation of a patient-centered care model in oncology. J Oncol Pract 11:456-461, 2015
119. NORC at the University of Chicago: Annual Report 1: HCIA Disease-Specific Evaluation. https://innovation.cms.gov/files/reports/hcia-ds-firstevalrpt.pdf
120. Waters TM, Webster JA, Stevens LA, et al: Community oncology medical homes: Physician-driven change to improve patient care and reduce costs. J Oncol Pract 11:462-467, 2015
121. Community Oncology Alliance Patient Advocacy Network: Oncology medical home: Improved quality and cost of care. http://coaadvocacy.org/2014/09/oncology-medical-home-improved-quality-and-cost-of-care/
122. Association for Value-Based Cancer Care: Oncology medical home accreditation by community oncology alliance making progress. http://www.valuebasedcancer.com/vbcc-issues/2015/september-2015-vol-6-no-8/26339-oncology-medical-home-accreditation-by-community-oncology-alliance-making-progress
123. Falit BP, Chernew ME, Mantz CA: Design and implementation of bundled payment systems for cancer care and radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 89:950-953, 2014
124. Kaiser Permanente: Kaiser Permanente joins Health and Human Services announcement regarding Medicare. http://share.kaiserpermanente.org/article/kaiser-permanente-joins-health-and-human-services-announcement-regarding-medicare/
125. UnitedHealthcare: MD Anderson, UnitedHealthcare launch new cancer care payment model. http://www.uhc.com/news-room/2014-news-release-archive/md-anderson-unitedhealthcare-cancer-care-payment-model1
126. Newcomer LN, Gould B, Page RD, et al: Changing physician incentives for affordable, quality cancer care: Results of an episode payment model. J Oncol Pract 10:322-326, 2014
127. Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey: Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey creates ground-breaking patient-centered program for cancer treatment. http://www.horizonblue.com/about-us/news-overview/company-news/horizon-bcbsnj-patient-centered-program-cancer-treatment
128. Hawes K: Your guide to oncology payment reform pilots. https://www.advisory. com/research/oncology-roundtable/oncology-rounds/2015/05/your-guide-to-onc-payment-reform-pilots
129. Business Wire: Aetna, Moffitt Cancer Center form oncology medical home: The patient-focused model supports high-value care. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/2015041600609 5/en/Aetna-Moffitt-Cancer-Center-Form-Oncology-Medical#.VgRYRN9Vikp
130. Zon RT, Frame JN, Neuss MN, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology policy statement on clinical pathways in oncology. J Oncol Pract: [epub ahead of print on January 12, 2016]
131. Plevin R: Medical schools teach students to talk with patients about care costs. http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/10/438496145/medical-schools-teach-students-to-talk-with-patients-about-care-costs
132. Schnipper LE, Davidson NE, Wollins DS, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology statement: A conceptual framework to assess the value of cancer treatment options. J Clin Oncol 33:2563-2577, 2015
133. National Comprehensive Cancer Network: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) with NCCN Evidence Blocks. http://www.nccn.org/evidenceblocks/
134. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center: Drug Abacus, an interactive exploration of drug pricing: FAQs. http://www.drugabacus.org/faqs/
135. Miller S: We have to change how we pay for cancer drug. http://lab.express-scripts.com/insights/drug-options/we-have-to-change-how-we-pay-for-cancer-drugs
136. Ollove M: States limiting patient costs for high-priced drugs. http://khn.org/news/states-limiting-patient-costs-for-high-priced-drugs/
137. Hoadley J, Cubanski J, Neuman T: Medicare Part D at ten years: The 2015 marketplace and key trends, 2006-2015. http://kff.org/medicare/report/medicare-part-d-at-ten-years-the-2015-marketplace-and-key-trends-2006-2015/
138. Gagnon MA, Wolfe S: Mirror, mirror on the wall: Medicare Part D pays needlessly high brand-name drug prices compared with other OECD countries and with U.S. government programs. http://carleton.ca/sppa/wp-content/uploads/Mirror-Mirror-Medicare-Part-D-Released.pdf
139. Steinbrook R: The repeal of Medicare's sustainable growth rate for physician payment. JAMA 313:2025-2026, 2015
140. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Proposed policy, payment, and quality provisions changes to the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule for calendar year 2016. https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/mediareleasedatabase/fact-sheets/2015-fact-sheets-items/2015-07-08.htm
141. US Department of Health & Human Services: What is "meaningful use"? http://www.hrsa.gov/healthit/meaningfuluse/MU%20Stage1%20CQM/whatis.htm
142. Schnipper LE, Smith TJ, Raghavan D, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology identifies five key opportunities to improve care and reduce costs: The top five list for oncology. J Clin Oncol 30:1715-1724, 2012
143. Schnipper LE, Lyman GH, Blayney DW, et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology 2013 top five list in oncology. J Clin Oncol 31:4362-4370, 2013
144. American Society of Clinical Oncology: QOPI reporting pathways: Fall 2015 round. http://www.instituteforquality.org/sites/instituteforquality.org/files/QOPI%20Fall%202015%20Reporting%20Pathways-%20Full%20Measures. pdf
145. Institute of Medicine: Improving Diagnosis in Health Care: Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2015
146. American Society of Clinical Oncology: American Society of Clinical Oncology: Barriers to Interoperability and Information Blocking. http://www.asco.org/sites/www.asco.org/files/position-paper-for-clq-briefing-09142015.pdf
147. American Society of Clinical Oncology: CancerLinQ takes a big leap forward. https://am.asco.org/cancerlinq™-takes-big-leap-forward