5G-Enabled Tactile Internet

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 460-473

  Simsek, Meryem ^a   Aijaz, Adnan ^b,c   Dohler, Mischa ^b   Sachs, Joachim ^d   Fettweis, Gerhard ^a  

^a DRESDEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c TOSHIBA CORPORATION   (Japan)

^d ERICSSON RESEARCH   (Sweden)

Author keywords

5G; edge intelligence; haptic communications; massive connectivity; OFDM; realtime communication; Tactile Internet; ultra low latency; ultrahigh reliability

Indexed keywords

INTERNET; MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING;

EDGE INTELLIGENCE; HAPTIC COMMUNICATIONS; LOW LATENCY; MASSIVE CONNECTIVITY; REAL-TIME COMMUNICATION;

INTERNET PROTOCOLS;

EID: 84963718779     PISSN: 07338716     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2016.2525398     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. L. Atzori, A. Iera, and G. Morabito, "The Internet of Things: A survey, " J. Comput. Netw., vol. 54, no. 15, pp. 2787-2805, 2010.
2. ITU, "World telecommunications/ICT indicators database, " Int. Telecommun. Union, Tech. Rep., Dec. 2014.
3. ITU-T, "The tactile internet, " ITU-T technology watch report [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/dms-pub/itu-t/oth/23/01/T230100002300 01PDFE.pdf
4. G. Fettweis. The Opportunities of the Tactile Internet-A Challenge For Future Electronics [Online]. Available: http://www.lis.ei.tum.de/fileadmin/w00bdv/www/fpl2014/fettweis.pdf
5. E. Dahlman et al., "5G wireless access: Requirements and realization, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 42-45, Dec. 2014.
6. P. Popovski et al., "Scenarios, requirements and KPIs for 5G mobile and wireless system-deliverable 1.1, " ICT-317669 METIS Project, Apr. 2013.
7. Z. Roth et al., "Vision and architecture supporting wireless GBit/sec/km2 capacity density deployments, " in Proc. Future Netw. Mobile Summit, Jun. 2010, pp. 1-7.
8. NGMN. (2015). 5G White Paper [Online]. Available: https://www.ngmn. org/uploads/media/NGMN-5G-White-Paper-V1-0.pdf
9. P. Marsch et al., "5G radio access network design-A brief overview on the 5G-PPP project METIS-II, " in Proc. Eur. Conf. Netw. Commun. (EUCNC), Paris, France, Jun./Jul. 2015.
10. A. Gupta and R. Jha, "A survey of 5G network: Architecture and emerging technologies, " IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 1206-1232, 2015.
11. M. Weiner et al., "Design of a low-latency, high-reliability wireless communication system for control applications, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comm. (ICC), Sydney, Australia, Jun. 2014, pp. 3835-3841.
12. N. Nikaein and S. Krea, "Latency for real-time machine-to-machine communication in LTE-based system architecture, " in Proc. 11th Eur. Wireless Conf. Sustain. Wireless Technol. (Eur. Wireless), Vienna, Austria, Apr. 2011, pp. 1-6.
13. Sercos. (2014). SERCOS News, The Automation Bus Magazine [Online]. Available: http://www.sercos.com/literature/pdf/sercos news 0114 en.pdf
14. Z. Lin and S. Pearson, "An inside look at industrial ethernet communication protocols, " Texas Instruments, White Paper, Nov. 2013.
15. A. Varghese and D. Tandur, "Wireless requirements and challenges in industry 4.0, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Comtemporary Comput. Informat., Nov. 2015, pp. 634-638.
16. J. Arata et al., "A remote surgery experiment between Japan and Thailand over internet using a low latency CODEC system, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Autom. (ICRA), Apr. 2007, pp. 953-959.
17. A. Aijaz, M. Dohler, A. H. Aghvami, V. Friderikos, and M. Frodigh, "Realizing the tactile internet: Haptic communications over next generation 5G cellular networks, " IEEE Wireless Commun., 2015. [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.02826
18. M. Dohler, "Machine-to-Machine in smart cities & smart grids: Vision, technologies & applications, " Keynote at WiFlex, Sep. 2013 [Online]. Available: http://bit.ly/1B4rLpY
19. Z. Shi, H. Zou, M. Rank, L. Chen, S. Hirche, and H. J. Mueller, "Effects of packet loss and latency on temporal discrimination of visual-haptic events, " IEEE Trans. Haptics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 28-36, Jan./Mar. 2009.
20. M. Di Luca, T.-K. Machulla, and M. O. Ernst, "Recalibration of mul-tisensory simultaneity: Crossmodal transfer coincides with a change in perceptual latency, " J. Vis., vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 1-16, 2009.
21. K. M. Stanney, R. S. Kennedy, and K. Kingdon, Virtual Environment Usage Protocols. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2002.
22. A. Osseiran et al., "The foundation of the mobile and wireless communications system for 2020 and beyond challenges, enablers and technology solutions, " in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC Spring'15), Jun. 2013, pp. 1-5.
23. ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU, "Series E: Overall Network Operation, Telephone Service, Service Operation and Human Factors, " E.800, Sep. 2008.
24. O. N. C. Yilmaz, Y.-P. E. Wang, N. A. Johansson, N. Brahmi, S. A. Ashraf, and J. Sachs, "Analysis of ultra-reliable and low-latency 5G communication for a factory automation use case, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), London, U.K., Jun. 2015.
25. H. D. Schotten, R. Sattiraju, D. Gozalvez-Serrano, R. Zhe, and P. Fertl, "Availability indication as key enabler for ultra-reliable communication in 5G, " in Proc. Eur. Conf. Netw. Commun. (EuCNC), Jun. 2014, pp. 1-5.
26. D. Ohmann, M. Simsek, and G. Fettweis, "Achieving high availability in wireless networks by an optimal number of Rayleigh-fading links, " in Proc. IEEE Globecom Workshops, Dec. 2014, pp. 1402-1407.
27. R. Chaudhari, C. Schuwerk, M. Danaei, and E. Steinbach, "Perceptual and bitrate-scalable coding of haptic surface texture signals, " IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process. (JSTSP), vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 462-473, Apr. 2015.
28. E. Steinbach et al., "Haptic Communications, " Proc. IEEE, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 937-956, Apr. 2012.
29. M. O. Ernst and M. S. Banks, "Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion, " Nature, vol. 415, no. 6870, pp. 429-423, Jan. 2002.
30. Ericsson, "5G Systems, " White Paper, Jan. 2015 [Online]. Available: http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/what-is-a-5g-system.pdf
31. B. Han, V. Gopalakrishnan, L. Ji, and S. Lee, "Network function virtu-alization: Challenges and opportunities for innovations, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 90-97, Feb. 2015.
32. B. Nunes, M. Mendonca, X.-N. Nguyen, K. Obraczka, and T. Turletti, "A survey of software-defined networking: Past, present, and future of programmable networks, " IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1617-1634, Third Quart. 2014.
33. M. Arslan, K. Sundaresan, and S. Rangarajan, "Software-defined networking in cellular radio access networks: Potential and challenges, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 150-156, Jan. 2015.
34. G. P. Fettweis, W. Lehner, and W. Nagel, "Pathways to servers of the future: Highly adaptive energy efficient computing (HAEC), " in Proc. DATE Conf., 2013, pp. 1161-1166.
35. HAEC. (2015). SFB 912: Highly Adaptive Energy-Efficient Computing [Online]. Available: http://tu-dresden.de/sfb912
36. J. Bingham, "Multicarrier modulation for data transmission: An idea whose time has come, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 5-14, May 2009.
37. M. Mirahmadi, A. Al-Dweik, and A. Shami, "BER reduction of OFDM based broadband communication systems over multipath channels with impulsive noise, " IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 4602-4615, Nov. 2013.
38. N. A. Johansson, Y.-P. E. Wang, E. Eriksson, and M. Hessler, "Radio access for ultra-reliable and low-latency 5G communications, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), London, U.K., Jun. 2015, pp. 1184-1189.
39. J. Van De Beek and F. Berggren, "Out-of-Band Power Suppression in OFDM, " IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 609-611, Sep. 2008.
40. E. Hossain, Dynamic Spectrum Access and Management in Cognitive Radio Networks. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.
41. B. Farhang-Boroujeny, "OFDM versus filter bank multicarrier, " IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 92-112, May 2011.
42. V. Vakilian, T. Wild, F. Schaich, S. ten Brink, and J.-F. Frigon, "Universal-filtered multi-carrier ttechnique for wireless systems beyond LTE, " in Proc. IEEE Globecom Workshop, Dec. 2013, pp. 223-228.
43. R. Ayadi, M. Siala, and I. Kammoun, "Transmit/receive pulse-shaping design in BDFM systems over time-frequency dispersive AWGN channel, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Process Control (ICSPC), Nov. 2007, pp. 772-775.
44. G. P. Fettweis, M. Krondorf, and S. Bittner, "GFDM-Generalized frequency division multiplexing, " in Proc. 69th IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC Spring'09), Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2009, pp. 1-4.
45. N. Michailow et al., "Generalized frequency division multiplexing for 5th generation cellular networks, " IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 3045-3061, Sep. 2014.
46. M. Nekovee, "Quantifying performance requirements of vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocols for rear-end collision avoidance, " in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC Spring'09), Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2009, pp. 1-5.
47. I. Bravo, M. Mazo, J. Lazaro, P. Jimenez, A. Gardel, and M. Marron, "Novel HW architecture based on FPGAs oriented to solve the eigen problem, " IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 1722-1725, Dec. 2008.
48. N. ul Hassan, M. Lentmaier, and G. P. Fettweis, "Comparison of LDPC block and LDPC convolutional codes based on their decoding latency, " in Proc. Int. Symp. Turbo Codes Iterative Inf. Process. (ISTC), Aug. 2012, pp. 225-229.
49. T. Hehn and J. Huber, "LDPC codes and convolutional codes with equal structural delay: A comparison, " IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1683-1692, Jun. 2009.
50. J. Sachs, P. Popovski, A. Höglund, D. Gozalvez-Serrano, and P. Fertl, Machine-Type Communications. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN: 9781107130098, 2016, to be published.
51. I. Da Silva et al., "Tight integration of new 5G air interface and LTE to fulfill 5G requirements, " in Proc. IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC Spring'15), May 2015, pp. 1-5.
52. I. Da Silva, G. Mildh, and M. Gunnar, J. L. Pradas, "Towards an efficient sleeping for 5G devices, " in Proc. IEEE Vehic. Technol. Conf. (VTC Spring'15), May. 2015.
53. M. Degermark, "Requirements for robust IP/UDP/RTP header compression, " Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 3096, Jul. 2001.
54. T. Koren, "Enhanced compressed RTP (CRTP) for links with high delay, packet loss and reordering, " Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 3545, Jul. 2003.
55. B. P. Rimal, C. Eunmi, and I. Lumb, "A taxonomy and survey of cloud computing systems, " 2009. [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.0066
56. Q. Duan, Y. Yan, and A. V. Vasilakos, "A survey on service-oriented network virtualization toward convergence of networking and cloud computing, " IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 373-392, Dec. 2012.
57. C. Saravanakumar and C. Arun, "Survey on interoperability, security, trust, privacy standardization of cloud computing, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Contemp. Comput. Informat. (IC3I'14), Nov. 2014, pp. 977-982.
58. M. Dohler and G. P. Fettweis, "The Tactile Internet-IoT, 5G, and cloud on steroids, " Telefonica Blog, Oct. 2014.
59. M. Satyanarayanan, Z. Chen, H. Kiryong, H. Wenlu, W. Richter, and P. Pillai, "Cloudlets: At the Leading Edge of Mobile-Cloud Convergence, " in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Mobile Cloud Comput. Appl. Serv. (MobiCASE), Nov. 2014, pp. 1-9.
60. T. Verbelen, P. Simoens, F. De Turck, and B. Dhoedt, "Leveraging cloudlets for immersive collaborative applications, " IEEE Pervasive Comput., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 30-38, Oct./Dec. 2013.
61. S. Bohez, J. De Turck, T. Verbelen, P. Simoens, and B. Dhoedt, "Mobile, Collaborative augmented reality using cloudlets, " in Proc. Int. Conf. MOBILe Wireless MiddleWARE Oper. Syst. Appl. (Mobilware), Nov. 2013, pp. 45-54.
62. G. Lewis, S. Echeverria, S. Simanta, B. Bradshaw, and J. Root, "Tactical cloudlets: Moving cloud computing to the edge, " in Proc. IEEE Mil. Commun. Conf. (MILCOM), Oct. 2014, pp. 1440-1446.
63. M. Satyanarayanan, P. Bahl, R. Caceres, and N. Davies, "The case for VM-based cloudlets in mobile computing, " IEEE Pervasive Comput., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 14-23, Oct. 2009.
64. M. Ryden, K. Oh, A. Chandra, and J. Weissman, "Nebula: Distributed edge cloud for data-intensive computing, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Collab. Technol. Syst. (CTS), May 2014, pp. 491-492.
65. U. Drolia et al., "The case for mobile edge-clouds, " in Proc. IEEE 10th Int. Conf. Ubiq. Intell. Comput./Auton. Trusted Comput. (UIC/ATC), Dec. 2013, pp. 209-215.
66. Q. Li, H. Niu, A. Papathanassiou, and G. Wu, "Edge cloud and underlay networks: Empowering 5G cell-less wireless architecture, " in Proc. 20th Eur. Conf. Wireless, May 2014, pp. 1-6.
67. O. Galinina, A. Pyattaev, S. Andreevy, M. Dohler, and Y. Koucheryavy, "5G multi-RAT LTE-WiFi ultra-dense small cells: Performance dynamics, architecture, and trends, " IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1224-1240, May 2015.
68. S. Andreevy et al., "Understanding IoT connectivity landscape-A contemporary M2M radio technology roadmap, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 32-40, Sept. 2015.
69. M. Condoluci, M. Dohler, G. Araniti, A. Molinaro, and J. Sachs, "Enhanced radio access and data transmission procedures facilitating industry-compliant machine-type communications over LTE-based 5G networks, " IEEE Wireless Commun. Mag., to be published.
70. M. Condoluci, M. Dohler, G. Araniti, A. Molinaro, and K. Zheng, "Towards 5G DenseNets: Architectural advances for effective machine-type communications over femtocells, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 134-141, Jan. 2015.
71. K. Zheng, S. Ouy, J. Alonso-Zarate, M. Dohler, F. Liu, and H. Zhu, "Challenges of massive access in highly-dense LTE-advanced networks with machine-to-machine communications, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 12-18, Jun. 2014.
72. K. Zheng, L. Zhao, J. Mei, M. Dohler, W. Xiangy, and Y. Peng, "10Gbps-HetSNets with millimeter-wave communications: Access and networking challenges and protocols, " IEEE Commun. Mag., to be published.
73. H. Y. Lateef, A. Imran, M. A. Imran, L. Giupponi, and M. Dohler, "LTE-advanced self-organising network conflicts and coordination algorithm, " IEEE Wireless Commun. Mag., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 108-117, Jun. 2015.
74. E. Bastug, M. Bennis, and M. Debbah, "Living on the edge: The role of proactive caching in 5g wireless networks, " IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 82-89, Aug. 2014.
75. F. Sardis, G. Mapp, J. Loo, and M. Aiash, "Dynamic edge-caching for mobile users: Minimising inter-AS traffic by moving cloud services and VMS, " in Proc. 28th Int. Conf. Adv. Inf. Netw. Appl. Workshops (WAINA), May 2014, pp. 144-149.
76. Y.-T. Yu, F. Bronzino, R. Fan, C. Westphal, and M. Gerla, "Congestion-aware edge caching for adaptive video streaming in information-centric networks, " in Proc. 12th Annu. IEEE Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf. (CCNC), Jan. 2015, pp. 588-596.
77. Y. Li, "Coordinated edge caching with request aggregation in radio access network, " in Proc. 11th Annu. IEEE Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf. (CCNC), Jan. 2014.
78. L. Ramaswamy, L. Liu, and A. Iyengar, "Scalable delivery of dynamic content using a cooperative edge cache grid, " IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 614-630, May 2007.
79. L. Ramaswamy, L. Liu, and A. Iyengar, "Cache clouds: Cooperative caching of dynamic documents in edge networks, " in Proc. 25th IEEE Int. Conf. Distrib. Comput. Syst. (ICDCS'05), Jun. 2005, pp. 229-238.
80. N. Sakr, J. Zhou, N. D. Georganas, J. Zhao, and E. Petriu, "Network traffic reduction in six degree-of-freedom haptic, telementoring systems, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern. (SMC'09), Oct. 2009, pp. 2451-2456.
81. N. Sakr, N. D. Georganas, and J. Zhao, "Exploring human perception-based data reduction for haptic communication in 6-DOF telepresence systems, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Haptic Audio-Visual Environ. Games (HAVE), Oct. 2010, pp. 1-6.
82. N. Sakr, N. Georganas, J. Zhao, and X. Shen, "Motion and force prediction in haptic media, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo, Jul. 2007, pp. 2242-2245.
83. X. Xu, J. Kammerl, R. Chaudhari, and E. Steinbach, "Hybrid signal-based and geometry-based prediction for haptic data reduction, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop Haptic Audio Visual Environ. Games (HAVE), Oct. 2011, pp. 68-73.
84. X. Xu, B. Cizmeci, A. Al-Nuaimi, and E. Steinbach, "Point cloud-based model-mediated teleoperation with dynamic and perception-based model updating, " IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 2558-2569, Nov. 2014.
85. F. Brandi and E. Steinbach, "Prediction techniques for haptic communication and their vulnerability to packet losses, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Haptic Audio Visual Environ. Games (HAVE), Oct. 2013, pp. 63-68.
86. F. Guo, C. Zhang, and Y. He, "Haptic data compression based on a linear prediction model and quadratic curve reconstruction, " J. Softw., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 2796-2803, 2014.
87. Worldbank. (2014). Gross Domestic Product [Online]. Available: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf