Which cause of diffuse peritonitis is the deadliest in the tropics? A retrospective analysis of 305 cases from the South-West Region of Cameroon

World Journal of Emergency Surgery

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2016, Pages

  Chichom Mefire, Alain ^a   Fon, Tabe Alain ^a   Ngowe Ngowe, Marcelin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BUEA   (Cameroon)

Author keywords

Diffuse peritonitis; Hollow viscus perforation; Menheim Peritonitis index; Morbidity; Mortality; Septic shock

Indexed keywords

EID: 84963548470     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17497922     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0070-9     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Stewart B, Khanduri P, McCord C, Ohene-Yeboah M, Uranues S, Vega Rivera F, Mock C. Global disease burden of conditions requiring emergency surgery. Br J Surg. 2014;101(1):e9-e22. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9329.
2. Ofoegbu CK, Odi T, Ogundipe O, Taiwo J, Solagberu BA. Epidemiology of non-trauma surgical deaths. West Afr J Med. 2005;24(4):321-4.
3. Sartelli M, Viale P, Catena F, Ansaloni L, Moore E, Malangoni M, Moore FA, Velmahos G, Coimbra R, Ivatury R, Peitzman A, Koike K, Leppaniemi A, Biffl W, Burlew CC, Balogh ZJ, Boffard K, Bendinelli C, Gupta S, Kluger Y, Agresta F, Di Saverio S, Wani I, Escalona A, Ordonez C, Fraga GP, Junior GA, Bala M, Cui Y, Marwah S, Sakakushev B, Kong V, Naidoo N, Ahmed A, Abbas A, Guercioni G, Vettoretto N, Díaz-Nieto R, Gerych I, Tranà C, Faro MP, Yuan KC, Kok KY, Mefire AC, Lee JG, Hong SK, Ghnnam W, Siribumrungwong B, Sato N, Murata K, Irahara T, Coccolini F, Segovia Lohse HA, Verni A, Shoko T. 2013 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Emerg Surg. 2013;8(1):3.
4. Sartelli M, Catena F, Ansaloni L, Coccolini F, Corbella D, Moore EE, Malangoni M, Velmahos G, Coimbra R, Koike K, Leppaniemi A, Biffl W, Balogh Z, Bendinelli C, Gupta S, Kluger Y, Agresta F, Di Saverio S, Tugnoli G, Jovine E, Ordonez CA, Whelan JF, Fraga GP, Gomes CA, Pereira GA, Yuan KC, Bala M, Peev MP, Ben-Ishay O, Cui Y, Marwah S, Zachariah S, Wani I, Rangarajan M, Sakakushev B, Kong V, Ahmed A, Abbas A, Gonsaga RA, Guercioni G, Vettoretto N, Poiasina E, Díaz-Nieto R, Massalou D, Skrovina M, Gerych I, Augustin G, Kenig J, Khokha V, Tranà C, Kok KY, Mefire AC, Lee JG, Hong SK, Lohse HA, Ghnnam W, Verni A, Lohsiriwat V, Siribumrungwong B, El Zalabany T, Tavares A, Baiocchi G, Das K, Jarry J, Zida M, Sato N, Murata K, Shoko T, Irahara T, Hamedelneel AO, Naidoo N, Adesunkanmi AR, Kobe Y, Ishii W, Oka K, Izawa Y, Hamid H, Khan I, Attri A, Sharma R, Sanjuan J, Badiel M, Barnabé R. Complicated intra-abdominal infections worldwide: the definitive data of the CIAOW Study. World J Emerg Surg. 2014;9:37
5. Gauzit R, Péan Y, Barth X, Mistretta F, Lalaude O, Top Study Team. Epidemiology, management, and prognosis of secondary non-postoperative peritonitis: a French prospective observational multicenter study. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2009;10(2):119-27.
6. Scapellato S, Parrinello V, Sciuto GS, Castorina G, Buffone A, Cirino E. Valuation on prognostic factors about secondary acute peritonitis: review of 255 cases. Ann Ital Chir. 2004;75(2):241-5. discussion 246.
7. Bali RS, Verma S, Agarwal PN, Singh R, Talwar N. Perforation peritonitis and the developing world. ISRN Surg. 2014:105492. doi: 10.1155/2014/105492.
8. Agrawal CS, Niranjan M, Adhikary S, Karki BS, Pandey R, Chalise PR. Quality assurance in the management of peritonitis: a prospective study. Nepal Med Coll J. 2009;11(2):83-7.
9. Agarwal N, Saha S, Srivastava A, Chumber S, Dhar A, Garg S. Peritonitis: 10 years' experience in a single surgical unit. Trop Gastroenterol. 2007;28(3):117-20.
10. Ahuja A, Pal R. Prognostic scoring indicator in evaluation of clinical outcome in intestinal perforations. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(9):1953-5.
11. Chakma SM, Singh RL, Parmekar MV, Singh KH, Kapa B, Sharatchandra KH, Longkumer AT, Rudrappa S. Spectrum of perforation peritonitis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(11):2518-20.
12. Jhobta RS, Attri AK, Kaushik R, Sharma R, Jhobta A. Spectrum of perforation peritonitis in India--review of 504 consecutive cases. World J Emerg Surg. 2006;1:26.
13. Søreide K, Thorsen K, Søreide JA. Strategies to improve the outcome of emergency surgery for perforated peptic ulcer. Br J Surg. 2014;101(1):e51-64.
14. Arici C, Mesci A, Dincer D, Dinckan A, Colak T. Analysis of risk factors predicting (affecting) mortality and morbidity of peptic ulcer perforations. Int Surg. 2007;92(3):147-54.
15. Møller MH, Engebjerg MC, Adamsen S, Bendix J, Thomsen RW. The Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) score: a predictor of mortality following peptic ulcer perforation. A cohort study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012;56(5):655-62.
16. Ugochukwu AI, Amu OC, Nzegwu MA. Ileal perforation due to typhoid fever - review of operative management and outcome in an urban centre in Nigeria. Int J Surg. 2013;11(3):218-22.
17. Sanogo ZZ, Camara M, Doumbia MM, Soumaré L, Koumaré S, Keïta S, Koïta AK, Ouattara MA, Togo S, Yéna S, Sangaré D. Digestive tract perforations at Point G Teaching Hospital in Bamako. Mali Mali Med. 2012;27(1):19-22.
18. Nuhu A, Dahwa S, Hamza A. Operative management of typhoid ileal perforation in children. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2010;7(1):9-13.
19. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, Cohen J, Opal SM, Vincent JL, Ramsay G. SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(4):1250-6.
20. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 1992;101(6):1644-55.
21. Demmel N, Maag K, Osterholzer G. The value of clinical parameters for determining the prognosis of peritonitis--validation of the Mannheim Peritonitis Index. Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1994;379(3):152-8.
22. Tan KK, Bang SL, Sim R. Surgery for small bowel perforation in an Asian population: predictors of morbidity and mortality. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14(3):493-9.
23. Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML, Vauthey JN, Dindo D, Schulick RD, de Santibañes E, Pekolj J, Slankamenac K, Bassi C, Graf R, Vonlanthen R, Padbury R, Cameron JL, Makuuchi M. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg. 2009;250(2):187-96.
24. Mentula PJ, Leppäniemi AK. Applicability of the Clavien-Dindo classification to emergency surgical procedures: a retrospective cohort study on 444 consecutive patients. Patient Saf Surg. 2014;8:31.
25. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014;12(12):1495-9.
26. Meara JG, Leather AJ, Hagander L, Alkire BC, Alonso N, Ameh EA, et al. Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development. Lancet. 2015;386(9993):569-624.
27. Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, Jamison DT, Kruk ME, Mock CN, editors. Essential Surgery: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 1). Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2015.
28. Stănescu D, Mihalache D, Irimescu O, Buciu A, Nistor A. Treatment of acute peritonitis. Results in County Hospital Suceava with 317 cases. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2010;114(2):372-5.
29. Adesunkanmi AR, Badmus TA. Pattern of antibiotic therapy and clinical outcome in acute generalized peritonitis in semi-urban and rural Nigerians. Chemotherapy. 2006;52(2):69-72.
30. Sharma L, Gupta S, Soin AS, Sikora S, Kapoor V. Generalized peritonitis in India--the tropical spectrum. Jpn J Surg. 1991;21(3):272-7.
31. Dieng M, Ndiaye A, Ka O, Konaté I, Dia A, Touré CT. Etiology and therapeutic aspects of generalized acute peritonitis of digestive origin. A survey of 207 cases operated in five years. Mali Med. 2006;21(4):47-51.
32. Ohene-Yeboah M. Causes of acute peritonitis in 1188 consecutive adult patients in Ghana. Trop Doct. 2005;35(2):84-5.
33. Afridi SP, Malik F, Ur-Rahman S, Shamim S, Samo KA. Spectrum of perforation peritonitis in Pakistan: 300 cases Eastern experience. World J Emerg Surg. 2008;3:31.
34. Ohene-Yeboah M, Togbe B. Perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers in an urban African population. West Afr J Med. 2006;25(3):205-11.
35. Osifo OD, Ogiemwonyi SO. Peritonitis in children: our experience in Benin City, Nigeria. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2011;12(2):127-30.
36. Khalid S, Burhanulhuq, Bhatti AA. Non-traumatic spontaneous ileal perforation: experience with 125 cases. J Ayub Med Coll AbbOttabad. 2014;26(4):526-9.
37. Oheneh-Yeboah M. Postoperative complications after surgery for typhoid ileal perforation in adults in Kumasi. West Afr J Med. 2007;26(1):32-6.
38. Panhofer P, Izay B, Riedl M, Ferenc V, Ploder M, Jakesz R, Götzinger P. Age, microbiology and prognostic scores help to differentiate between secondary and tertiary peritonitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2009;394(2):265-71.
39. Memon AA, Siddiqui FG, Abro AH, Agha AH, Lubna S, Memon AS. An audit of secondary peritonitis at a tertiary care university hospital of Sindh, Pakistan. World J Emerg Surg. 2012;7:6.
40. Mouaffak Y, Boutbaoucht M, Soraa N, Chabaa L, Salama T, Oulad Saiad M, Younous S. Bacteriology of community-acquired peritonitis in children treated in the university hospital of Marrakech. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2013;32(1):60-2.
41. Mittelkötter U, Endter F, Reith HB, Thielemann H, Schmitz R, Ihle P, Kullmann KH. Prospective comparative observational study on the antibiotic treatment of secondary peritonitis in Germany -- efficacy and cost analysis. Chirurg. 2003;74(12):1134-42.
42. Montravers P, Lepape A, Dubreuil L, Gauzit R, Pean Y, Benchimol D, Dupont H. Clinical and microbiological profiles of community-acquired and nosocomial intra-abdominal infections: results of the French prospective, observational EBIIA study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;63(4):785-94.
43. Ramakrishnaiah VP, Chandrakasan C, Dharanipragadha K, Sistla S, Krishnamachari S. Community acquired secondary bacterial peritonitis in a tertiary hospital of South India: an audit with special reference to peritoneal fluid culture. Trop Gastroenterol. 2012;33(4):275-81.
44. Qureshi AM, Zafar A, Saeed K, Quddus A. Predictive power of Mannheim Peritonitis Index. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2005;15(11):693-6.
45. Seiler CA, Brügger L, Forssmann U, Baer HU, Büchler MW. Conservative surgical treatment of diffuse peritonitis. Surgery. 2000;127(2):178-84.
46. Nuhu A, Kassama Y. Experience with acute perforated duodenal ulcer in a West African population. Niger J Med. 2008;17(4):403-6.
47. Saxe JM, Cropsey R. Is operative management effective in treatment of perforated typhoid? Am J Surg. 2005;189(3):342-4.
48. Caronna R, Boukari AK, Zaongo D, Hessou T, Gayito RC, Ahononga C, Adeniran S, Priuli G. Comparative analysis of primary repair vs resection and anastomosis, with laparostomy, in management of typhoid intestinal perforation: results of a rural hospital in northwestern Benin. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013;13:102.
49. Chichom Mefire A, Tchounzou R, Masso Misse P, Pisoh C, Pagbe JJ, Essomba A, Takongmo S, Malonga EE. Analysis of operative indications and outcomes in 238 re-operations after abdominal surgery in an economically disadvantaged setting. J Chir (Paris). 2009;146(4):387-91.
50. Van Ruler O, Mahler CW, Boer KR, Reuland EA, Gooszen HG, Opmeer BC, de Graaf PW, Lamme B, Gerhards MF, Steller EP, van Till JW, de Borgie CJ, Gouma DJ, Reitsma JB. Boermeester MA: comparison of on-demand vs planned relaparotomy strategy in patients with severe peritonitis: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2007;298:865-72.
51. Rakić M, Popović D, Rakić M, Druzijanić N, Lojpur M, Hall BA, Williams BA, Sprung J. Comparison of on-demand vs planned relaparotomy for treatment of severe intra-abdominal infections. Croat Med J. 2005;46(6):957-63.
52. Ngowe Ngowe M, Toure A, Mouafo Tambo FF, Chichom A, Tchounzou R, Ako-Egbe L, Sosso M. Prevalence and risk factors associated with post-operative infections in the Limbe Regional Hospital of Cameroon. The open Surgery Journal. 2014;8:1-8.
53. Anupama PK, Ashok AC, Rudresh HK, Srikantaiah HC, Girish KS, Suhas KR. Mortality in Typhoid Intestinal Perforation-A Declining Trend. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(9):1946-8.
54. Mogasale V, Desai SN, Mogasale VV, Park JK, Ochiai RL. Wierzba TF Case fatality rate and length of hospital stay among patients with typhoid intestinal perforation in developing countries: a systematic literature review. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e93784.
55. Qamar FN, Azmatullah A, Bhutta ZA. Challenges in measuring complications and death due to invasive Salmonella infections. Vaccine. 2015;33 Suppl 3:C16-20.
56. Gedik E, Girgin S, Taçyildiz IH, Akgün Y. Risk factors affecting morbidity in typhoid enteric perforation. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008;393(6):973-7.
57. Chichom Mefire A, Weledji PE, Verla VS, Lidwine NM. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of isolated small bowel perforations after blunt abdominal injury in low income settings: analysis of twenty three new cases. Injury. 2014;45(1):141-5.
58. Wacha H, Hau T, Dittmer R, Ohmann C. Risk factors associated with intraabdominal infections: a prospective multicenter study. Peritonitis Study Group. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 1999;384(1):24-32.
59. Riché FC, Dray X, Laisné MJ, Matéo J, Raskine L, Sanson-Le Pors MJ, Payen D, Valleur P, Cholley BP. Factors associated with septic shock and mortality in generalized peritonitis: comparison between community-acquired and postoperative peritonitis. Crit Care. 2009;13(3):R99. doi: 10.1186/cc7931.
60. Bielecki K, Kamiński P, Klukowski M. Large bowel perforation: morbidity and mortality. Tech Coloprocto. 2002;6(3):177-82.
61. Lohsiriwat V, Prapasrivorakul S, Lohsiriwat D. Perforated peptic ulcer: clinical presentation, surgical outcomes, and the accuracy of the Boey scoring system in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality. World J Surg. 2009;33(1):80-5.
62. Hernández-Palazón J, Fuentes-García D, Burguillos-López S, Domenech-Asensi P, Sansano-Sánchez TV, Acosta-Villegas F. Analysis of organ failure and mortality in sepsis due to secondary peritonitis. Med Intensiva. 2013;37(7):461-7.