“Crack ends it all” A study of the interrelations between crack cocaine, social environments, social relations, crime, and homicide among poor, young men in urban Brazil

Contemporary Drug Problems

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 171-199

  Ursin, Marit ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

Actor network theory; Brazil; Crack; Homelessness; Street; Young people

Indexed keywords

EID: 84962054717     PISSN: 00914509     EISSN: 21631808     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009145091404100203     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Adrian M. (2003). How can sociological theory help our understanding of addictions? Substance Use & Misuse, 38(10), 1385-1423.
2. Andrade T., Santiago L., Amari E., & Fischer B. (2011). “What a pity!” — Exploring the use of ‘pitilho’ as harm reduction among crack users in Salvador, Brazil. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 18(5), 382-386.
3. Barad K. (2003). Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an understanding of how matter comes to matter. Signs, 28(3), 801-831. doi: 10.1086/345321
4. Bourgois P. (2003). In search of respect: Selling crack in El Barrio. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. Carvalho H. B., & Seibel S. D. (2009). Crack cocaine use and its relationship with violence and HIV. Clinics, 64(9), 857-866.
6. Demant J. (2009). When alcohol acts: An actor-network approach to teenagers, alcohol and parties. Body & Society, 15(1), 25-46.
7. Dias A. C., Ribeiro M., Dunn J., Sesso R., & Laranjeira R. (2008). Follow-up study of crack cocaine users: Situation of the patients after 2, 5, and 12 years. Substance Abuse, 29(3), 71-79.
8. Duff C. (2012). Accounting for context: Exploring the role of objects and spaces in the consumption of alcohol and other drugs. Social & Cultural Geography, 13(2), 145-159.
9. Duff C. (2013). The place and time of drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy.
10. Dunn J., & Laranjeira R. (1999). Cocaine-profiles, drug histories, and patterns of use of patients from Brazil. Substance Use & Misuse, 34(11), 1527-1548.
11. Dwyer R., & Moore D. (2013). Enacting multiple methamphetamines: The ontological politics of public discourse and consumer accounts of a drug and its effects. International Journal of Drug Policy, 24(3), 203-211.
12. Fischer B., Cruz M. S., Bastos F. I., & Tyndall M. (2013). Crack across the Americas — A massive problem in continued search of viable answers: Exemplary views from the North (Canada) and the South (Brazil). International Journal of Drug Policy, 24(6), 631.
13. Fraser S., & Moore D. (2011). The drug effect: Health, crime and society. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
14. Fraser S., & Valentine K. (2008). Substance and substitution: Methadone subjects in liberal societies. Basingstoke, Hampshire, GBR: Palgrave Macmillan.
15. Goldstein P., Brownstein H., Ryan P., & Bellucci P. (1997). Crack and homicide in New York City. In Reinarman C. & Levine H. G. (Eds.), Crack in America: Demon drugs and social justice (pp. 113-130). Berkeley: University of California Press.
16. Gomart E. (2002). Methadone six effects in search of a substance. Social Studies of Science, 32(1), 93-135.
17. Hartman D. M., & Golub A. (1999). The social construction of the crack epidemic in the print media. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 31(4), 423-433.
18. Haualand H. (2012). Fortolkning og formidling: En komparativ studie av bildetolketjenester. Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift, 4(4), 287-301.
19. Hoelscher K. (in press). Institutional reform and violence reduction: The case of Pernambuco, Brazil.
20. Inciardi J., McBride D., McCoy H., & Chitwood D. (1997). Recent research on the crack/cocaine/crime connection. In McShane M. & Williams F. P. (Eds.), Criminal justice: Contemporary literature in theory and practice (pp. 133-152). New York: Garland Publisher.
21. Junior R. C. D. S., Gomes C. S., Júnior Goulart S. S., Almeida F. V., Grobério T. S., Braga J. W. B., (2012). Demystifying “oxi” cocaine: Chemical profiling analysis of a “new Brazilian drug” from Acre State. Forensic Science International, 221(1-3), 113-119.
22. Keane H. (2002). What’s wrong with addiction? Melbourne: Melbourne University Publish.
23. Keane H. (2013). Making smokers different with nicotine: NRT and quitting. International Journal of Drug Policy, 24, 189-195.
24. Latour B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
25. Latour B. (2005). Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
26. Law J. (2004). After method: Mess in social science research. New York: Routledge.
27. Law J. (2012). Notes on fish, ponds and theory. Norsk Antropologisk Tidskrift, 3-4, 225-236.
28. Lien M. (2012). Mot en postkolonial hjemmeantropologi: Aktør-nettverkteori i studier av oss selv. Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift, 23(3-4), 302-315.
29. Moore D. (2004). Drugalities: The generative capabilities of criminalized “drugs.” International Journal of Drug Policy, 15(5), 419-426.
30. Moura Y. G., Sanchez Z. V. D. M., & Noto A. R. (2010). Diversity of contexts in drug use among street adolescents. Qualitative Health Research, 20(9), 1241-1253.
31. Murdoch J. (1998). The spaces of actor-network theory. Geoforum, 29(4), 357-374.
32. Noto A.C., Pinsky I., & Mastroianni Fde C. (2006). Drugs in the Brazilian print media: An exploratory survey of newspaper and magazine stories in the year 2000. Substance Use & Misuse, 41(9), 1263-1276.
33. Nunes C. L. X., Andrade T., Galvão-Castro B., Bastos F. I., & Reingold A. (2007). Assessing risk behaviors and prevalence of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections among female crack cocaine users in Salvador — Bahia, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 11, 561-566.
34. Oliveira L. G. D., & Nappo S. A. (2008). Crack na cidade de São Paulo: Acessibilidade, estratégias de mercado e formas de uso. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 35, 212-218.
35. Pedroso R. S., Kessler F., & Pechansky F. (2013). Treatment of female and male inpatient crack users: A qualitative study. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 35, 36-45.
36. Reinerman C., & Levine H. (1997). Crack in America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
37. Ribeiro L., Sanchez Z., & Nappo S. (2010). Surviving crack: A qualitative study of the strategies and tactics developed by Brazilian users to deal with the risks associated with the drug. BMC Public Health, 10(1), 671-681.
38. Romanini M., & Roso A. (2012). Mídia e crack: Promovendo saúde ou reforçando relações de dominação? Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 32, 82-97.
39. Roso A., Romanini M., MacEdo F. D. S. D., Angonese M., Monaiar A. B., & Bianchini M. P. (2013). Discourses about crack in the printed mass media. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 30, 455-466.
40. Cruz Santos M., Andrade T., Bastos F. I., Leal E., Bertoni N., Villar L. M., (2013). Key drug use, health and socio-economic characteristics of young crack users in two Brazilian cities. International Journal of Drug Policy, 24(5), 432-438.
41. Soares L. E., Bill M., & Athayde C. (2005). Cabeça de porco. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Objetiva.
42. Souza E. (2010). Situational factors in homicides in a violence-ridden Brazilian favela (Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University Graduate School, Newark, 2010). Retrieved April 20, 2014, from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10002600001.ETD.000052889
43. UNODC. (2011). The transatlantic cocaine market. Vienna: UNODC.
44. Ursin M. (2006). Os pivetes: Brazilian street youth and their encounter with a middle class neighbourhood (Master’s thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2006).
45. Ursin M. (2011). “Wherever I lay my head is home”: Young people’s experience of home in the Brazilian street environment. Children’s Geographies, 9(2), 221-234.
46. Ursin M. (2012). ‘The city is ours’: The temporal construction of dominance among poor young men on the street in a Brazilian elite neighbourhood. Journal of Latin American Studies, 44(03), 467-493.
47. Ursin M. (2013). “The place where I buried my bellybutton”: A longitudinal study of transitions and belonging among young men on the street in Salvador, Brazil. Doctoral dissertation, University of Bodø, Norway.
48. Weinberg D. (2011). Sociological perspectives on addiction. Sociology Compass, 5(4), 298-310.
49. Zaluar A. (2004). Integração perversa: Pobreza e tráfico de drogas. Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora.